Rule 2 - Definitions

2. Extent of application Save as otherwise provided in these rules, these rules shall apply to Government servants appointed to the civil services and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union, but shall not apply to-

(a) Railway servants;

(b) persons in casual or daily-rated or part-time employment;

(c) persons paid from contingencies;

(d) workmen employed in industrial establishments;

(e) persons employed in work-charged establishments;

(f) members of the All India Services;

(g) persons locally recruited for service in Diplomatic, Consular or other Indian establishments in foreign countries;

(h) persons employed on contract except when the contract provides otherwise;

(i) persons in respect of whom special provisions have been made by or under the provisions of the Constitution or any other law for the time being in force;

(j) persons governed, for purposes of leave, by the Fundamental Rules or the Civil Service Regulations;

(k) persons serving under a Central Government Department, on deputation from a State Government or any other source, for a limited duration.

(1) In these rules, unless the context otherwise requires-

(a) Administrator means an Administrator of a Union Territory;

(b) Audit Officer means the Accounts and Audit Officer, whatever his official designation, in whose circle the office of the Government servant is situated;

(c) Authority competent to grant leave means the authority specified in Column (3) of the First Schedule to these rules, competent to grant the kind of leave specified in the corresponding entries in Column (2) of the said Schedule;

(d) Completed years of service or one year‘s continuous service‖ means continuous service of specified duration under the Central Government and includes the period spent on duty as well as on leave including extraordinary leave;

(e) Date of retirement or date of his retirement in relation to a Government servant, means the afternoon of the last day of the month in which the Government servant attains the age prescribed for retirement under the terms and conditions governing his services. (MOF Notification No. 5(7)-E.IV(A)/75 dated 02.12.1975)

(f) Department of the Central Government means a Ministry or aDepartment of the Central Government as notified from time to time and includes the Planning Commission, the Department of Parliamentary Affairs, the President‘s Secretariat, the Vice-President‘s Secretariat, the Cabinet Secretariat and the Prime Minister‘s Secretariat; (fa) "disability" means "specified disability", "benchmark disability" and "disability having high support needs" as referred to in the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 (49 of 2016). (DOPT Notification No. No. 18017/l/2014-Estt. (L), dated 03.04.2018)

(g) Foreign service means service in which a Government servant receiveshis pay with the sanction of Government from any source other than the Consolidated Fund of India or the Consolidated Fund of any State [or the Consolidated Fund of a Union Territory];

(h) Form means a Form appended to the Second Schedule to these rules;

(i) Government servant in quasi-permanent employ‖ means- (A) an officer who, having been declared by the Union Public Service Commission to be eligible for appointment to the ministerial Services of the Government of India, has been appointed to a temporary or officiating vacancy on the understanding given to him in writing before he took up the appointment, that that vacancy is expected to become permanent but is not confirmed after completion of three years continuous service; (B) an officer who may be declared as quasi-permanent under the Central Civil Services (Temporary Services) Rules, 1965.

(j) Government servant in permanent employ means an officer who holds substantively or provisionally substantively a permanent post or who holds a lien on a permanent post or who would have held a lien on permanent post had the lien not been suspended;

(k) Head of Mission means Ambassador, Charge d‘ Affaires, Minister, ConsulGeneral, High Commissioner or any other authority declared as such by the Central Government, in the country in which the Government servant undergoes a course of study or training;

(l) Military Officer means an officer of the Armed Forces who is-

(i) a Commissioned Officer of the Army, the Navy or the Air Force, or

(ii)

(a) a Junior Commissioned Officer (including an honorary commissioned officer), or an other rank‘ of the Army, or

(b) a Branch List Officer or rating of the Navy, or

(c) an airman including a Master Warrant Officer of the Air Force;

(m) Vacation Department means a department or part of a department, to which regular vacations are allowed, during which Government servants serving in the department are permitted to be absent from duty.

(2) Words and expressions used herein and not defined but defined in the Fundamental Rules and Supplementary Rules shall have the meanings respectively assigned to them in the Fundamental Rules and Supplementary Rules.

2. The aforesaid medical condition can be reasonably estimated to have manifested itself with effect from...................................and that-

(i) it cannot be said with certainty that the Government servant will never again be fit for service; or

(ii) there is no reasonable prospect that the Government servant will ever be fit to return to duty.

#3. In view of the fact that it cannot be said with certainty as to when the Government servant shall be fit for service, I recommend that Shri/Shrimati/ Kumari ................................... may be granted leave on medical grounds with effect from ………….to ………….(up to a period of one year).

[#Please strike out if a certificate is being issued under 2

(ii) above]

FORM 4 [See Rule 19] MEDICAL CERTIFICATE FOR LEAVE OR EXTENSION OF LEAVE OR COMMUTATION OF LEAVE

Signature of the Government servant………………………………….. I, ................................ after careful personal examination of the case hereby certify that Shri / Shrimati / Kumari..........................whose signature is given above, is suffering from ………………and I consider that a period of absence from duty of ……………with effect from …………….is absolutely necessary for the restoration of his / her health.

Authorized Medical Attendant ……………Hospital / Dispensary or other Registered Medical Practitioner

NOTE 1- The nature and probable duration of the illness should be specified. NOTE 2- This Form should be adhered to as closely as possible and should be filled in after the signature of the Government servant has been taken. The certifying officer is not at liberty to certify that the Government servant requires a change from or to a particular locality, or that he is not fit to proceed to a particular locality. Such certificates should only be given at the explicit desire of the administrative authority concerned, to whom it is open to decide, when an application on such grounds has been made to him, whether the applicant should go before a Civil Surgeon or Staff Surgeon to decide the question of his/her fitness for service.

NOTE 3.- Should a second medical opinion be required, the authority competent to grant leave should arrange for the second medical examination to be made at the earliest possible date by a Medical Officer not below the rank of a Civil Surgeon or Staff Surgeon, who shall express an opinion both a regards the facts of illness and as regards the necessity for the amount of leave recommended and for this purpose he may either require the Government servant to appear before himself or before a Medical Officer nominated by himself.

NOTE 4.- No recommendation contained in this certificate shall be evidence of a claim to any leave not admissible to the Government servant.

FORM 5 [See Rule 24 (3)] MEDICAL CERTIFICATE OF FITNESS TO RETURN TO DUTY Signature of the Government servant ………………………………

We, the members of Medical Board I, ...................................................... Civil Surgeon/Staff Surgeon. Authorized Medical Attendant of…. Registered Medical Practitioner

do hereby certify that we / I have carefully examined Shri / Shrimati I Kumari ……………………..whose signature is given above, and find that he/she recovered from his I her illness and is now fit to resume duties in Government service. We / I also certify that before arriving at this decision, we If have examined the original medical certificate

(s) and statement

(s) of the case (or certified copies thereof) on which leave was granted or extended and have taken these into consideration in arriving at our / my decision.

Members of the Medical Board (1)………………………… (2)………………………… (3)………………………… Civil Surgeon / Staff Surgeon Authorized Medical Attendant Registered Medical Practitioner

NOTE.- The original medical certificate

(s) and statement

(s) of the case on which the leave was originally granted or extended shall be produced before the authority required to issue the above certificate. For this purpose, the original certificate

(s) and statement

(s) of the case should be prepared in duplicate, one copy being retained by the Government servant concerned.

FORM 6 [See Rule 32 (3) BOND FOR TEMPORARY GOVERNMENT SERVANTS GRANTED EXTRAORDINARY LEAVE IN RELAXATION OF RULE 32 (2)

(e) FOR STUDY

KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS THAT WE ……………………… residents……………. of in the District of........................... at present employed as ……………..in the Ministry/Office of……………….. (hereinafter called "the Obligor") and Shri / Shrimati / Kumari.............................son/daughter of……….of................ and Shri / Shrimati / Kumari .....................son/daughter of………… of…………… (hereinafter called "the Sureties"), do hereby jointly and severally bind ourselves and our respective heirs, executors and administrators, to pay to the President of India, his successors and assigns (hereinafter called the "Government") on demand the sum of Rs.................... (Rupees ............. only) together with interest thereon from the date of demand at Government rates for the time being in force on Government loans or, if the payment is made in a country other than India, the equivalent of the said amount in the currency of that country converted at the official rate of exchange between that country and India AND TOGETHER with all costs between the attorney and client and all charges and expenses that shall or may have been incurred by the Government.

WHEREAS the Government has at the request of the above bounden Shri / Shrimat / Kumari…………..employed as a……….., granted him/her regular leave, followed by extraordinary leave without pay and allowances, for a period of……….. months……….. days with effect from………… in order to enable him / her to study at……………..

AND WHEREAS the Government has appointed / will have to appoint a substitute to perform the duties of………… during the period of absence of …………… Shri/Shrimati/Kumari ...................... on extraordinary leave.

AND WHEREAS for the better protection of the Government, the Obligor has agreed to execute this bond with two Sureties with such condition as hereunder written:

AND WHEREAS the said Sureties have agreed to execute this Bond as sureties on behalf of the bounden…………

NOW THE CONDITION OF THE ABOVE WRITTEN OBLIGATION IS THAT, in the event of the above bounden, Shri/Shrimati/Kumari…………… failing to rejoin on the expiry of the period of extraordinary leave, the post originally held by him I her and serve the Government after rejoining for such period not exceeding a period of………….. years as the Government may require or refusing to serve the Government in any other capacity as may be required by the Government on a salary to which he / she would be entitled under the rules, the said Shri/Shrimati/Kumari… or his/ her executors

and administrators shall forthwith pay to the Government on demand the said sum of .................. (Rupees…………… only) together with interest thereon from the date of demand at Government rates for the time being in force on Government loans.

AND upon the Obligor Shri/Shrimati/Kumari……….. and or Shri/Shrimati/Kumari……….. and, or Shri/Shrimati/Kumari....................the Sureties aforesaid making such payment the above written obligation shall be void and of no effect, otherwise it shall be and remain in force and virtue:

PROVIDED ALWAYS that the liability of the Sureties hereunder shall not be impaired or discharged by reason of time being granted or by any forbearance, act or omission of the Government or any person authorized by them (whether with or without the consent or knowledge of the Sureties) nor shall it be necessary for the Government to sue the Obligor before suing the Sureties Shri/Shrimati/Kumari .......................and Shri/Shrimati/Kumari…………………..or any of them for amounts due hereunder.

The Bond shall in all respects be governed by the laws of India for the time being in force and the rights and liabilities hereunder shall where necessary be accordingly determined by the appropriate Courts in India.

Signed and dated this………. day of ………..two thousand and………. Signed and delivered by the Obligor above named Shri/Shrimati/ Kumar

in presence of………………………... Witnesses: 1…………………………. 2…………………………. Signed and delivered by the Surety above named Shri / Shrimati / Kumari in the presence of …………………….

Witnesses: 1………………………….. 2………………………….. Signed and delivered by the Surety above named Shri/Shrimati/Kumari

in the presence of ……………………. Witnesses: 1…………………………… 2……………………………

FORM 7 [ See Rule 53 (4)] BOND TO BE EXECUTED BY A GOVERNMENT SERVANT IN PERMANENT EMPLOY, WHEN PROCEEDING ON STUDY LEAVE

KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS THAT I,…………… resident of………….. in the District of………… at present employed as………………. in the Ministry/Office of do hereby bind myself and my heirs, executors and administrators to pay to the President of India (hereinafter called "the Government") on demand the sum of Rs................... (Rupees…………… only) together with interest thereon from the date of demand at Government rates for the time being in force on Government loans or, if payment is made in a country other than India, the equivalent of the said amount in the currency of that country converted at the official rate of exchange between that country of India AND TOGETHER with all costs between attorney and client and all charges and expenses that shall or may have been incurred by the Government.

WHEREAS I.......................am granted study leave by Government. AND WHEREAS for the better protection of the Government, I have agreed to execute this Bond with such condition as hereunder is written;

NOW THE CONDITION OF THE ABOVE WRITTEN OBLIGATION IS THAT in the event of my failing to resume duty, or resigning or retiring from service or otherwise quitting service without returning to duty after the expiry or termination of the period of study leave or failing to complete the course of study or at any time within a period of three years/five years after my return to duty, I shall forthwith pay to the Government or as may be directed by the Government, on demand the said sum of Rs................... (Rupees……………. only) together with interest thereon from the date of demand at Government rates for the time being in force on Government loans.

NOW FURTHER THE CONDITION OF THE ABOVE WRITTEN OBLIGATION IS THAT the period of my bond mandating putting in service for the period as specified above, after expiry of the study leave availed by me, shall be extended by a comparable period, equivalent to the aggregate periods of leave of any kind availed by me during the currency of the bond period.

AND upon my making such payment, the above written obligations shall be void and of no effect, otherwise it shall be and remain in full force and virtue.

The Bond shall in all respects be governed by the laws of India for the time being in force and the rights and liabilities hereunder shall, where necessary, be accordingly determined by the appropriate Courts of India.

Signed and dated this….. day of……. two thousand and……….. Signed and delivered by ………..

In the presence of……………….. Witnesses 1……………………… 2……………………… For and on behalf of the President of India

EXPLANATION. — The term 'currency of bond' means the period during which the liability of the Government servant is activated and the right of the Government is alive to claim the predetermined and stipulated amounts from the Government servant who fails to discharge his obligation.

FORM 8 [See Rule 53 (4)] BOND TO BE EXECUTED BY A GOVERNMENT SERVANT IN PERMANENT EMPLOY, WHEN GRANTED EXTENSION OF STUDY LEAVE

KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS THAT I……………………………………… resident of............................................................ in the District of …………………………..at present employed as ……………………….in the Ministry/Office of…………………………do hereby bind myself and my heirs, executors and administrators to pay to the President of India (hereinafter called "the Government") on demand the sum of Rs................... (Rupees……………… only) together with interest thereon from the date of demand at Government rates for the time being in force on Government loans or if payment is made in a country other than India, the equivalent of the said amount in the currency of that country converted at the official rate of exchange between that country and India AND TOGETHER with all costs between attorney and client and all charges and expenses that shall or may have been incurred by the Government.

WHEREAS I……………… was granted study leave by Government for the period ………………… to………………… in consideration of which I executed a Bond, dated……………….. for (Rupees…………………… only) in favour of the President of India.

AND WHEREAS the extension of study leave has been granted to me at my request until………………….

AND WHEREAS for the better protection of the Government, I have agreed to execute this Bond with such conditions as hereunder are written.

NOW, THE CONDITION OF THE ABOVE WRITTEN OBLIGATION IS THAT in the event of my failing to resume duty of resigning or retiring from service or otherwise quitting service without returning to duty after the expiry or termination of the period of study leave so extended or failing to complete the course of study or at any time within a period of three years/five years after my return to duty. I shall forthwith pay to the Government or as may be directed by the Government, on demand the said sum of Rs.................. (Rupees…………only) together with interest thereon from the date of demand at Government rates for the time being in force on Government loans.

NOW FURTHER THE CONDITION OF THE ABOVE WRITTEN OBLIGATION IS THAT the period of my bond mandating, putting in service for the period as specified above, after expiry of the study leave availed by me, shall be extended by a comparable period, equivalent to the aggregate periods of leave of any kind availed by me, during the currency of the bond period.

AND upon my making, such payments, the above written obligations shall be void and of no effect, otherwise it shall be and remain in full force and virtue.

The Bond shall in all respects be governed by the laws of India for the time being in force and the rights and liabilities hereunder shall, where necessary, be accordingly determined by the appropriate Courts in India.

Signed and dated this……….…day of………. two thousand and…………… Signed and delivered by……………….

In the presence of ……………………… Witnesses 1…………………………….. 2…………………………….. For and on behalf of the President of India

EXPLANATION.— The 'currency of bond' means the period during which the liability of the Government servant is activated and the right of the Government is alive to claim the predetermined and stipulated amounts from the Government servant who fails to discharge his obligation.

FORM 9 [See Rule 53 (4)] BOND TO BE EXECUTED BY A GOVERNMENT SERVANT NOT IN PERMANENT EMPLOY, WHEN PROCEEDING ON STUDY LEAVE

KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS THAT WE………………. residents of ……………………..in the District of……………….. at present employed as…………………… in the Ministry / Office of……………………… (hereinafter called "the Obligor") and Shri /Shrimati/Kumari……………… son/daughter of and Shri/ Shrimati/Kumari……………….. son/daughter of and Shri/Shrimati/Kumari ……………………..son/daughter of……………… (hereinafter called "the Sureties") do hereby jointly and severally bind ourselves and our respective heirs, executors and administrators to pay to the President of India (hereinafter called "the Government") on demand the sum of Rs...................(Rupees………………. only) together with interest thereon from the date of demand at Government rates for the time being in force on Government loans or, if payment is made in a country other than India, the equivalent of the said amount in the currency of that country, converted at the official rate of exchange between that country and India AND TOGETHER with all costs between attorney and client and all charges and expenses that shall or may have been incurred by the Government.

WHEREAS the Obligor is granted study leave by the Government: AND WHEREAS for the better protection of the Government, the Obligor has agreed to execute this Bond with such condition as hereunder is written.

AND WHEREAS the said Sureties have agreed to execute this Bond as Sureties on behalf of the above bounden…………………………

NOW THE CONDITION OF THE ABOVE WRITTEN OBLIGATIONS IS THAT, in the event of the Obligor Shri /Shrimati/Kumari .............................. failing to resume duty, or resigning from service or otherwise quitting service without returning to duty after the expiry or termination of the period of study leave or failing to complete the course of Study or at any time within a period of three years/five years after his return to duty, the Obligor and the Sureties shall forthwith pay to the Government or as may be directed by the Government, on demand the said sum of Rs................... (Rupees ………….. only) together with interest thereon from the date of demand at Government rates for the time being in force on Government loans.

NOW FURTHER THE CONDITION OF THE ABOVE WRITTEN OBLIGATION IS THAT, the period of bond, mandating putting in service by the Obligor for the period as specified above, after expiry of the study leave availed by him or her, shall be extended by a comparable period, equivalent to the aggregate periods of leave of any kind availed by him or her during the currency of the bond period.

AND upon the Obligor Shri/Shrimati / Kumari …………….. and or Shri / Shrimati / Kumari…………….. and or Shri / Shrimati / Kumari…………………, the Sureties aforesaid making such payment the above written obligation shall be void and of no effect, otherwise it shall be and remain in full force by virtue.

PROVIDED ALWAYS that the liability of the Sureties hereunder shall not be impaired or discharged by reason of time being granted or by any forbearance act or omission of the Government or any person authorized by them (whether with or without the consent or knowledge of the Sureties) nor shall it be necessary, for the Government to to sue the Obligor before suing the Sureties Shri / Shrimati / Kumari ………………and Shri / Shrimati / Kumari…......................or any of them for amounts due hereunder.

The Bond shall in all respects be governed by the laws of India for the time being in force and the rights and liabilities hereunder shall where necessary be accordingly determined by the appropriate Courts in India.

Signed and dated this……………….. day of…........................... two thousand and…………………..

Signed and delivered by the Obligor …………………… Above-named Shri / Shrimati / Kumari

In the presence of …………………. Witnesses 1. ……………………... 2. ……………............... Signed and delivered by the Obligor above-named Shri/Shrimati/Kumari

In the presence of…………………………. Witnesses 1. …………………… 2. …………………… Signed and delivered by the Obligor above-named Shri / Shrimati / Kumari

In the presence of……………………… Witnesses 1. .....…………………….. 2. ………………………… ACCEPTED For and on behalf of the President of India

EXPLANATION.— The term 'currency of bond' means the period during which the liability of the Government servant is activated and the right of the Government is alive to claim the predetermined and stipulated amounts from the Government servant who fails to discharge his obligation.

FORM 10 [See Rule 53 (4)] BOND TO BE EXECUTED BY A GOVERNMENT, SERVANT NOT IN PERMANENT EMPLOY, WHEN GRANTED EXTENSION OF STUDY LEAVE

KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS THAT WE….………...residents of ……………….. in the District of………………. at present employed as………………. in the Ministry/Office of……………..(hereinafter called "the Obligor") and Shri/ Shrimati/Kumari ………………. Son/daughter of………… of ………and Shri/Shrimati/Kumari....................... son/daughter of………………(hereinafter called "the Sureties") do hereby jointly and severally bind ourselves and our respective heirs, executors and administrators to pay to the President of India (hereinafter called "the Government") on demand the sum of Rs................... (Rupees………….. only) together with interest thereon from the date of demand at Government rates for the time being in force on Government loans or, if payment is made in a country other than India, the equivalent of the said amount in the currency of that country converted at the official rate of exchange between that country and India AND TOGETHER with all costs between attorney and client and all charges and expenses that shall or may have been incurred by the Government.

WHEREAS the Obligor was granted study leave by the Government from the period from………. to………… in consideration of which he executed a Bond, dated… for Rs………….(Rupees............... only) in favour of the President of India:

AND WHEREAS the extension of study leave has been granted to the Obligor at his request until………..

AND WHEREAS for the better protection of the Government the Obligor has agreed to execute this Bond with such condition as hereunder is written:

AND WHEREAS the said Sureties have agreed to execute this Bond as Sureties on behalf of the above bounden………..

NOW THE CONDITION OF THE ABOVE WRITTEN OBLIGATION IS THAT in the event of the Obligor Shri/Shrimati/Kumari .................failing to resume duty, or resigning from service or otherwise quitting service without returning to duty after the expiry or termination of the period of study leave so extended or failing to complete the course of study or at any time within a period of three years / five years after his return to duty, the Obligor and the Sureties shall forthwith pay to the Government, on demand the said sum of Rs................... (Rupees.............. only) together with interest thereon from the date of demand at Government rates for the time being in force on Government loans.

NOW FURTHER THE CONDITION OF THE ABOVE WRITTEN OBLIGATIONS IS THAT the period of bond, mandating putting in service by the Obligor for the period as specified above, after expiry of the Study Leave availed by him or her, shall be extended by a comparable period, equivalent to the aggregate periods of leave of any kind availed by him or her, during the currency of the bond period.

AND upon the Obligor Shri/ Shrimati/Kumari………….. and, or Shri/Shrimati /Kumari…………. and, or Shri/Shrimati/Kumari…………..the Sureties aforesaid making

such payment the above written obligation shall be void and of no effect, otherwise it shall be and remain in full force and virtue;

PROVIDED ALWAYS that the liability of the Sureties hereunder shall not be impaired or discharged by reason of time being granted or by any forbearance, act or omission of the Government or any person authorized by them (whether with or without the consent or knowledge of the Sureties) nor shall it be necessary, for the Government to sue the Obligor before suing the Sureties Shri/Shrimati/Kumari.............................and Shri/Shrimati/Kumari .................................. or any of them for amounts due hereunder.

The Bond shall in all respect be government by the laws of India for the time being in force and the rights and liabilities hereunder shall where necessary be accordingly determined by the appropriate Courts in India.

Signed and dated this……….…day of………. two thousand and…………… Signed and delivered by the Obligor above named Shri/Shrimati/ Kumar

in presence of………………………..... Witnesses: 1…………………………. 2…………………………. Signed and delivered by the Surety above named Shri / Shrimati / Kumari in the presence of …………………….

Witnesses: 1…………………………. 2…………………………. Signed and delivered by the Surety above named Shri / Shrimati / Kumari in the presence of …………………….

Witnesses: 1…………………………. 2…………………………. ACCEPTED for and on behalf of the President of India

Explanation. — The term 'currency of bond' means the period during which the liability of the Government servant is activated and the right of the Government is alive to claim the predetermined and stipulated amounts from the Government servant who fails to discharge his obligation.

TO VIEW OR DOWNLOAD COPY OF THE ORIGINAL AVAILABLE NOTIFICATIONS RELATED TO THE CCS (LEAVE) RULES 1972, PLEASE VISIT DOPT WEBSITE AT: https://doptcirculars.nic.in/Default.aspx?URL=wj1jntjVG5sJ

TO VIEW OR DOWNLOAD COPY OF THE ORIGINAL AVAILABLE OFFICE MEMORANDUMS RELATED TO THE CCS (LEAVE) RULES 1972, PLEASE VISIT DOPT WEBSITE AT: https://doptcirculars.nic.in/Default.aspx?URL=XZAkN2m2OzO2%20

What This Means

This explanation was generated with AI assistance for educational purposes. Always refer to the official gazette notification for authoritative text.

Key Points

• 1Defines key terms used throughout the CCS (Leave) Rules, 1972.
• 2Clarifies the meaning of 'completed years of service,' including periods spent on leave.
• 3Defines 'date of retirement' as the afternoon of the last day of the month in which the retirement age is reached.
• 4Specifies what constitutes a 'Department of the Central Government'.
• 5Includes definitions for 'disability' as per the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016, and 'Foreign Service'.

Practical Example

This explanation was generated with AI assistance for educational purposes. Always refer to the official gazette notification for authoritative text.

Cross References

Frequently Asked Questions

This explanation was generated with AI assistance for educational purposes. Always refer to the official gazette notification for authoritative text.