Very Low Earth Orbit (VLEO) Satellite Systems
Kartavya Desk Staff
Source: TOI
Subject: Science and Technology
Context: State-run defense major Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) and space-tech startup Bellatrix Aerospace have signed an MoU to jointly develop Very Low Earth Orbit (VLEO) satellite systems.
About Very Low Earth Orbit (VLEO) Satellite Systems:
What it is?
• The collaboration is a strategic partnership to design, develop, and manufacture next-generation satellite platforms and payloads specifically for the Very Low Earth Orbit (VLEO) It combines high-end defense electronics manufacturing with innovative satellite propulsion technologies.
Organizations Involved: Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) and Bellatrix Aerospace.
• To build indigenous capabilities in VLEO satellite platforms.
• To develop integrated satellite solutions for both strategic (defense) and civilian applications.
• To combine PSU manufacturing depth with the agility of a deep-tech startup to accelerate space innovation.
How VLEO Systems Work?
VLEO refers to altitudes between 150 km and 450 km, which is significantly lower than traditional Low Earth Orbit (LEO) (500 km – 2,000 km).
• Atmospheric Interaction: At these altitudes, satellites encounter a thin atmosphere that creates significant aerodynamic drag.
• Advanced Propulsion: To prevent the satellite from falling back to Earth, Bellatrix’s specialized electric/green propulsion systems provide constant station-keeping thrust to counter the drag.
• Proximity: Being closer to the surface allows for better optical resolution and faster signal transmission back to ground stations.
Key Features of the Technology:
• Superior Imaging: Proximity to Earth allows for sub-meter resolution imaging with smaller, less expensive optical sensors.
• Ultra-Low Latency: Signals have a shorter distance to travel, making it ideal for real-time strategic communication and high-speed internet.
• Reduced Launch Costs: Deploying to a lower altitude requires less fuel/energy, potentially lowering the cost of putting assets into space.
• Self-Cleaning Orbit: If a satellite fails, the atmospheric drag naturally pulls it down into the atmosphere to burn up, significantly reducing space debris.
Significance of the Partnership:
• Strengthens India’s self-reliance in a critical emerging space domain, reducing dependence on foreign satellite platforms.
• VLEO satellites are game-changers for border surveillance and intelligence gathering due to their high-resolution capabilities.