UPSC Static Quiz – Polity : 9 October 2025

UPSC Static Quiz – Polity : 9 October 2025 We will post 5 questions daily on static topics mentioned in the UPSC civil services preliminary examination syllabus. Each week will focus on a specific topic from the syllabus, such as History of India and Indian National Movement, Indian and World Geography, and more. We are excited to bring you our daily UPSC Static Quiz, designed to help you prepare for the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination. Each day, we will post 5 questions on static topics mentioned in the UPSC syllabus. This week, we are focusing on Indian and World Geography.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question The Preamble to the Indian Constitution secures “Justice, social, economic and political”. The ideal of ‘economic justice’ primarily involves: a) Providing free legal aid to the poor. b) Ensuring equal pay for equal work for men and women. c) Non-discrimination between people on the basis of economic factors in terms of access to public office and opportunities. d) Abolition of untouchability. Correct Solution: C Economic justice, as an objective in the Preamble, aims at ensuring fairness and equity in the economic sphere. Option (c) is the most encompassing aspect of economic justice: It means that there should be no discrimination between citizens based on their economic status concerning access to public employment, opportunities for livelihood, and enjoyment of rights. It strives to bridge the gap between the rich and the poor and prevent the concentration of wealth and means of production in a few hands. Incorrect Solution: C Economic justice, as an objective in the Preamble, aims at ensuring fairness and equity in the economic sphere. Option (c) is the most encompassing aspect of economic justice: It means that there should be no discrimination between citizens based on their economic status concerning access to public employment, opportunities for livelihood, and enjoyment of rights. It strives to bridge the gap between the rich and the poor and prevent the concentration of wealth and means of production in a few hands.

#### 1. Question

The Preamble to the Indian Constitution secures “Justice, social, economic and political”. The ideal of ‘economic justice’ primarily involves:

• a) Providing free legal aid to the poor.

• b) Ensuring equal pay for equal work for men and women.

• c) Non-discrimination between people on the basis of economic factors in terms of access to public office and opportunities.

• d) Abolition of untouchability.

Solution: C

• Economic justice, as an objective in the Preamble, aims at ensuring fairness and equity in the economic sphere.

• Option (c) is the most encompassing aspect of economic justice: It means that there should be no discrimination between citizens based on their economic status concerning access to public employment, opportunities for livelihood, and enjoyment of rights. It strives to bridge the gap between the rich and the poor and prevent the concentration of wealth and means of production in a few hands.

Solution: C

• Economic justice, as an objective in the Preamble, aims at ensuring fairness and equity in the economic sphere.

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Which of the following is NOT a device of direct democracy? a) Referendum b) Initiative c) Plebiscite d) Adjournment Motion Correct Solution: D Direct democracy is a form of democracy in which people decide on policy initiatives directly, without intermediaries or elected representatives. The common devices of direct democracy include: Referendum: A procedure whereby a proposed legislation or policy is referred to the electorate for direct decision by general vote. Initiative: A method by which a prescribed number of voters can propose a law or constitutional amendment, which is then submitted to the electorate for approval. Plebiscite: A vote of the electorate on a public question or issue of political importance, often used to ascertain public opinion on a matter like territorial sovereignty. Recall, where voters can remove an elected official before the end of their term, is another device. Adjournment Motion is a parliamentary procedure available in representative democracies (like India) to draw the attention of the House to a definite matter of urgent public importance. It is a tool used by elected representatives, not a device for direct citizen participation in law-making or policy decisions. Incorrect Solution: D Direct democracy is a form of democracy in which people decide on policy initiatives directly, without intermediaries or elected representatives. The common devices of direct democracy include: Referendum: A procedure whereby a proposed legislation or policy is referred to the electorate for direct decision by general vote. Initiative: A method by which a prescribed number of voters can propose a law or constitutional amendment, which is then submitted to the electorate for approval. Plebiscite: A vote of the electorate on a public question or issue of political importance, often used to ascertain public opinion on a matter like territorial sovereignty. Recall, where voters can remove an elected official before the end of their term, is another device. Adjournment Motion is a parliamentary procedure available in representative democracies (like India) to draw the attention of the House to a definite matter of urgent public importance. It is a tool used by elected representatives, not a device for direct citizen participation in law-making or policy decisions.

#### 2. Question

Which of the following is NOT a device of direct democracy?

• a) Referendum

• b) Initiative

• c) Plebiscite

• d) Adjournment Motion

Solution: D

Direct democracy is a form of democracy in which people decide on policy initiatives directly, without intermediaries or elected representatives. The common devices of direct democracy include:

• Referendum: A procedure whereby a proposed legislation or policy is referred to the electorate for direct decision by general vote.

• Initiative: A method by which a prescribed number of voters can propose a law or constitutional amendment, which is then submitted to the electorate for approval.

• Plebiscite: A vote of the electorate on a public question or issue of political importance, often used to ascertain public opinion on a matter like territorial sovereignty. Recall, where voters can remove an elected official before the end of their term, is another device.

Adjournment Motion is a parliamentary procedure available in representative democracies (like India) to draw the attention of the House to a definite matter of urgent public importance. It is a tool used by elected representatives, not a device for direct citizen participation in law-making or policy decisions.

Solution: D

Direct democracy is a form of democracy in which people decide on policy initiatives directly, without intermediaries or elected representatives. The common devices of direct democracy include:

• Referendum: A procedure whereby a proposed legislation or policy is referred to the electorate for direct decision by general vote.

• Initiative: A method by which a prescribed number of voters can propose a law or constitutional amendment, which is then submitted to the electorate for approval.

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Which of the following statements most accurately describes the nature of the Indian Constitution? a) It is purely federal, with states enjoying ultimate sovereignty. b) It is purely unitary, with states functioning merely as administrative units of the Centre. c) It establishes a federal system with a strong unitary bias, often described as 'quasi-federal'. d) It is a confederation where states have delegated limited powers to the central authority. Correct Solution: C The Indian Constitution establishes a system that is federal in form but significantly unitary in spirit. It incorporates typical federal features such as a dual polity (Centre and States), a written Constitution, division of powers between the Centre and States (through the Union, State, and Concurrent Lists in the Seventh Schedule), supremacy of the Constitution, and an independent judiciary to interpret the Constitution and settle disputes. However, it also contains strong unitary or non-federal features, including a strong Centre, a single Constitution for both Union and States (with few exceptions), single citizenship, the flexibility of the Constitution in many parts, appointment of State Governors by the President, All-India Services, emergency provisions that can turn the federal structure into a unitary one, and Parliament’s power to alter the boundaries of States without their consent. This unique blend has led constitutional scholars like K.C. Wheare to describe India as “quasi-federal” or as a “federation with a strong centralising tendency”. Incorrect Solution: C The Indian Constitution establishes a system that is federal in form but significantly unitary in spirit. It incorporates typical federal features such as a dual polity (Centre and States), a written Constitution, division of powers between the Centre and States (through the Union, State, and Concurrent Lists in the Seventh Schedule), supremacy of the Constitution, and an independent judiciary to interpret the Constitution and settle disputes. However, it also contains strong unitary or non-federal features, including a strong Centre, a single Constitution for both Union and States (with few exceptions), single citizenship, the flexibility of the Constitution in many parts, appointment of State Governors by the President, All-India Services, emergency provisions that can turn the federal structure into a unitary one, and Parliament’s power to alter the boundaries of States without their consent. This unique blend has led constitutional scholars like K.C. Wheare to describe India as “quasi-federal” or as a “federation with a strong centralising tendency”.

#### 3. Question

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the nature of the Indian Constitution?

• a) It is purely federal, with states enjoying ultimate sovereignty.

• b) It is purely unitary, with states functioning merely as administrative units of the Centre.

• c) It establishes a federal system with a strong unitary bias, often described as 'quasi-federal'.

• d) It is a confederation where states have delegated limited powers to the central authority.

Solution: C

• The Indian Constitution establishes a system that is federal in form but significantly unitary in spirit. It incorporates typical federal features such as a dual polity (Centre and States), a written Constitution, division of powers between the Centre and States (through the Union, State, and Concurrent Lists in the Seventh Schedule), supremacy of the Constitution, and an independent judiciary to interpret the Constitution and settle disputes.

• However, it also contains strong unitary or non-federal features, including a strong Centre, a single Constitution for both Union and States (with few exceptions), single citizenship, the flexibility of the Constitution in many parts, appointment of State Governors by the President, All-India Services, emergency provisions that can turn the federal structure into a unitary one, and Parliament’s power to alter the boundaries of States without their consent. This unique blend has led constitutional scholars like K.C. Wheare to describe India as “quasi-federal” or as a “federation with a strong centralising tendency”.

Solution: C

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Which of the following accurately distinguishes a ‘representative democracy’ from a ‘direct democracy’? (a) In a representative democracy, all policy decisions are made by referendums, while in a direct democracy, policies are made by elected officials. (b) Representative democracy involves citizens electing officials to make policy decisions on their behalf, whereas direct democracy involves citizens themselves directly voting on policy initiatives. (c) Direct democracy is only feasible in large, complex societies, while representative democracy is suited for small communities. (d) Representative democracy ensures greater political stability due to expert decision-making, whereas direct democracy often leads to impulsive and unstable governance. Correct Solution: B Option (b) correctly distinguishes the two. In a representative democracy (also known as indirect democracy), citizens elect representatives (e.g., Members of Parliament) who then make policy decisions and legislate on their behalf. In a direct democracy, citizens themselves participate directly in decision-making through mechanisms like referendums, initiatives, or plebiscites on policy matters. Incorrect Solution: B Option (b) correctly distinguishes the two. In a representative democracy (also known as indirect democracy), citizens elect representatives (e.g., Members of Parliament) who then make policy decisions and legislate on their behalf. In a direct democracy, citizens themselves participate directly in decision-making through mechanisms like referendums, initiatives, or plebiscites on policy matters.

#### 4. Question

Which of the following accurately distinguishes a ‘representative democracy’ from a ‘direct democracy’?

• (a) In a representative democracy, all policy decisions are made by referendums, while in a direct democracy, policies are made by elected officials.

• (b) Representative democracy involves citizens electing officials to make policy decisions on their behalf, whereas direct democracy involves citizens themselves directly voting on policy initiatives.

• (c) Direct democracy is only feasible in large, complex societies, while representative democracy is suited for small communities.

• (d) Representative democracy ensures greater political stability due to expert decision-making, whereas direct democracy often leads to impulsive and unstable governance.

Solution: B

• Option (b) correctly distinguishes the two. In a representative democracy (also known as indirect democracy), citizens elect representatives (e.g., Members of Parliament) who then make policy decisions and legislate on their behalf. In a direct democracy, citizens themselves participate directly in decision-making through mechanisms like referendums, initiatives, or plebiscites on policy matters.

Solution: B

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Consider the following statements: In a federal system, powers are divided between the national government and regional governments by the constitution itself, and both operate in their respective jurisdictions independently. The United Kingdom has a federal system of government. The United States of America has a unitary system of government. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: A Statement 1 is correct. A federal system is characterized by a division of powers between a national (federal) government and several regional (state) governments. This division is typically enshrined in the constitution, and both levels of government are coordinate and operate independently within their allocated spheres of authority. Statement 2 is incorrect. The United Kingdom is a classic example of a unitary state. While it has devolved powers to Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, the ultimate sovereignty resides with the UK Parliament in Westminster, which can, in theory, legislate for any part of the UK and even abolish the devolved assemblies. Incorrect Solution: A Statement 1 is correct. A federal system is characterized by a division of powers between a national (federal) government and several regional (state) governments. This division is typically enshrined in the constitution, and both levels of government are coordinate and operate independently within their allocated spheres of authority. Statement 2 is incorrect. The United Kingdom is a classic example of a unitary state. While it has devolved powers to Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, the ultimate sovereignty resides with the UK Parliament in Westminster, which can, in theory, legislate for any part of the UK and even abolish the devolved assemblies.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements:

• In a federal system, powers are divided between the national government and regional governments by the constitution itself, and both operate in their respective jurisdictions independently.

• The United Kingdom has a federal system of government.

• The United States of America has a unitary system of government.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: A

Statement 1 is correct. A federal system is characterized by a division of powers between a national (federal) government and several regional (state) governments. This division is typically enshrined in the constitution, and both levels of government are coordinate and operate independently within their allocated spheres of authority.

Statement 2 is incorrect. The United Kingdom is a classic example of a unitary state. While it has devolved powers to Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, the ultimate sovereignty resides with the UK Parliament in Westminster, which can, in theory, legislate for any part of the UK and even abolish the devolved assemblies.

Solution: A

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