UPSC STATIC QUIZ – POLITY : 8 April 2024

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We will post 5 questions daily on static topics mentioned in the UPSC civil services preliminary examination syllabus. Each week will focus on a specific topic from the syllabus, such as History of India and Indian National Movement, Indian and World Geography, and more.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question The notion of ‘Freedom’, in a society, implies Absence of external constraints Conditions in which people can develop their talents All decisions are made collectively How many of the above statements is/are incorrect? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: a) Statement 3 is incorrect. Both the aspects of freedom — the absence of external constraints as well as the existence of conditions in which people can develop their talents — are important. A free society would be one which enables all its members to develop their potential with the minimum of social constraints. In order to be free, an individual should be able to make decisions individually, with a support of collective decision-making in which no one individual dominates the others. Incorrect Solution: a) Statement 3 is incorrect. Both the aspects of freedom — the absence of external constraints as well as the existence of conditions in which people can develop their talents — are important. A free society would be one which enables all its members to develop their potential with the minimum of social constraints. In order to be free, an individual should be able to make decisions individually, with a support of collective decision-making in which no one individual dominates the others.

#### 1. Question

The notion of ‘Freedom’, in a society, implies

• Absence of external constraints

• Conditions in which people can develop their talents

• All decisions are made collectively

How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: a)

Statement 3 is incorrect.

Both the aspects of freedom — the absence of external constraints as well as the existence of conditions in which people can develop their talents — are important. A free society would be one which enables all its members to develop their potential with the minimum of social constraints.

In order to be free, an individual should be able to make decisions individually, with a support of collective decision-making in which no one individual dominates the others.

Solution: a)

Statement 3 is incorrect.

In order to be free, an individual should be able to make decisions individually, with a support of collective decision-making in which no one individual dominates the others.

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Consider the following statements regarding the word ‘sovereignty’ used in India’s Constitution. The word sovereignty appears in the beginning of the Preambleto the Constitution of India. Sovereignty is mentioned in the Constitution under Fundamental Duties. It is also mentioned in the oaths for positions like the Chief Justices, Union Ministers and Members of Parliament under the Third schedule of the Constitution. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: c) The word sovereignty appears in the beginning of the Preamble to the Constitution of India, as the first attribute of the independent republic of India. Its placement as the first among the core principles of the republic underlines its importance in the Constitution. Sovereignty is mentioned in the Constitution under Fundamental Duties, which are to be followed by all Indian citizens but cannot be legally enforced. Article 51A(c) states that it is the duty of all citizens “to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.” It is also mentioned in the oaths for positions like the Chief Justices, Union Ministers and Members of Parliament under the Third schedule: “…I will bear true faith and allegiance to the Constitution of India as by law established, that I will uphold the sovereignty and integrity of India…” Incorrect Solution: c) The word sovereignty appears in the beginning of the Preamble to the Constitution of India, as the first attribute of the independent republic of India. Its placement as the first among the core principles of the republic underlines its importance in the Constitution. Sovereignty is mentioned in the Constitution under Fundamental Duties, which are to be followed by all Indian citizens but cannot be legally enforced. Article 51A(c) states that it is the duty of all citizens “to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.” It is also mentioned in the oaths for positions like the Chief Justices, Union Ministers and Members of Parliament under the Third schedule: “…I will bear true faith and allegiance to the Constitution of India as by law established, that I will uphold the sovereignty and integrity of India…”

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the word ‘sovereignty’ used in India’s Constitution.

• The word sovereignty appears in the beginning of the Preambleto the Constitution of India.

• Sovereignty is mentioned in the Constitution under Fundamental Duties.

• It is also mentioned in the oaths for positions like the Chief Justices, Union Ministers and Members of Parliament under the Third schedule of the Constitution.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: c)

The word sovereignty appears in the beginning of the Preamble to the Constitution of India, as the first attribute of the independent republic of India. Its placement as the first among the core principles of the republic underlines its importance in the Constitution.

Sovereignty is mentioned in the Constitution under Fundamental Duties, which are to be followed by all Indian citizens but cannot be legally enforced. Article 51A(c) states that it is the duty of all citizens “to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.”

It is also mentioned in the oaths for positions like the Chief Justices, Union Ministers and Members of Parliament under the Third schedule: “…I will bear true faith and allegiance to the Constitution of India as by law established, that I will uphold the sovereignty and integrity of India…”

Solution: c)

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Which of the following conditions precedent for the successful working of Democracy? Equality of law and administration Avoidance of tyranny of majority over minority Presence of an opposition Functioning of moral order in society Public conscience How many of the above options are correct? a) Only two b) Only three c) Only four d) All five Correct Solution: d) Conditions Precedent for the Successful Working of Democracy: Absence of glaring inequalities Presence of an opposition Equality of law and administration Observance of constitutional morality Avoidance of tyranny of majority over minority A functioning of moral order in society Public conscience Incorrect Solution: d) Conditions Precedent for the Successful Working of Democracy: Absence of glaring inequalities Presence of an opposition Equality of law and administration Observance of constitutional morality Avoidance of tyranny of majority over minority A functioning of moral order in society Public conscience

#### 3. Question

Which of the following conditions precedent for the successful working of Democracy?

• Equality of law and administration

• Avoidance of tyranny of majority over minority

• Presence of an opposition

• Functioning of moral order in society

• Public conscience

How many of the above options are correct?

• a) Only two

• b) Only three

• c) Only four

• d) All five

Solution: d)

Conditions Precedent for the Successful Working of Democracy:

• Absence of glaring inequalities

• Presence of an opposition

• Equality of law and administration

• Observance of constitutional morality

• Avoidance of tyranny of majority over minority

• A functioning of moral order in society

• Public conscience

Solution: d)

Conditions Precedent for the Successful Working of Democracy:

• Absence of glaring inequalities

• Presence of an opposition

• Equality of law and administration

• Observance of constitutional morality

• Avoidance of tyranny of majority over minority

• A functioning of moral order in society

• Public conscience

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question The Indian model of government is also called as the “Westminster‟ model of government because a) The members of the parliamentary house are elected through adult franchise b) Indian constitution was made with the assistance of the British c) India follows parliamentary form of government d) Indian constitution was modelled very closely on the lines of the British constitution Correct Solution: c) Westminster is a place in London where the British Parliament is located. It is often used as a symbol of the British Parliament. The Parliament is the legislative organ of the Union government. It occupies a pre-eminent and central position in the Indian democratic political system due to adoption of the parliamentary form of government, also known as ‘Westminster‘ model of government. Incorrect Solution: c) Westminster is a place in London where the British Parliament is located. It is often used as a symbol of the British Parliament. The Parliament is the legislative organ of the Union government. It occupies a pre-eminent and central position in the Indian democratic political system due to adoption of the parliamentary form of government, also known as ‘Westminster‘ model of government.

#### 4. Question

The Indian model of government is also called as the “Westminster‟ model of government because

• a) The members of the parliamentary house are elected through adult franchise

• b) Indian constitution was made with the assistance of the British

• c) India follows parliamentary form of government

• d) Indian constitution was modelled very closely on the lines of the British constitution

Solution: c)

Westminster is a place in London where the British Parliament is located. It is often used as a symbol of the British Parliament.

The Parliament is the legislative organ of the Union government. It occupies a pre-eminent and central position in the Indian democratic political system due to adoption of the parliamentary form of government, also known as ‘Westminster‘ model of government.

Solution: c)

Westminster is a place in London where the British Parliament is located. It is often used as a symbol of the British Parliament.

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Consider the following statements regarding the Provisions in Indian Constitution. The principle of Equality prohibits the State from discrimination against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex and place of birth. Constitution provides for reservation of posts in favour of any backward class of citizens, which in the opinion of the State, is not adequately represented in the services under the State. Constitution empowers the State to make any provision for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. How many of the above statements is/are incorrect? (a) Only one (b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: d) Provisions of the Constitution: The relevant Constitutional provisions stand on two legs, which are mutually supportive. On the one hand, there is the principle of Equality, which prohibits the State from discrimination against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them under Article 15(1), and guarantees “equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State” under Article 16(1), in addition to prohibition against discrimination against any citizen on the same grounds as in Article 15(1), specifically with respect to employment or appointment under the State. The other leg is the special provisions, which under Article 15(4) empowers the State to “make any provision for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes”, and under Article 16(4) provides “for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any backward class of citizens, which in the opinion of the State, is not adequately represented in the services under the State”. Incorrect Solution: d) Provisions of the Constitution: The relevant Constitutional provisions stand on two legs, which are mutually supportive. On the one hand, there is the principle of Equality, which prohibits the State from discrimination against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them under Article 15(1), and guarantees “equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State” under Article 16(1), in addition to prohibition against discrimination against any citizen on the same grounds as in Article 15(1), specifically with respect to employment or appointment under the State. The other leg is the special provisions, which under Article 15(4) empowers the State to “make any provision for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes”, and under Article 16(4) provides “for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any backward class of citizens, which in the opinion of the State, is not adequately represented in the services under the State”.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Provisions in Indian Constitution.

• The principle of Equality prohibits the State from discrimination against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex and place of birth.

• Constitution provides for reservation of posts in favour of any backward class of citizens, which in the opinion of the State, is not adequately represented in the services under the State.

• Constitution empowers the State to make any provision for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.

How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: d)

Provisions of the Constitution:

• The relevant Constitutional provisions stand on two legs, which are mutually supportive. On the one hand, there is the principle of Equality, which prohibits the State from discrimination against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them under Article 15(1), and guarantees “equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State” under Article 16(1), in addition to prohibition against discrimination against any citizen on the same grounds as in Article 15(1), specifically with respect to employment or appointment under the State.

• The other leg is the special provisions, which under Article 15(4) empowers the State to “make any provision for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes”, and under Article 16(4) provides “for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any backward class of citizens, which in the opinion of the State, is not adequately represented in the services under the State”.

Solution: d)

Provisions of the Constitution:

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