UPSC Static Quiz – Polity : 29 October 2025

UPSC Static Quiz – Polity : 29 October 2025 We will post 5 questions daily on static topics mentioned in the UPSC civil services preliminary examination syllabus. Each week will focus on a specific topic from the syllabus, such as History of India and Indian National Movement, Indian and World Geography, and more. We are excited to bring you our daily UPSC Static Quiz, designed to help you prepare for the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination. Each day, we will post 5 questions on static topics mentioned in the UPSC syllabus. This week, we are focusing on Indian and World Geography.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Which of the following are included in the original jurisdiction of a High Court? Disputes relating to the election of members of Parliament and state legislatures. Matters of admiralty and contempt of court. Enforcement of Fundamental Rights of citizens. Disputes between two or more states. Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 and 4 only (c) 1, 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4 Correct Solution: C The original jurisdiction of a court means the power to hear a dispute in the first instance, not by way of appeal. Statement 1 is correct. High Courts have original jurisdiction to hear election petitions challenging the election of Members of Parliament and Members of State Legislatures. Statement 2 is correct. High Courts have original jurisdiction in matters of admiralty, will, marriage, divorce, and company laws. They also have the power to punish for their contempt as a ‘Court of Record’ under Article 215. Statement 3 is correct. Under Article 226, a citizen can directly approach the High Court for the enforcement of their Fundamental Rights, making it part of the High Court’s original jurisdiction. This jurisdiction is concurrent with the Supreme Court’s jurisdiction under Article 32. Statement 4 is incorrect. Disputes between two or more states fall under the exclusive original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court under Article 131. High Courts do not have the jurisdiction to entertain such disputes. Incorrect Solution: C The original jurisdiction of a court means the power to hear a dispute in the first instance, not by way of appeal. Statement 1 is correct. High Courts have original jurisdiction to hear election petitions challenging the election of Members of Parliament and Members of State Legislatures. Statement 2 is correct. High Courts have original jurisdiction in matters of admiralty, will, marriage, divorce, and company laws. They also have the power to punish for their contempt as a ‘Court of Record’ under Article 215. Statement 3 is correct. Under Article 226, a citizen can directly approach the High Court for the enforcement of their Fundamental Rights, making it part of the High Court’s original jurisdiction. This jurisdiction is concurrent with the Supreme Court’s jurisdiction under Article 32. Statement 4 is incorrect. Disputes between two or more states fall under the exclusive original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court under Article 131. High Courts do not have the jurisdiction to entertain such disputes.

#### 1. Question

Which of the following are included in the original jurisdiction of a High Court?

• Disputes relating to the election of members of Parliament and state legislatures.

• Matters of admiralty and contempt of court.

• Enforcement of Fundamental Rights of citizens.

• Disputes between two or more states.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

• (a) 1 and 3 only

• (b) 2 and 4 only

• (c) 1, 2 and 3 only

• (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Solution: C

The original jurisdiction of a court means the power to hear a dispute in the first instance, not by way of appeal.

Statement 1 is correct. High Courts have original jurisdiction to hear election petitions challenging the election of Members of Parliament and Members of State Legislatures.

Statement 2 is correct. High Courts have original jurisdiction in matters of admiralty, will, marriage, divorce, and company laws. They also have the power to punish for their contempt as a ‘Court of Record’ under Article 215.

Statement 3 is correct. Under Article 226, a citizen can directly approach the High Court for the enforcement of their Fundamental Rights, making it part of the High Court’s original jurisdiction. This jurisdiction is concurrent with the Supreme Court’s jurisdiction under Article 32.

Statement 4 is incorrect. Disputes between two or more states fall under the exclusive original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court under Article 131. High Courts do not have the jurisdiction to entertain such disputes.

Solution: C

The original jurisdiction of a court means the power to hear a dispute in the first instance, not by way of appeal.

Statement 1 is correct. High Courts have original jurisdiction to hear election petitions challenging the election of Members of Parliament and Members of State Legislatures.

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question The adoption of representative democracy in India was primarily influenced by: The vast size and population of the country. The diverse nature of Indian society. The historical experience of governance under British rule which introduced elements of representative institutions. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three d) None Correct Solution: C Vast size and population: For a country as large and populous as India, conducting direct democracy where all citizens participate in every major decision is practically unfeasible. Representative democracy provides a manageable system for governance. Diverse nature of Indian society: India’s immense diversity in terms of language, religion, culture, and socio-economic conditions makes it challenging to achieve consensus through direct participation on all issues. A representative system allows for the aggregation and articulation of diverse interests through elected officials. 3. Historical experience: The British gradually introduced elements of representative institutions in India through various Government of India Acts (e.g., 1909, 1919, 1935). This historical familiarity with electoral processes and legislative bodies, however limited and flawed under colonial rule, provided a foundation upon which post-independence India could build its own democratic framework. The framers of the Constitution were well-versed with these systems. All three factors played a significant role in India’s choice of a representative democratic system. Incorrect Solution: C Vast size and population: For a country as large and populous as India, conducting direct democracy where all citizens participate in every major decision is practically unfeasible. Representative democracy provides a manageable system for governance. Diverse nature of Indian society: India’s immense diversity in terms of language, religion, culture, and socio-economic conditions makes it challenging to achieve consensus through direct participation on all issues. A representative system allows for the aggregation and articulation of diverse interests through elected officials. 3. Historical experience: The British gradually introduced elements of representative institutions in India through various Government of India Acts (e.g., 1909, 1919, 1935). This historical familiarity with electoral processes and legislative bodies, however limited and flawed under colonial rule, provided a foundation upon which post-independence India could build its own democratic framework. The framers of the Constitution were well-versed with these systems. All three factors played a significant role in India’s choice of a representative democratic system.

#### 2. Question

The adoption of representative democracy in India was primarily influenced by:

• The vast size and population of the country.

• The diverse nature of Indian society.

• The historical experience of governance under British rule which introduced elements of representative institutions.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: C

• Vast size and population: For a country as large and populous as India, conducting direct democracy where all citizens participate in every major decision is practically unfeasible. Representative democracy provides a manageable system for governance.

• Diverse nature of Indian society: India’s immense diversity in terms of language, religion, culture, and socio-economic conditions makes it challenging to achieve consensus through direct participation on all issues. A representative system allows for the aggregation and articulation of diverse interests through elected officials.

3. Historical experience: The British gradually introduced elements of representative institutions in India through various Government of India Acts (e.g., 1909, 1919, 1935). This historical familiarity with electoral processes and legislative bodies, however limited and flawed under colonial rule, provided a foundation upon which post-independence India could build its own democratic framework. The framers of the Constitution were well-versed with these systems. All three factors played a significant role in India’s choice of a representative democratic system.

Solution: C

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Consider the following statements. Statement-I: India chose to become a Republic even while deciding to remain a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, whose head was the British Monarch. Statement-II: Membership of the Commonwealth of Nations necessarily requires allegiance to the British Monarch as the Head of State of the member country. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: C Statement-I is correct. India, upon becoming independent, decided to adopt a republican form of government with an elected President as its Head of State. Simultaneously, India chose to continue its membership in the Commonwealth of Nations. This was a unique political arrangement at the time, as the Commonwealth was historically associated with allegiance to the British Crown. Statement-II is incorrect. While historically, Commonwealth membership implied allegiance to the British Monarch as Head of State, the London Declaration of 1949 modified this. It allowed India, and subsequently other nations, to become republics and still be members of the Commonwealth, recognizing the Monarch only as a symbol of the free association of its independent member nations and as such the Head of the Commonwealth. This does not impinge on the sovereignty or republican status of member states like India. Incorrect Solution: C Statement-I is correct. India, upon becoming independent, decided to adopt a republican form of government with an elected President as its Head of State. Simultaneously, India chose to continue its membership in the Commonwealth of Nations. This was a unique political arrangement at the time, as the Commonwealth was historically associated with allegiance to the British Crown. Statement-II is incorrect. While historically, Commonwealth membership implied allegiance to the British Monarch as Head of State, the London Declaration of 1949 modified this. It allowed India, and subsequently other nations, to become republics and still be members of the Commonwealth, recognizing the Monarch only as a symbol of the free association of its independent member nations and as such the Head of the Commonwealth. This does not impinge on the sovereignty or republican status of member states like India.

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements.

Statement-I: India chose to become a Republic even while deciding to remain a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, whose head was the British Monarch.

Statement-II: Membership of the Commonwealth of Nations necessarily requires allegiance to the British Monarch as the Head of State of the member country.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

• (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Solution: C

Statement-I is correct. India, upon becoming independent, decided to adopt a republican form of government with an elected President as its Head of State. Simultaneously, India chose to continue its membership in the Commonwealth of Nations. This was a unique political arrangement at the time, as the Commonwealth was historically associated with allegiance to the British Crown.

Statement-II is incorrect. While historically, Commonwealth membership implied allegiance to the British Monarch as Head of State, the London Declaration of 1949 modified this. It allowed India, and subsequently other nations, to become republics and still be members of the Commonwealth, recognizing the Monarch only as a symbol of the free association of its independent member nations and as such the Head of the Commonwealth. This does not impinge on the sovereignty or republican status of member states like India.

Solution: C

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Match List-I (Term) with List-II (Characteristic associated with Head of State) and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists: List-I (Term) List-II (Characteristic) A. Republic 1. Hereditary succession B. Monarchy 2. Elected for a fixed term C. Indian President D. British Monarch Select the correct answer Codes: a) A-1, B-2, C-1, D-2 b) A-2, B-1, C-2, D-1 c) A-2, B-1, C-1, D-2 d) A-1, B-2, C-2, D-1 Correct Solution: B Republic (2. Elected for a fixed term): A key feature of a republic is that its head of state is elected, usually for a defined period. Monarchy (1. Hereditary succession): In a monarchy, the position of the head of state is typically passed down through inheritance. Indian President (2. Elected for a fixed term): The President of India is the head of state and is elected indirectly for a fixed term of five years, embodying the republican nature of India. D. British Monarch (1. Hereditary succession): The British Monarch (King/Queen) ascends to the throne through hereditary succession, which is characteristic of a monarchy. Incorrect Solution: B Republic (2. Elected for a fixed term): A key feature of a republic is that its head of state is elected, usually for a defined period. Monarchy (1. Hereditary succession): In a monarchy, the position of the head of state is typically passed down through inheritance. Indian President (2. Elected for a fixed term): The President of India is the head of state and is elected indirectly for a fixed term of five years, embodying the republican nature of India. D. British Monarch (1. Hereditary succession): The British Monarch (King/Queen) ascends to the throne through hereditary succession, which is characteristic of a monarchy.

#### 4. Question

Match List-I (Term) with List-II (Characteristic associated with Head of State) and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists:

List-I (Term) | List-II (Characteristic)

A. Republic | 1. Hereditary succession

B. Monarchy | 2. Elected for a fixed term

C. Indian President |

D. British Monarch |

Select the correct answer Codes:

• a) A-1, B-2, C-1, D-2

• b) A-2, B-1, C-2, D-1

• c) A-2, B-1, C-1, D-2

• d) A-1, B-2, C-2, D-1

Solution: B

• Republic (2. Elected for a fixed term): A key feature of a republic is that its head of state is elected, usually for a defined period.

• Monarchy (1. Hereditary succession): In a monarchy, the position of the head of state is typically passed down through inheritance.

• Indian President (2. Elected for a fixed term): The President of India is the head of state and is elected indirectly for a fixed term of five years, embodying the republican nature of India.

D. British Monarch (1. Hereditary succession): The British Monarch (King/Queen) ascends to the throne through hereditary succession, which is characteristic of a monarchy.

Solution: B

• Republic (2. Elected for a fixed term): A key feature of a republic is that its head of state is elected, usually for a defined period.

• Monarchy (1. Hereditary succession): In a monarchy, the position of the head of state is typically passed down through inheritance.

• Indian President (2. Elected for a fixed term): The President of India is the head of state and is elected indirectly for a fixed term of five years, embodying the republican nature of India.

D. British Monarch (1. Hereditary succession): The British Monarch (King/Queen) ascends to the throne through hereditary succession, which is characteristic of a monarchy.

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Match List-I (Term in Preamble) with List-II (Broad Meaning) and List-III (Implication/Source of Inspiration). List-I (Term) List-II (Meaning) List-III (Implication/Source) A. Socialist 1. State has no official religion; equal respect for all religions. P. Inspired by Russian Revolution (for economic justice). B. Secular 2. Head of State is elected. Q. Ensures democratic participation and accountability. C. Democratic 3. Aims to end poverty, ignorance, disease, inequality of opportunity. R. Added by 42nd Amendment; positive concept in India. D. Republic 4. Government based on the will of the people. S. India’s Head of State is not hereditary. Select the correct answer Code: a) A-3-P, B-1-R, C-4-Q, D-2-S b) A-1-R, B-3-P, C-2-S, D-4-Q c) A-3-P, B-4-Q, C-1-R, D-2-S d) A-4-Q, B-1-R, C-3-P, D-2-S Correct Solution: A Socialist (3-P): The term ‘Socialist’ in the Indian context (added by the 42nd Amendment) broadly aims to achieve social and economic equality, end poverty, ignorance, disease, and inequality of opportunity. While Indian socialism is a blend (democratic socialism, not communist), the ideal of economic justice has historical links to socialist thought, including inspirations like the Russian Revolution for aspects of economic justice. Secular (1-R): ‘Secular’ means the State has no official religion and accords equal respect and support to all religions. This was also added by the 42nd Amendment. India follows a positive concept of secularism. Democratic (4-Q): ‘Democratic’ signifies that the government is based on the will of the people, who exercise their power through elected representatives. This ensures popular participation and accountability of the government. Republic (2-S): ‘Republic’ means the Head of State is an elected individual, not a hereditary monarch. The President of India is elected, signifying that India’s Head of State is not hereditary. Incorrect Solution: A Socialist (3-P): The term ‘Socialist’ in the Indian context (added by the 42nd Amendment) broadly aims to achieve social and economic equality, end poverty, ignorance, disease, and inequality of opportunity. While Indian socialism is a blend (democratic socialism, not communist), the ideal of economic justice has historical links to socialist thought, including inspirations like the Russian Revolution for aspects of economic justice. Secular (1-R): ‘Secular’ means the State has no official religion and accords equal respect and support to all religions. This was also added by the 42nd Amendment. India follows a positive concept of secularism. Democratic (4-Q): ‘Democratic’ signifies that the government is based on the will of the people, who exercise their power through elected representatives. This ensures popular participation and accountability of the government. Republic (2-S): ‘Republic’ means the Head of State is an elected individual, not a hereditary monarch. The President of India is elected, signifying that India’s Head of State is not hereditary.

#### 5. Question

Match List-I (Term in Preamble) with List-II (Broad Meaning) and List-III (Implication/Source of Inspiration).

List-I (Term) | List-II (Meaning) | List-III (Implication/Source)

A. Socialist | 1. State has no official religion; equal respect for all religions. | P. Inspired by Russian Revolution (for economic justice).

B. Secular | 2. Head of State is elected. | Q. Ensures democratic participation and accountability.

C. Democratic | 3. Aims to end poverty, ignorance, disease, inequality of opportunity. | R. Added by 42nd Amendment; positive concept in India.

D. Republic | 4. Government based on the will of the people. | S. India’s Head of State is not hereditary.

Select the correct answer Code:

• a) A-3-P, B-1-R, C-4-Q, D-2-S

• b) A-1-R, B-3-P, C-2-S, D-4-Q

• c) A-3-P, B-4-Q, C-1-R, D-2-S

• d) A-4-Q, B-1-R, C-3-P, D-2-S

Solution: A

• Socialist (3-P): The term ‘Socialist’ in the Indian context (added by the 42nd Amendment) broadly aims to achieve social and economic equality, end poverty, ignorance, disease, and inequality of opportunity. While Indian socialism is a blend (democratic socialism, not communist), the ideal of economic justice has historical links to socialist thought, including inspirations like the Russian Revolution for aspects of economic justice.

• Secular (1-R): ‘Secular’ means the State has no official religion and accords equal respect and support to all religions. This was also added by the 42nd Amendment. India follows a positive concept of secularism.

• Democratic (4-Q): ‘Democratic’ signifies that the government is based on the will of the people, who exercise their power through elected representatives. This ensures popular participation and accountability of the government.

• Republic (2-S): ‘Republic’ means the Head of State is an elected individual, not a hereditary monarch. The President of India is elected, signifying that India’s Head of State is not hereditary.

Solution: A

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