UPSC Static Quiz – Polity : 24 February 2026

UPSC Static Quiz – Polity : 24 February 2026 We will post 5 questions daily on static topics mentioned in the UPSC civil services preliminary examination syllabus. Each week will focus on a specific topic from the syllabus, such as History of India and Indian National Movement, Indian and World Geography, and more. We are excited to bring you our daily UPSC Static Quiz, designed to help you prepare for the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination. Each day, we will post 5 questions on static topics mentioned in the UPSC syllabus. This week, we are focusing on Indian and World Geography.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Consider the following statements about the Objective Resolution and its significance: The Objective Resolution formed the basis for the Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution. It was the first major step toward drafting the Constitution of India. The resolution called for the establishment of a sovereign, democratic, and republic state. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 1 and 2 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1 and 3 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Correct Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect. The Objective Resolution articulated broad guarantees such as justice, equality, and freedom. However, it did not directly draft or structurally frame the Fundamental Rights chapter. Its primary and direct influence was on the Preamble and the overall constitutional philosophy. The detailed formulation of Fundamental Rights was later undertaken by committees of the Constituent Assembly of India, particularly the Advisory Committee and the Drafting Committee. Therefore, it is not fully accurate to say that it “formed the basis” of Fundamental Rights in a direct sense. Statement 2 is correct. The Objective Resolution, moved by Jawaharlal Nehru in December 1946, was the first major substantive declaration regarding the aims and structure of the future Constitution. Although procedural steps toward constitution-making had begun earlier, this Resolution marked the first comprehensive articulation of the constitutional vision. Statement 3 is correct. The Resolution declared that India would be an independent sovereign republic and would be governed by democratic principles. These ideas were later incorporated into the Preamble of the Constitution. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect. The Objective Resolution articulated broad guarantees such as justice, equality, and freedom. However, it did not directly draft or structurally frame the Fundamental Rights chapter. Its primary and direct influence was on the Preamble and the overall constitutional philosophy. The detailed formulation of Fundamental Rights was later undertaken by committees of the Constituent Assembly of India, particularly the Advisory Committee and the Drafting Committee. Therefore, it is not fully accurate to say that it “formed the basis” of Fundamental Rights in a direct sense. Statement 2 is correct. The Objective Resolution, moved by Jawaharlal Nehru in December 1946, was the first major substantive declaration regarding the aims and structure of the future Constitution. Although procedural steps toward constitution-making had begun earlier, this Resolution marked the first comprehensive articulation of the constitutional vision. Statement 3 is correct. The Resolution declared that India would be an independent sovereign republic and would be governed by democratic principles. These ideas were later incorporated into the Preamble of the Constitution.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements about the Objective Resolution and its significance:

• The Objective Resolution formed the basis for the Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution.

• It was the first major step toward drafting the Constitution of India.

• The resolution called for the establishment of a sovereign, democratic, and republic state.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) 1 and 2 only

• b) 2 and 3 only

• c) 1 and 3 only

• d) 1, 2, and 3

Solution: b)

• Statement 1 is incorrect. The Objective Resolution articulated broad guarantees such as justice, equality, and freedom. However, it did not directly draft or structurally frame the Fundamental Rights chapter. Its primary and direct influence was on the Preamble and the overall constitutional philosophy. The detailed formulation of Fundamental Rights was later undertaken by committees of the Constituent Assembly of India, particularly the Advisory Committee and the Drafting Committee. Therefore, it is not fully accurate to say that it “formed the basis” of Fundamental Rights in a direct sense.

• Statement 2 is correct. The Objective Resolution, moved by Jawaharlal Nehru in December 1946, was the first major substantive declaration regarding the aims and structure of the future Constitution. Although procedural steps toward constitution-making had begun earlier, this Resolution marked the first comprehensive articulation of the constitutional vision.

• Statement 3 is correct. The Resolution declared that India would be an independent sovereign republic and would be governed by democratic principles. These ideas were later incorporated into the Preamble of the Constitution.

Solution: b)

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Consider the following statements regarding the dissolution of the Lok Sabha: The Prime Minister can dissolve the Lok Sabha without the President’s approval. The Lok Sabha can be dissolved before the expiry of its term. The dissolution of the Lok Sabha leads to new general elections. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 1 and 3 only b) 3 only c) 1 and 2 only d) 2 and 3 only Correct Solution: d) Statement 1 is incorrect. Under the Constitution of India, the power to dissolve the Lok Sabha formally rests with the President under Article 85. The Prime Minister does not possess an independent constitutional authority to dissolve the Lok Sabha. In practice, the President acts on the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister, as mandated by Article 74. However, this does not mean the Prime Minister can dissolve the Lok Sabha without the President’s approval; the dissolution is constitutionally executed by the President. Statement 2 is correct. The normal tenure of the Lok Sabha is five years from the date of its first sitting, as provided under Article 83(2), unless dissolved sooner. The phrase “unless sooner dissolved” clearly indicates that the Lok Sabha can be dissolved before the completion of its full five-year term. This may happen in cases such as loss of majority, political instability, or when the government seeks a fresh mandate. Statement 3 is correct. Dissolution of the Lok Sabha terminates its existence and necessitates fresh general elections so that a new House of the People can be constituted. The Election Commission of India conducts these elections to reconstitute the lower house of Parliament. Incorrect Solution: d) Statement 1 is incorrect. Under the Constitution of India, the power to dissolve the Lok Sabha formally rests with the President under Article 85. The Prime Minister does not possess an independent constitutional authority to dissolve the Lok Sabha. In practice, the President acts on the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister, as mandated by Article 74. However, this does not mean the Prime Minister can dissolve the Lok Sabha without the President’s approval; the dissolution is constitutionally executed by the President. Statement 2 is correct. The normal tenure of the Lok Sabha is five years from the date of its first sitting, as provided under Article 83(2), unless dissolved sooner. The phrase “unless sooner dissolved” clearly indicates that the Lok Sabha can be dissolved before the completion of its full five-year term. This may happen in cases such as loss of majority, political instability, or when the government seeks a fresh mandate. Statement 3 is correct. Dissolution of the Lok Sabha terminates its existence and necessitates fresh general elections so that a new House of the People can be constituted. The Election Commission of India conducts these elections to reconstitute the lower house of Parliament.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the dissolution of the Lok Sabha:

• The Prime Minister can dissolve the Lok Sabha without the President’s approval.

• The Lok Sabha can be dissolved before the expiry of its term.

• The dissolution of the Lok Sabha leads to new general elections.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) 1 and 3 only

• c) 1 and 2 only

• d) 2 and 3 only

Solution: d)

• Statement 1 is incorrect. Under the Constitution of India, the power to dissolve the Lok Sabha formally rests with the President under Article 85. The Prime Minister does not possess an independent constitutional authority to dissolve the Lok Sabha. In practice, the President acts on the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister, as mandated by Article 74. However, this does not mean the Prime Minister can dissolve the Lok Sabha without the President’s approval; the dissolution is constitutionally executed by the President.

• Statement 2 is correct. The normal tenure of the Lok Sabha is five years from the date of its first sitting, as provided under Article 83(2), unless dissolved sooner. The phrase “unless sooner dissolved” clearly indicates that the Lok Sabha can be dissolved before the completion of its full five-year term. This may happen in cases such as loss of majority, political instability, or when the government seeks a fresh mandate.

Statement 3 is correct. Dissolution of the Lok Sabha terminates its existence and necessitates fresh general elections so that a new House of the People can be constituted. The Election Commission of India conducts these elections to reconstitute the lower house of Parliament.

Solution: d)

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question How does the parliamentary system prevent legislative-executive conflict, which is often seen in the Presidential system like in the USA? a) By giving absolute powers to the executive b) By separating the powers of the legislature and the judiciary c) By ensuring interdependence between the legislature and executive d) By making the judiciary part of the executive Correct Solution: c) The parliamentary system is based on a close and organic relationship between the legislature and the executive. The executive (Council of Ministers) is drawn from the legislature and remains collectively responsible to the lower house. This means the government must retain the confidence of the majority in the legislature to continue in office. Because the executive depends on legislative support for survival, and the legislature can remove the executive through mechanisms such as a no-confidence motion, both organs function in a relationship of mutual dependence. This interdependence minimizes the chances of deadlock or prolonged conflict between the two branches. Unlike the presidential system—such as in the United States—where the executive and legislature are separately elected and may belong to different political parties (leading to policy gridlock), the parliamentary model encourages coordination and policy alignment. Incorrect Solution: c) The parliamentary system is based on a close and organic relationship between the legislature and the executive. The executive (Council of Ministers) is drawn from the legislature and remains collectively responsible to the lower house. This means the government must retain the confidence of the majority in the legislature to continue in office. Because the executive depends on legislative support for survival, and the legislature can remove the executive through mechanisms such as a no-confidence motion, both organs function in a relationship of mutual dependence. This interdependence minimizes the chances of deadlock or prolonged conflict between the two branches. Unlike the presidential system—such as in the United States—where the executive and legislature are separately elected and may belong to different political parties (leading to policy gridlock), the parliamentary model encourages coordination and policy alignment.

#### 3. Question

How does the parliamentary system prevent legislative-executive conflict, which is often seen in the Presidential system like in the USA?

• a) By giving absolute powers to the executive

• b) By separating the powers of the legislature and the judiciary

• c) By ensuring interdependence between the legislature and executive

• d) By making the judiciary part of the executive

Solution: c)

• The parliamentary system is based on a close and organic relationship between the legislature and the executive. The executive (Council of Ministers) is drawn from the legislature and remains collectively responsible to the lower house. This means the government must retain the confidence of the majority in the legislature to continue in office. Because the executive depends on legislative support for survival, and the legislature can remove the executive through mechanisms such as a no-confidence motion, both organs function in a relationship of mutual dependence.

• This interdependence minimizes the chances of deadlock or prolonged conflict between the two branches. Unlike the presidential system—such as in the United States—where the executive and legislature are separately elected and may belong to different political parties (leading to policy gridlock), the parliamentary model encourages coordination and policy alignment.

Solution: c)

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Which of the following ideally should not be features of a democratic polity? Military can take over civilian institutions if they fail to deliver on democratic hopes Censorship of the press The Government should not be run by non-elected individuals. Select the correct answer code: a) 1, 2 b) 2, 3 c) 1, 3 d) 1, 2, 3 Correct Solution: a) Statement 1 should not be a feature of a democratic polity. In a democracy, civilian supremacy over the military is a foundational principle. The armed forces are subject to the authority of elected representatives, and any military takeover of civilian institutions—regardless of perceived governmental failure—undermines constitutional governance and the rule of law. Military intervention in politics is characteristic of authoritarian or coup-based regimes, not democratic systems. Statement 2 should also not be a feature of a democratic polity. Freedom of speech and expression, including freedom of the press, is an essential pillar of democracy. A free press ensures transparency, accountability, and informed public debate. Systematic censorship restricts dissent, suppresses criticism of the government, and weakens democratic participation. While reasonable restrictions may exist under law in certain circumstances, general censorship contradicts democratic ideals. Statement 3, however, reflects a core democratic principle. In a democracy, governance must be based on popular consent, and those who exercise executive authority should be accountable to elected representatives. Although experts and civil servants assist in administration, ultimate political authority must rest with elected officials. Therefore, statements 1 and 2 are not features of a democratic polity. Incorrect Solution: a) Statement 1 should not be a feature of a democratic polity. In a democracy, civilian supremacy over the military is a foundational principle. The armed forces are subject to the authority of elected representatives, and any military takeover of civilian institutions—regardless of perceived governmental failure—undermines constitutional governance and the rule of law. Military intervention in politics is characteristic of authoritarian or coup-based regimes, not democratic systems. Statement 2 should also not be a feature of a democratic polity. Freedom of speech and expression, including freedom of the press, is an essential pillar of democracy. A free press ensures transparency, accountability, and informed public debate. Systematic censorship restricts dissent, suppresses criticism of the government, and weakens democratic participation. While reasonable restrictions may exist under law in certain circumstances, general censorship contradicts democratic ideals. Statement 3, however, reflects a core democratic principle. In a democracy, governance must be based on popular consent, and those who exercise executive authority should be accountable to elected representatives. Although experts and civil servants assist in administration, ultimate political authority must rest with elected officials. Therefore, statements 1 and 2 are not features of a democratic polity.

#### 4. Question

Which of the following ideally should not be features of a democratic polity?

• Military can take over civilian institutions if they fail to deliver on democratic hopes

• Censorship of the press

• The Government should not be run by non-elected individuals.

Select the correct answer code:

• d) 1, 2, 3

Solution: a)

• Statement 1 should not be a feature of a democratic polity. In a democracy, civilian supremacy over the military is a foundational principle. The armed forces are subject to the authority of elected representatives, and any military takeover of civilian institutions—regardless of perceived governmental failure—undermines constitutional governance and the rule of law. Military intervention in politics is characteristic of authoritarian or coup-based regimes, not democratic systems.

• Statement 2 should also not be a feature of a democratic polity. Freedom of speech and expression, including freedom of the press, is an essential pillar of democracy. A free press ensures transparency, accountability, and informed public debate. Systematic censorship restricts dissent, suppresses criticism of the government, and weakens democratic participation. While reasonable restrictions may exist under law in certain circumstances, general censorship contradicts democratic ideals.

• Statement 3, however, reflects a core democratic principle. In a democracy, governance must be based on popular consent, and those who exercise executive authority should be accountable to elected representatives. Although experts and civil servants assist in administration, ultimate political authority must rest with elected officials.

• Therefore, statements 1 and 2 are not features of a democratic polity.

Solution: a)

• Therefore, statements 1 and 2 are not features of a democratic polity.

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Which of the following are the conditions precedent for the successful working of Democracy? Equality of law and administration Avoidance of tyranny of majority over minority Presence of an opposition Functioning of moral order in society Public conscience Select the correct answer code: a) 1, 2, 3, 4 b) 1, 2, 4, 5 c) 1, 3, 4 d) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Correct Solution: D All the given conditions are essential for the successful functioning of a democracy. Equality of law and administration is fundamental to democratic governance. The rule of law ensures that all individuals, irrespective of status or position, are subject to the same legal framework. If laws are applied unequally, democracy degenerates into arbitrariness and privilege-based governance. Avoidance of tyranny of the majority over the minority is crucial. Democracy is not merely majority rule; it also involves protection of minority rights. If the majority consistently suppresses minority interests, democracy can become oppressive rather than participatory and inclusive. Presence of an opposition is indispensable. A functioning opposition holds the government accountable, questions policies, and presents alternative viewpoints. Without opposition, democratic debate weakens and governance may drift toward authoritarianism. Functioning of moral order in society supports democratic values such as tolerance, mutual respect, and adherence to constitutional principles. Democracy requires ethical conduct among citizens and leaders alike. Public conscience ensures vigilance against injustice, corruption, and abuse of power. An aware and responsive citizenry sustains democratic institutions by demanding accountability and transparency. Incorrect Solution: D All the given conditions are essential for the successful functioning of a democracy. Equality of law and administration is fundamental to democratic governance. The rule of law ensures that all individuals, irrespective of status or position, are subject to the same legal framework. If laws are applied unequally, democracy degenerates into arbitrariness and privilege-based governance. Avoidance of tyranny of the majority over the minority is crucial. Democracy is not merely majority rule; it also involves protection of minority rights. If the majority consistently suppresses minority interests, democracy can become oppressive rather than participatory and inclusive. Presence of an opposition is indispensable. A functioning opposition holds the government accountable, questions policies, and presents alternative viewpoints. Without opposition, democratic debate weakens and governance may drift toward authoritarianism. Functioning of moral order in society supports democratic values such as tolerance, mutual respect, and adherence to constitutional principles. Democracy requires ethical conduct among citizens and leaders alike. Public conscience ensures vigilance against injustice, corruption, and abuse of power. An aware and responsive citizenry sustains democratic institutions by demanding accountability and transparency.

#### 5. Question

Which of the following are the conditions precedent for the successful working of Democracy?

• Equality of law and administration

• Avoidance of tyranny of majority over minority

• Presence of an opposition

• Functioning of moral order in society

• Public conscience

Select the correct answer code:

• a) 1, 2, 3, 4

• b) 1, 2, 4, 5

• c) 1, 3, 4

• d) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Solution: D

All the given conditions are essential for the successful functioning of a democracy.

• Equality of law and administration is fundamental to democratic governance. The rule of law ensures that all individuals, irrespective of status or position, are subject to the same legal framework. If laws are applied unequally, democracy degenerates into arbitrariness and privilege-based governance.

• Avoidance of tyranny of the majority over the minority is crucial. Democracy is not merely majority rule; it also involves protection of minority rights. If the majority consistently suppresses minority interests, democracy can become oppressive rather than participatory and inclusive.

• Presence of an opposition is indispensable. A functioning opposition holds the government accountable, questions policies, and presents alternative viewpoints. Without opposition, democratic debate weakens and governance may drift toward authoritarianism.

• Functioning of moral order in society supports democratic values such as tolerance, mutual respect, and adherence to constitutional principles. Democracy requires ethical conduct among citizens and leaders alike.

• Public conscience ensures vigilance against injustice, corruption, and abuse of power. An aware and responsive citizenry sustains democratic institutions by demanding accountability and transparency.

Solution: D

All the given conditions are essential for the successful functioning of a democracy.

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