UPSC Static Quiz – Polity : 23 October 2024

UPSC Static Quiz – Polity : 23 October 2024 We will post 5 questions daily on static topics mentioned in the UPSC civil services preliminary examination syllabus. Each week will focus on a specific topic from the syllabus, such as History of India and Indian National Movement, Indian and World Geography, and more.We are excited to bring you our daily UPSC Static Quiz, designed to help you prepare for the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination. Each day, we will post 5 questions on static topics mentioned in the UPSC syllabus. This week, we are focusing on Indian and World Geography.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Consider the following statements: The term ‘Federation’ is nowhere used in the Constitution. Indian Constitution has been described as Quasi-federal. Indian Constitution contains federal features which includes single Constitution. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 1 is correct: The term ‘Federation’ has nowhere been used in the Constitution. Article 1, on the other hand, describes India as a ‘Union of States’ which implies two things: one, Indian Federation is not the result of an agreement by the states; and two, no state has the right to secede from the federation. Statement 2 is correct: The Indian Constitution has been variously described as ‘federal in form but, unitary in spirit’, ‘quasi-federal’ by K.C. Wheare, ‘bargaining federalism’ by Morris Jones, ‘co-operative federalism’ by Granville Austin, Statement 3 is not correct: The Indian Constitution contains a large number of unitary or non-federal features, viz., a strong Centre, single Constitution, single citizenship, flexibility of Constitution, integrated judiciary, appointment of state governor by the Centre, all-India services, emergency provisions and so on. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 1 is correct: The term ‘Federation’ has nowhere been used in the Constitution. Article 1, on the other hand, describes India as a ‘Union of States’ which implies two things: one, Indian Federation is not the result of an agreement by the states; and two, no state has the right to secede from the federation. Statement 2 is correct: The Indian Constitution has been variously described as ‘federal in form but, unitary in spirit’, ‘quasi-federal’ by K.C. Wheare, ‘bargaining federalism’ by Morris Jones, ‘co-operative federalism’ by Granville Austin, Statement 3 is not correct: The Indian Constitution contains a large number of unitary or non-federal features, viz., a strong Centre, single Constitution, single citizenship, flexibility of Constitution, integrated judiciary, appointment of state governor by the Centre, all-India services, emergency provisions and so on.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements:

• The term ‘Federation’ is nowhere used in the Constitution.

• Indian Constitution has been described as Quasi-federal.

• Indian Constitution contains federal features which includes single Constitution.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is correct: The term ‘Federation’ has nowhere been used in the Constitution. Article 1, on the other hand, describes India as a ‘Union of States’ which implies two things: one, Indian Federation is not the result of an agreement by the states; and two, no state has the right to secede from the federation.

Statement 2 is correct: The Indian Constitution has been variously described as ‘federal in form but, unitary in spirit’, ‘quasi-federal’ by K.C. Wheare, ‘bargaining federalism’ by Morris Jones, ‘co-operative federalism’ by Granville Austin,

Statement 3 is not correct: The Indian Constitution contains a large number of unitary or non-federal features, viz., a strong Centre, single Constitution, single citizenship, flexibility of Constitution, integrated judiciary, appointment of state governor by the Centre, all-India services, emergency provisions and so on.

Solution: b)

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Consider the following statements: The ‘Canadian model’ of federalism is different from the American model. The Indian Federation resembles the Canadian Federation only in its formation. The Indian federation is not the result of an agreement among the states. How many of the above statements is/are incorrect? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: a) Statement 1 is correct: The ‘Canadian model’ differs fundamentally from the ‘American model’ in so far as it establishes a very strong centre. The Indian federal system is based on the ‘Canadian model’ and not on the ‘American model’. Statement 2 is not correct: The Indian federation resembles the Candian federation: in its formation (i.e., by way of disintegration); in its preference to the term ‘Union’ as the Canadian federation is also called a ‘Union’ in its centralising tendency Statement 3 is correct: The Indian federation is not the result of an agreement among the states like the American federation; and the states have no right to secede from the federation. The federation is union because it is indestructible. Incorrect Solution: a) Statement 1 is correct: The ‘Canadian model’ differs fundamentally from the ‘American model’ in so far as it establishes a very strong centre. The Indian federal system is based on the ‘Canadian model’ and not on the ‘American model’. Statement 2 is not correct: The Indian federation resembles the Candian federation: in its formation (i.e., by way of disintegration); in its preference to the term ‘Union’ as the Canadian federation is also called a ‘Union’ in its centralising tendency Statement 3 is correct: The Indian federation is not the result of an agreement among the states like the American federation; and the states have no right to secede from the federation. The federation is union because it is indestructible.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements:

• The ‘Canadian model’ of federalism is different from the American model.

• The Indian Federation resembles the Canadian Federation only in its formation.

• The Indian federation is not the result of an agreement among the states.

How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: a)

Statement 1 is correct: The ‘Canadian model’ differs fundamentally from the ‘American model’ in so far as it establishes a very strong centre.

The Indian federal system is based on the ‘Canadian model’ and not on the ‘American model’.

Statement 2 is not correct: The Indian federation resembles the Candian federation:

• in its formation (i.e., by way of disintegration);

• in its preference to the term ‘Union’ as the Canadian federation is also called a ‘Union’

• in its centralising tendency

Statement 3 is correct: The Indian federation is not the result of an agreement among the states like the American federation; and the states have no right to secede from the federation. The federation is union because it is indestructible.

Solution: a)

Statement 1 is correct: The ‘Canadian model’ differs fundamentally from the ‘American model’ in so far as it establishes a very strong centre.

The Indian federal system is based on the ‘Canadian model’ and not on the ‘American model’.

Statement 2 is not correct: The Indian federation resembles the Candian federation:

• in its formation (i.e., by way of disintegration);

• in its preference to the term ‘Union’ as the Canadian federation is also called a ‘Union’

• in its centralising tendency

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question How many of the following features of the Indian Constitution violate the principle of Federalism? Independent Judiciary Flexibility of the Constitution Emergency Provisions All-India Services Select the correct answer using the code given below: a) Only one b) Only two c) Only three d) All four Correct Solution: c) Along with the federal features, the Indian Constitution also possesses the unitary or non-federal features which include: Flexibility of the Constitution: The process of constitutional amendment is less rigid than what is found in other federations. The bulk of the Constitution can be amended by the unilateral action of the Parliament, either by simple majority or by special majority. Emergency Provisions: The Constitution stipulates three types of emergencies—national, state and financial. During an emergency, the Central government becomes all powerful and the states go into the total control of the Centre. All-India services: In India, the Centre and the states have their separate public services. But, in addition, there are all-India services (IAS, IPS, and IFS) which are common to both the Centre and the states.The members of these services are recruited and trained by the Centre which also possess ultimate control over them. Thus, these services violate the principle of federalism under the Constitution. Independent Judiciary is a federal feature of the Indian Constitution. Incorrect Solution: c) Along with the federal features, the Indian Constitution also possesses the unitary or non-federal features which include: Flexibility of the Constitution: The process of constitutional amendment is less rigid than what is found in other federations. The bulk of the Constitution can be amended by the unilateral action of the Parliament, either by simple majority or by special majority. Emergency Provisions: The Constitution stipulates three types of emergencies—national, state and financial. During an emergency, the Central government becomes all powerful and the states go into the total control of the Centre. All-India services: In India, the Centre and the states have their separate public services. But, in addition, there are all-India services (IAS, IPS, and IFS) which are common to both the Centre and the states.The members of these services are recruited and trained by the Centre which also possess ultimate control over them. Thus, these services violate the principle of federalism under the Constitution. Independent Judiciary is a federal feature of the Indian Constitution.

#### 3. Question

How many of the following features of the Indian Constitution violate the principle of Federalism?

• Independent Judiciary

• Flexibility of the Constitution

• Emergency Provisions

• All-India Services

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) Only three

• d) All four

Solution: c)

Along with the federal features, the Indian Constitution also possesses the unitary or non-federal features which include:

• Flexibility of the Constitution: The process of constitutional amendment is less rigid than what is found in other federations. The bulk of the Constitution can be amended by the unilateral action of the Parliament, either by simple majority or by special majority.

• Emergency Provisions: The Constitution stipulates three types of emergencies—national, state and financial. During an emergency, the Central government becomes all powerful and the states go into the total control of the Centre.

• All-India services: In India, the Centre and the states have their separate public services. But, in addition, there are all-India services (IAS, IPS, and IFS) which are common to both the Centre and the states.The members of these services are recruited and trained by the Centre which also possess ultimate control over them. Thus, these services violate the principle of federalism under the Constitution.

Independent Judiciary is a federal feature of the Indian Constitution.

Solution: c)

Along with the federal features, the Indian Constitution also possesses the unitary or non-federal features which include:

Independent Judiciary is a federal feature of the Indian Constitution.

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Consider the following statements: Part XI of the Indian Constitution deals with the legislative relations between the Centre and the states. The Indian Constitution does not place any restriction on the plenary territorial jurisdiction of the Parliament. The governor is empowered to direct that an act of Parliament does not apply to a scheduled area in the state. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 1 is correct: Articles 245 to 255 in Part XI of the Constitution deal with the legislative relations between the Centre and the states. Besides these, there are some other articles dealing with the same subject. Statement 2 is not correct: The Parliament alone can make ‘extra-territorial legislation’. Thus, the laws of the Parliament are also applicable to the Indian citizens and their property in any part of the world. However, the Constitution places certain restrictions on the plenary territorial jurisdiction of the Parliament. Statement 3 is correct: The governor is empowered to direct that an act of Parliament does not apply to a scheduled area in the state or apply with specified modifications and exceptions. The Governor of Assam may likewise direct that an act of Parliament does not apply to a tribal area (autonomous district) in the state or apply with specified modifications and exceptions. The President enjoys the same power with respect to tribal areas (autonomous districts) in Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 1 is correct: Articles 245 to 255 in Part XI of the Constitution deal with the legislative relations between the Centre and the states. Besides these, there are some other articles dealing with the same subject. Statement 2 is not correct: The Parliament alone can make ‘extra-territorial legislation’. Thus, the laws of the Parliament are also applicable to the Indian citizens and their property in any part of the world. However, the Constitution places certain restrictions on the plenary territorial jurisdiction of the Parliament. Statement 3 is correct: The governor is empowered to direct that an act of Parliament does not apply to a scheduled area in the state or apply with specified modifications and exceptions. The Governor of Assam may likewise direct that an act of Parliament does not apply to a tribal area (autonomous district) in the state or apply with specified modifications and exceptions. The President enjoys the same power with respect to tribal areas (autonomous districts) in Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram.

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements:

• Part XI of the Indian Constitution deals with the legislative relations between the Centre and the states.

• The Indian Constitution does not place any restriction on the plenary territorial jurisdiction of the Parliament.

• The governor is empowered to direct that an act of Parliament does not apply to a scheduled area in the state.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is correct: Articles 245 to 255 in Part XI of the Constitution deal with the legislative relations between the Centre and the states. Besides these, there are some other articles dealing with the same subject.

Statement 2 is not correct: The Parliament alone can make ‘extra-territorial legislation’. Thus, the laws of the Parliament are also applicable to the Indian citizens and their property in any part of the world. However, the Constitution places certain restrictions on the plenary territorial jurisdiction of the Parliament.

Statement 3 is correct: The governor is empowered to direct that an act of Parliament does not apply to a scheduled area in the state or apply with specified modifications and exceptions.

The Governor of Assam may likewise direct that an act of Parliament does not apply to a tribal area (autonomous district) in the state or apply with specified modifications and exceptions.

The President enjoys the same power with respect to tribal areas (autonomous districts) in Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram.

Solution: b)

Statement 3 is correct: The governor is empowered to direct that an act of Parliament does not apply to a scheduled area in the state or apply with specified modifications and exceptions.

The Governor of Assam may likewise direct that an act of Parliament does not apply to a tribal area (autonomous district) in the state or apply with specified modifications and exceptions.

The President enjoys the same power with respect to tribal areas (autonomous districts) in Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram.

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question With reference to the State Administrative Tribunals (SATs), consider the following statements: The SATs exercise original jurisdiction in relation to recruitment and all service matters of state government employees. The chairman and members of the SATs are appointed by the Governor after consultation with the Chief Minister of the state concerned. As of now, no state has its State Administrative Tribunal. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: a) The Administrative Tribunals Act of 1985 empowers the Central government to establish the State Administrative Tribunals (SATs) on specific request of the concerned state governments. So far (2019), the SATs have been set up in the nine states of Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Odisha, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal and Kerala. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect. However, the Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Himachal Pradesh Tribunals have since been abolished. But subsequently, the Himachal Pradesh reestablished the SAT and the state of Tamil Nadu has also requested now to re- establish the same. Further, the state government of Haryana has requested to establish the SAT for their state. On the other hand, the state government of Odisha has submitted a proposal for abolition of Odisha Administrative Tribunal. Like the CAT, the SATs exercise original jurisdiction in relation to recruitment and all service matters of state government employees. Hence, statement 1 is correct. The chairman and members of the SATs are appointed by the president after consultation with the governor of the state concerned. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect. Incorrect Solution: a) The Administrative Tribunals Act of 1985 empowers the Central government to establish the State Administrative Tribunals (SATs) on specific request of the concerned state governments. So far (2019), the SATs have been set up in the nine states of Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Odisha, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal and Kerala. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect. However, the Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Himachal Pradesh Tribunals have since been abolished. But subsequently, the Himachal Pradesh reestablished the SAT and the state of Tamil Nadu has also requested now to re- establish the same. Further, the state government of Haryana has requested to establish the SAT for their state. On the other hand, the state government of Odisha has submitted a proposal for abolition of Odisha Administrative Tribunal. Like the CAT, the SATs exercise original jurisdiction in relation to recruitment and all service matters of state government employees. Hence, statement 1 is correct. The chairman and members of the SATs are appointed by the president after consultation with the governor of the state concerned. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.

#### 5. Question

With reference to the State Administrative Tribunals (SATs), consider the following statements:

• The SATs exercise original jurisdiction in relation to recruitment and all service matters of state government employees.

• The chairman and members of the SATs are appointed by the Governor after consultation with the Chief Minister of the state concerned.

• As of now, no state has its State Administrative Tribunal.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: a)

• The Administrative Tribunals Act of 1985 empowers the Central government to establish the State Administrative Tribunals (SATs) on specific request of the concerned state governments. So far (2019), the SATs have been set up in the nine states of Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Odisha, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal and Kerala. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.

• However, the Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Himachal Pradesh Tribunals have since been abolished.

• But subsequently, the Himachal Pradesh reestablished the SAT and the state of Tamil Nadu has also requested now to re- establish the same. Further, the state government of Haryana has requested to establish the SAT for their state. On the other hand, the state government of Odisha has submitted a proposal for abolition of Odisha Administrative Tribunal.

• Like the CAT, the SATs exercise original jurisdiction in relation to recruitment and all service matters of state government employees. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

The chairman and members of the SATs are appointed by the president after consultation with the governor of the state concerned. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.

Solution: a)

• However, the Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Himachal Pradesh Tribunals have since been abolished.

• Like the CAT, the SATs exercise original jurisdiction in relation to recruitment and all service matters of state government employees. Hence, statement 1 is correct.

The chairman and members of the SATs are appointed by the president after consultation with the governor of the state concerned. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.

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