UPSC Static Quiz – Polity : 23 April 2025

UPSC Static Quiz – Polity : 23 April 2025 We will post 5 questions daily on static topics mentioned in the UPSC civil services preliminary examination syllabus. Each week will focus on a specific topic from the syllabus, such as History of India and Indian National Movement, Indian and World Geography, and more.We are excited to bring you our daily UPSC Static Quiz, designed to help you prepare for the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination. Each day, we will post 5 questions on static topics mentioned in the UPSC syllabus. This week, we are focusing on Indian and World Geography.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Consider the following statements. Nominated members of the Rajya Sabha have the same rights and privileges as elected members of Rajya Sabha with the right to vote in the election of the President. The Nominated members of the Rajya Sabha are subjected to disqualification, if they join a political party within six months of being nominated to the House. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: d) Only elected members of both Houses of Parliament and of the State Legislative Assemblies are members of the Electoral College for Presidential Election. Therefore, nominated members cannot vote in this election. In 1985 the Tenth Schedule, popularly known as the anti-defection law, was added to the Constitution. The law specifies the circumstances under which changing of political parties by MPs invite action under the law. The law covers three types of scenarios with respect to an MP switching parties. The first is when a member elected on the ticket of a political party “voluntarily gives up” membership of such a party or votes in the House contrary to the wishes of the party. The second possibility is when an MP who has won his or her seat as an independent candidate after the election joins a political party. In both these instances, the MP lose the seat in the House on changing (or joining) a party. The third scenario relates to nominated MPs. In their case, the law specifies that within six months of being nominated to the House, they can choose to join a political party. Incorrect Solution: d) Only elected members of both Houses of Parliament and of the State Legislative Assemblies are members of the Electoral College for Presidential Election. Therefore, nominated members cannot vote in this election. In 1985 the Tenth Schedule, popularly known as the anti-defection law, was added to the Constitution. The law specifies the circumstances under which changing of political parties by MPs invite action under the law. The law covers three types of scenarios with respect to an MP switching parties. The first is when a member elected on the ticket of a political party “voluntarily gives up” membership of such a party or votes in the House contrary to the wishes of the party. The second possibility is when an MP who has won his or her seat as an independent candidate after the election joins a political party. In both these instances, the MP lose the seat in the House on changing (or joining) a party. The third scenario relates to nominated MPs. In their case, the law specifies that within six months of being nominated to the House, they can choose to join a political party.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements.

• Nominated members of the Rajya Sabha have the same rights and privileges as elected members of Rajya Sabha with the right to vote in the election of the President.

• The Nominated members of the Rajya Sabha are subjected to disqualification, if they join a political party within six months of being nominated to the House.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• c) Both 1 and 2

• d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: d)

Only elected members of both Houses of Parliament and of the State Legislative Assemblies are members of the Electoral College for Presidential Election. Therefore, nominated members cannot vote in this election.

In 1985 the Tenth Schedule, popularly known as the anti-defection law, was added to the Constitution.

The law specifies the circumstances under which changing of political parties by MPs invite action under the law. The law covers three types of scenarios with respect to an MP switching parties.

• The first is when a member elected on the ticket of a political party “voluntarily gives up” membership of such a party or votes in the House contrary to the wishes of the party.

• The second possibility is when an MP who has won his or her seat as an independent candidate after the election joins a political party. In both these instances, the MP lose the seat in the House on changing (or joining) a party.

• The third scenario relates to nominated MPs. In their case, the law specifies that within six months of being nominated to the House, they can choose to join a political party.

Solution: d)

In 1985 the Tenth Schedule, popularly known as the anti-defection law, was added to the Constitution.

The law specifies the circumstances under which changing of political parties by MPs invite action under the law. The law covers three types of scenarios with respect to an MP switching parties.

• The first is when a member elected on the ticket of a political party “voluntarily gives up” membership of such a party or votes in the House contrary to the wishes of the party.

• The third scenario relates to nominated MPs. In their case, the law specifies that within six months of being nominated to the House, they can choose to join a political party.

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question On which of the following conditions, the President can impose President’s rule in a state? Loss of majority in the Assembly due to a vote of no-confidence in the House. There’s a breakdown of a coalition leading to the chief minister having a minority support in the House, and the CM fails to prove majority in the given period of time. Elections postponed on account of situations like natural disasters, war or epidemic. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: c) How is President’s rule imposed in a state? Article 356 of the Constitution of India gives the President of India the power to impose this rule on a state on the advice of the Union Council of Ministers. There are some conditions that the President has to consider before imposing the rule: a) If the President is satisfied that a situation has arisen in which the government of the state cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution. b) The state government is unable to elect a leader as chief minister within a time prescribed by the Governor of that state. c) There’s a breakdown of a coalition leading to the chief minister having a minority support in the House, and the CM fails to prove majority in the given period of time. d) Loss of majority in the Assembly due to a vote of no-confidence in the House. e) Elections postponed on account of situations like natural disasters, war or epidemic. Incorrect Solution: c) How is President’s rule imposed in a state? Article 356 of the Constitution of India gives the President of India the power to impose this rule on a state on the advice of the Union Council of Ministers. There are some conditions that the President has to consider before imposing the rule: a) If the President is satisfied that a situation has arisen in which the government of the state cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution. b) The state government is unable to elect a leader as chief minister within a time prescribed by the Governor of that state. c) There’s a breakdown of a coalition leading to the chief minister having a minority support in the House, and the CM fails to prove majority in the given period of time. d) Loss of majority in the Assembly due to a vote of no-confidence in the House. e) Elections postponed on account of situations like natural disasters, war or epidemic.

#### 2. Question

On which of the following conditions, the President can impose President’s rule in a state?

• Loss of majority in the Assembly due to a vote of no-confidence in the House.

• There’s a breakdown of a coalition leading to the chief minister having a minority support in the House, and the CM fails to prove majority in the given period of time.

• Elections postponed on account of situations like natural disasters, war or epidemic.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: c)

How is President’s rule imposed in a state?

Article 356 of the Constitution of India gives the President of India the power to impose this rule on a state on the advice of the Union Council of Ministers. There are some conditions that the President has to consider before imposing the rule:

a) If the President is satisfied that a situation has arisen in which the government of the state cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution.

b) The state government is unable to elect a leader as chief minister within a time prescribed by the Governor of that state.

c) There’s a breakdown of a coalition leading to the chief minister having a minority support in the House, and the CM fails to prove majority in the given period of time.

d) Loss of majority in the Assembly due to a vote of no-confidence in the House.

e) Elections postponed on account of situations like natural disasters, war or epidemic.

Solution: c)

How is President’s rule imposed in a state?

a) If the President is satisfied that a situation has arisen in which the government of the state cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution.

b) The state government is unable to elect a leader as chief minister within a time prescribed by the Governor of that state.

c) There’s a breakdown of a coalition leading to the chief minister having a minority support in the House, and the CM fails to prove majority in the given period of time.

d) Loss of majority in the Assembly due to a vote of no-confidence in the House.

e) Elections postponed on account of situations like natural disasters, war or epidemic.

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Consider the following statements regarding Pardoning powers of President. The power of pardon shall be exercised by the President on the advice of Council of Ministers. The President can exercise these powers in all cases where the punishment or sentence is for an offence against any law relating to a matter to which the executive power of the Union extends. The original constitution provided for a small window for judicial review of the pardon powers of President for the purpose of ruling out any arbitrariness. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 3 is incorrect. The President can exercise these powers: In all cases where the punishment or sentence is by a court martial; In all cases where the punishment or sentence is for an offence against any law relating to a matter to which the executive power of the Union extends; In all cases where the sentence is a sentence of death. This power of pardon shall be exercised by the President on the advice of Council of Ministers. The constitution does not provide for any mechanism to question the legality of decisions of President or governors exercising mercy jurisdiction. But the SC in Epuru Sudhakar case has given a small window for judicial review of the pardon powers of President and governors for the purpose of ruling out any arbitrariness. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 3 is incorrect. The President can exercise these powers: In all cases where the punishment or sentence is by a court martial; In all cases where the punishment or sentence is for an offence against any law relating to a matter to which the executive power of the Union extends; In all cases where the sentence is a sentence of death. This power of pardon shall be exercised by the President on the advice of Council of Ministers. The constitution does not provide for any mechanism to question the legality of decisions of President or governors exercising mercy jurisdiction. But the SC in Epuru Sudhakar case has given a small window for judicial review of the pardon powers of President and governors for the purpose of ruling out any arbitrariness.

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Pardoning powers of President.

• The power of pardon shall be exercised by the President on the advice of Council of Ministers.

• The President can exercise these powers in all cases where the punishment or sentence is for an offence against any law relating to a matter to which the executive power of the Union extends.

• The original constitution provided for a small window for judicial review of the pardon powers of President for the purpose of ruling out any arbitrariness.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 3 is incorrect.

The President can exercise these powers:

• In all cases where the punishment or sentence is by a court martial;

• In all cases where the punishment or sentence is for an offence against any law relating to a matter to which the executive power of the Union extends;

• In all cases where the sentence is a sentence of death.

This power of pardon shall be exercised by the President on the advice of Council of Ministers.

The constitution does not provide for any mechanism to question the legality of decisions of President or governors exercising mercy jurisdiction.

But the SC in Epuru Sudhakar case has given a small window for judicial review of the pardon powers of President and governors for the purpose of ruling out any arbitrariness.

Solution: b)

Statement 3 is incorrect.

The President can exercise these powers:

• In all cases where the punishment or sentence is by a court martial;

• In all cases where the punishment or sentence is for an offence against any law relating to a matter to which the executive power of the Union extends;

• In all cases where the sentence is a sentence of death.

This power of pardon shall be exercised by the President on the advice of Council of Ministers.

The constitution does not provide for any mechanism to question the legality of decisions of President or governors exercising mercy jurisdiction.

But the SC in Epuru Sudhakar case has given a small window for judicial review of the pardon powers of President and governors for the purpose of ruling out any arbitrariness.

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Consider the following statements regarding Recusal of Judges. Recusal of Judges implies that, when there is a conflict of interest, a judge can withdraw from hearing a case. There are no formal rules governing Recusal of Judges. The practice comes from the principle that nobody can be a judge in her own case. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: c) There are instances where Supreme Court judges have recused themselves from hearing cases. Why does a judge recuse? When there is a conflict of interest, a judge can withdraw from hearing a case to prevent creating a perception that she carried a bias while deciding the case. The practice stems from the cardinal principle of due process of law that nobody can be a judge in her own case. The decision to recuse generally comes from the judge herself as it rests on the conscience and discretion of the judge to disclose any potential conflict of interest. In some circumstances, lawyers or parties in the case bring it up before the judge. If a judge recuses, the case is listed before the Chief Justice for allotment to a fresh Bench. There are no formal rules governing recusals, although several Supreme Court judgments have dealt with the issue. Since there are no formal rules governing the process, it is often left to individual judges to record reasons for recusal. Some judges disclose the reasons in open court; in some cases, the reasons are apparent. Incorrect Solution: c) There are instances where Supreme Court judges have recused themselves from hearing cases. Why does a judge recuse? When there is a conflict of interest, a judge can withdraw from hearing a case to prevent creating a perception that she carried a bias while deciding the case. The practice stems from the cardinal principle of due process of law that nobody can be a judge in her own case. The decision to recuse generally comes from the judge herself as it rests on the conscience and discretion of the judge to disclose any potential conflict of interest. In some circumstances, lawyers or parties in the case bring it up before the judge. If a judge recuses, the case is listed before the Chief Justice for allotment to a fresh Bench. There are no formal rules governing recusals, although several Supreme Court judgments have dealt with the issue. Since there are no formal rules governing the process, it is often left to individual judges to record reasons for recusal. Some judges disclose the reasons in open court; in some cases, the reasons are apparent.

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Recusal of Judges.

• Recusal of Judges implies that, when there is a conflict of interest, a judge can withdraw from hearing a case.

• There are no formal rules governing Recusal of Judges.

• The practice comes from the principle that nobody can be a judge in her own case.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: c)

There are instances where Supreme Court judges have recused themselves from hearing cases.

Why does a judge recuse?

When there is a conflict of interest, a judge can withdraw from hearing a case to prevent creating a perception that she carried a bias while deciding the case.

The practice stems from the cardinal principle of due process of law that nobody can be a judge in her own case.

The decision to recuse generally comes from the judge herself as it rests on the conscience and discretion of the judge to disclose any potential conflict of interest. In some circumstances, lawyers or parties in the case bring it up before the judge. If a judge recuses, the case is listed before the Chief Justice for allotment to a fresh Bench.

There are no formal rules governing recusals, although several Supreme Court judgments have dealt with the issue.

Since there are no formal rules governing the process, it is often left to individual judges to record reasons for recusal. Some judges disclose the reasons in open court; in some cases, the reasons are apparent.

Solution: c)

There are instances where Supreme Court judges have recused themselves from hearing cases.

Why does a judge recuse?

When there is a conflict of interest, a judge can withdraw from hearing a case to prevent creating a perception that she carried a bias while deciding the case.

The practice stems from the cardinal principle of due process of law that nobody can be a judge in her own case.

There are no formal rules governing recusals, although several Supreme Court judgments have dealt with the issue.

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Consider the following statements regarding acting judge of a high court. Chief Justice of India (CJI) appoints a duly qualified person as an acting judge of a high court. An acting judge holds office until the permanent judge resumes his office. Which of the above statements is/are incorrect? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: a) The president can appoint a duly qualified person as an acting judge of a high court when a judge of that high court is: Unable to perform the duties of his office due to absence or any other reasons Appointed to act temporarily as chief justice of that high court An acting judge holds office until the permanent judge resumes his office. However, the acting judge cannot hold office after attaining the age of 62 years. Incorrect Solution: a) The president can appoint a duly qualified person as an acting judge of a high court when a judge of that high court is: Unable to perform the duties of his office due to absence or any other reasons Appointed to act temporarily as chief justice of that high court An acting judge holds office until the permanent judge resumes his office. However, the acting judge cannot hold office after attaining the age of 62 years.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements regarding acting judge of a high court.

• Chief Justice of India (CJI) appoints a duly qualified person as an acting judge of a high court.

• An acting judge holds office until the permanent judge resumes his office.

Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?

• c) Both 1 and 2

• d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: a)

The president can appoint a duly qualified person as an acting judge of a high court when a judge of that high court is:

• Unable to perform the duties of his office due to absence or any other reasons

• Appointed to act temporarily as chief justice of that high court

An acting judge holds office until the permanent judge resumes his office. However, the acting judge cannot hold office after attaining the age of 62 years.

Solution: a)

The president can appoint a duly qualified person as an acting judge of a high court when a judge of that high court is:

• Unable to perform the duties of his office due to absence or any other reasons

• Appointed to act temporarily as chief justice of that high court

An acting judge holds office until the permanent judge resumes his office. However, the acting judge cannot hold office after attaining the age of 62 years.

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