UPSC Static Quiz – Polity : 14 November 2024

UPSC Static Quiz – Polity : 14 November 2024 We will post 5 questions daily on static topics mentioned in the UPSC civil services preliminary examination syllabus. Each week will focus on a specific topic from the syllabus, such as History of India and Indian National Movement, Indian and World Geography, and more.We are excited to bring you our daily UPSC Static Quiz, designed to help you prepare for the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination. Each day, we will post 5 questions on static topics mentioned in the UPSC syllabus. This week, we are focusing on Indian and World Geography.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Consider the following statements ‘Union of India’ is a wider expression than the ‘Territory of India’. The expression ‘Union of India’ includes not only the states, but also union territories and acquired territories. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: d) Article 1 describes India, that is, Bharat as a ‘Union of States’ rather than a ‘Federation of States’. This provision deals with two things: one, name of the country; and two, type of polity. According to Article 1, the territory of India can be classified into three categories: Territories of the states Union territories Territories that may be acquired by the Government of India at any time. Notably, the ‘Territory of India’ is a wider expression than the ‘Union of India’ because the latter includes only states while the former includes not only the states, but also union territories and territories that may be acquired by the Government of India at any future time. Hence, both statement 1 and 2 are incorrect. The states are the members of the federal system and share a distribution of powers with the Centre. The union territories and the acquired territories, on the other hand, are directly administered by the Central government. Incorrect Solution: d) Article 1 describes India, that is, Bharat as a ‘Union of States’ rather than a ‘Federation of States’. This provision deals with two things: one, name of the country; and two, type of polity. According to Article 1, the territory of India can be classified into three categories: Territories of the states Union territories Territories that may be acquired by the Government of India at any time. Notably, the ‘Territory of India’ is a wider expression than the ‘Union of India’ because the latter includes only states while the former includes not only the states, but also union territories and territories that may be acquired by the Government of India at any future time. Hence, both statement 1 and 2 are incorrect. The states are the members of the federal system and share a distribution of powers with the Centre. The union territories and the acquired territories, on the other hand, are directly administered by the Central government.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements

• ‘Union of India’ is a wider expression than the ‘Territory of India’.

• The expression ‘Union of India’ includes not only the states, but also union territories and acquired territories.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• c) Both 1 and 2

• d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: d)

Article 1 describes India, that is, Bharat as a ‘Union of States’ rather than a ‘Federation of States’. This provision deals with two things: one, name of the country; and two, type of polity.

According to Article 1, the territory of India can be classified into three categories:

• Territories of the states

• Union territories

• Territories that may be acquired by the Government of India at any time.

Notably, the ‘Territory of India’ is a wider expression than the ‘Union of India’ because the latter includes only states while the former includes not only the states, but also union territories and territories that may be acquired by the Government of India at any future time. Hence, both statement 1 and 2 are incorrect.

The states are the members of the federal system and share a distribution of powers with the Centre. The union territories and the acquired territories, on the other hand, are directly administered by the Central government.

Solution: d)

According to Article 1, the territory of India can be classified into three categories:

• Territories of the states

• Union territories

• Territories that may be acquired by the Government of India at any time.

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question The features of Indian style of Federalism include Each tier of the government has its own jurisdiction. Each tier of the government can draw its own financial resources. Each tier’s existence and authority are constitutionally guaranteed. The division of powers between the tiers cannot be changed without a legitimate constitutional, executive or legislative amendment. How many of the above statements are correct? a) Only One b) Only two c) Only three d) All four Correct Solution: d) Each tier has its own jurisdiction in specific matters of legislation, taxation and administration; for e.g. in India states legislate in matters of police, and Centre legislates in areas of national security as a whole. So, 1 and 2 are correct. The constitution establishes both the Central and State council of Ministers. So, 3 is correct. Statement 4: The fundamental provisions of the constitution cannot be unilaterally changed by one level of government. Such changes require the consent of both the levels of government. Moreover, changes in taxation or certain executive/legislative powers can only be brought in about by a proper amendment. So, 4 is correct as well. Incorrect Solution: d) Each tier has its own jurisdiction in specific matters of legislation, taxation and administration; for e.g. in India states legislate in matters of police, and Centre legislates in areas of national security as a whole. So, 1 and 2 are correct. The constitution establishes both the Central and State council of Ministers. So, 3 is correct. Statement 4: The fundamental provisions of the constitution cannot be unilaterally changed by one level of government. Such changes require the consent of both the levels of government. Moreover, changes in taxation or certain executive/legislative powers can only be brought in about by a proper amendment. So, 4 is correct as well.

#### 2. Question

The features of Indian style of Federalism include

• Each tier of the government has its own jurisdiction.

• Each tier of the government can draw its own financial resources.

• Each tier’s existence and authority are constitutionally guaranteed.

• The division of powers between the tiers cannot be changed without a legitimate constitutional, executive or legislative amendment.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• a) Only One

• b) Only two

• c) Only three

• d) All four

Solution: d)

Each tier has its own jurisdiction in specific matters of legislation, taxation and administration; for e.g. in India states legislate in matters of police, and Centre legislates in areas of national security as a whole. So, 1 and 2 are correct.

The constitution establishes both the Central and State council of Ministers. So, 3 is correct.

Statement 4: The fundamental provisions of the constitution cannot be unilaterally changed by one level of government. Such changes require the consent of both the levels of government.

Moreover, changes in taxation or certain executive/legislative powers can only be brought in about by a proper amendment. So, 4 is correct as well.

Solution: d)

The constitution establishes both the Central and State council of Ministers. So, 3 is correct.

Statement 4: The fundamental provisions of the constitution cannot be unilaterally changed by one level of government. Such changes require the consent of both the levels of government.

Moreover, changes in taxation or certain executive/legislative powers can only be brought in about by a proper amendment. So, 4 is correct as well.

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question India is described as a Republic because: The political sovereignty of India is vested in the people of the country. India has accepted the British Crown as the head of the Commonwealth. The head of the state is always an elected individual. Indian Constitution provides for only a single citizenship. How many of the above statements are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) Only three d) All four Correct Solution: b) A democratic polity can be classified into two categories—monarchy and republic. In a monarchy, the head of the state (usually king or queen) enjoys a hereditary position, that is, he comes into office through succession, e.g., Britain. In a republic, on the other hand, the head of the state is always elected directly or indirectly for a fixed period, e.g., USA. India has a republican system in place of British monarchical system. In other words, the Head of the State in India (that is, President) is elected, while the Head of the State in Britain (that is, King or Queen) enjoys a hereditary position. Therefore, the term ‘republic’ in our Preamble indicates that India has an elected head called the President. He is elected indirectly for a fixed period of five years. A republic also means two more things: one, vesting of political sovereignty in the people and not in a single individual like a king; second, the absence of any privileged class and hence all public offices being opened to every citizen without any discrimination. India is a republic because the ultimate authority lies with its people, who elect their representatives and leaders, reflecting the core principle of popular sovereignty. So, statement 1 is correct. India is part of the Commonwealth, but it is a republic and does not accept the British Crown as its head. The British Crown’s role in the Commonwealth is purely symbolic and does not affect India’s sovereignty or republic status. So, statement 2 is incorrect. In a republic, the head of state (the President in India) is elected, unlike in a monarchy where the head of state could be hereditary. Therefore, statement 3 is correct. While India follows the principle of single citizenship, this feature has nothing to do with why India is called a republic. Single citizenship pertains to India’s federal structure, not to its republic status. So, statement 4 is incorrect. Incorrect Solution: b) A democratic polity can be classified into two categories—monarchy and republic. In a monarchy, the head of the state (usually king or queen) enjoys a hereditary position, that is, he comes into office through succession, e.g., Britain. In a republic, on the other hand, the head of the state is always elected directly or indirectly for a fixed period, e.g., USA. India has a republican system in place of British monarchical system. In other words, the Head of the State in India (that is, President) is elected, while the Head of the State in Britain (that is, King or Queen) enjoys a hereditary position. Therefore, the term ‘republic’ in our Preamble indicates that India has an elected head called the President. He is elected indirectly for a fixed period of five years. A republic also means two more things: one, vesting of political sovereignty in the people and not in a single individual like a king; second, the absence of any privileged class and hence all public offices being opened to every citizen without any discrimination. India is a republic because the ultimate authority lies with its people, who elect their representatives and leaders, reflecting the core principle of popular sovereignty. So, statement 1 is correct. India is part of the Commonwealth, but it is a republic and does not accept the British Crown as its head. The British Crown’s role in the Commonwealth is purely symbolic and does not affect India’s sovereignty or republic status. So, statement 2 is incorrect. In a republic, the head of state (the President in India) is elected, unlike in a monarchy where the head of state could be hereditary. Therefore, statement 3 is correct. While India follows the principle of single citizenship, this feature has nothing to do with why India is called a republic. Single citizenship pertains to India’s federal structure, not to its republic status. So, statement 4 is incorrect.

#### 3. Question

India is described as a Republic because:

• The political sovereignty of India is vested in the people of the country.

• India has accepted the British Crown as the head of the Commonwealth.

• The head of the state is always an elected individual.

• Indian Constitution provides for only a single citizenship.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) Only three

• d) All four

Solution: b)

• A democratic polity can be classified into two categories—monarchy and republic. In a monarchy, the head of the state (usually king or queen) enjoys a hereditary position, that is, he comes into office through succession, e.g., Britain. In a republic, on the other hand, the head of the state is always elected directly or indirectly for a fixed period, e.g., USA.

• India has a republican system in place of British monarchical system. In other words, the Head of the State in India (that is, President) is elected, while the Head of the State in Britain (that is, King or Queen) enjoys a hereditary position. Therefore, the term ‘republic’ in our Preamble indicates that India has an elected head called the President. He is elected indirectly for a fixed period of five years.

• A republic also means two more things: one, vesting of political sovereignty in the people and not in a single individual like a king; second, the absence of any privileged class and hence all public offices being opened to every citizen without any discrimination.

• India is a republic because the ultimate authority lies with its people, who elect their representatives and leaders, reflecting the core principle of popular sovereignty. So, statement 1 is correct.

• India is part of the Commonwealth, but it is a republic and does not accept the British Crown as its head. The British Crown’s role in the Commonwealth is purely symbolic and does not affect India’s sovereignty or republic status. So, statement 2 is incorrect.

• In a republic, the head of state (the President in India) is elected, unlike in a monarchy where the head of state could be hereditary. Therefore, statement 3 is correct.

• While India follows the principle of single citizenship, this feature has nothing to do with why India is called a republic. Single citizenship pertains to India’s federal structure, not to its republic status. So, statement 4 is incorrect.

Solution: b)

• In a republic, the head of state (the President in India) is elected, unlike in a monarchy where the head of state could be hereditary. Therefore, statement 3 is correct.

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question With reference to Indian Constitution, consider the following statements: The principle of Cabinet Government and the relations between the executive and the legislature are derived from Government of India Act, 1935. The philosophical part of the Constitution including the Fundamental Rights and the Directive Principles of State Policy are derived from the American Constitution. Indian Constitution is described as a bargaining federalism as it is federal in form but unitary in spirit. Which of the statements given above is/are NOT correct? a) 1 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1 and 2 only d) 1, 2 and 3 Correct Solution: c) The structural part of the Constitution is, to a large extent, derived from the Government of India Act of 1935. The political part of the Constitution (the principle of Cabinet Government and the relations between the executive and the legislature) have been largely drawn from the British Constitution. So, Statement 1 is incorrect. The philosophical part of the Constitution (the Fundamental Rights and the Directive Principles of State Policy) derive their inspiration from the American and Irish Constitutions respectively. So, Statement 2 is incorrect. The Indian Constitution has been variously described as ‘federal in form but unitary in spirit’, ‘quasi-federal’ by K C Wheare, ‘bargaining federalism’ by Morris Jones, ‘co-operative federalism’ by Granville Austin, ‘federation with a centralising tendency’ by Ivor Jennings. So, Statement 3 is correct. Incorrect Solution: c) The structural part of the Constitution is, to a large extent, derived from the Government of India Act of 1935. The political part of the Constitution (the principle of Cabinet Government and the relations between the executive and the legislature) have been largely drawn from the British Constitution. So, Statement 1 is incorrect. The philosophical part of the Constitution (the Fundamental Rights and the Directive Principles of State Policy) derive their inspiration from the American and Irish Constitutions respectively. So, Statement 2 is incorrect. The Indian Constitution has been variously described as ‘federal in form but unitary in spirit’, ‘quasi-federal’ by K C Wheare, ‘bargaining federalism’ by Morris Jones, ‘co-operative federalism’ by Granville Austin, ‘federation with a centralising tendency’ by Ivor Jennings. So, Statement 3 is correct.

#### 4. Question

With reference to Indian Constitution, consider the following statements:

• The principle of Cabinet Government and the relations between the executive and the legislature are derived from Government of India Act, 1935.

• The philosophical part of the Constitution including the Fundamental Rights and the Directive Principles of State Policy are derived from the American Constitution.

• Indian Constitution is described as a bargaining federalism as it is federal in form but unitary in spirit.

Which of the statements given above is/are NOT correct?

• b) 2 and 3 only

• c) 1 and 2 only

• d) 1, 2 and 3

Solution: c)

The structural part of the Constitution is, to a large extent, derived from the Government of India Act of 1935. The political part of the Constitution (the principle of Cabinet Government and the relations between the executive and the legislature) have been largely drawn from the British Constitution. So, Statement 1 is incorrect.

The philosophical part of the Constitution (the Fundamental Rights and the Directive Principles of State Policy) derive their inspiration from the American and Irish Constitutions respectively. So, Statement 2 is incorrect.

The Indian Constitution has been variously described as ‘federal in form but unitary in spirit’, ‘quasi-federal’ by K C Wheare, ‘bargaining federalism’ by Morris Jones, ‘co-operative federalism’ by Granville Austin, ‘federation with a centralising tendency’ by Ivor Jennings. So, Statement 3 is correct.

Solution: c)

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Which of the following are the salient features of the Constitution of India related to Rule of Law? Judicial Review Equality before Law Supremacy of Law Select the correct answer using the code given below: a) 1 and 2 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1 and 3 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Correct Solution: d) Judicial Review is an essential part of the Rule of Law in India, ensuring that the actions of the legislature and executive are subject to judicial scrutiny. Equality before Law is enshrined in Article 14 of the Constitution, ensuring that every individual is treated equally by the law. Supremacy of Law means that law is supreme over the government and all its institutions. This ensures no individual or entity has arbitrary power. Incorrect Solution: d) Judicial Review is an essential part of the Rule of Law in India, ensuring that the actions of the legislature and executive are subject to judicial scrutiny. Equality before Law is enshrined in Article 14 of the Constitution, ensuring that every individual is treated equally by the law. Supremacy of Law means that law is supreme over the government and all its institutions. This ensures no individual or entity has arbitrary power.

#### 5. Question

Which of the following are the salient features of the Constitution of India related to Rule of Law?

• Judicial Review

• Equality before Law

• Supremacy of Law

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

• a) 1 and 2 only

• b) 2 and 3 only

• c) 1 and 3 only

• d) 1, 2, and 3

Solution: d)

• Judicial Review is an essential part of the Rule of Law in India, ensuring that the actions of the legislature and executive are subject to judicial scrutiny.

• Equality before Law is enshrined in Article 14 of the Constitution, ensuring that every individual is treated equally by the law.

• Supremacy of Law means that law is supreme over the government and all its institutions. This ensures no individual or entity has arbitrary power.

Solution: d)

• Judicial Review is an essential part of the Rule of Law in India, ensuring that the actions of the legislature and executive are subject to judicial scrutiny.

• Equality before Law is enshrined in Article 14 of the Constitution, ensuring that every individual is treated equally by the law.

• Supremacy of Law means that law is supreme over the government and all its institutions. This ensures no individual or entity has arbitrary power.

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