UPSC Static Quiz – Modern India : 9 September 2024

UPSC Static Quiz – Modern India : 9 September 2024 We will post 5 questions daily on static topics mentioned in the UPSC civil services preliminary examination syllabus. Each week will focus on a specific topic from the syllabus, such as History of India and Indian National Movement, Indian and World Geography, and more.We are excited to bring you our daily UPSC Static Quiz, designed to help you prepare for the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination. Each day, we will post 5 questions on static topics mentioned in the UPSC syllabus. This week, we are focusing on Indian and World Geography.

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Participating in daily quizzes helps reinforce your knowledge and identify areas that need improvement. Regular practice will enhance your recall abilities and boost your confidence for the examination. By covering various topics throughout the week, you ensure a comprehensive revision of the syllabus.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Consider the following statements regarding the Mughal Empire’s decline: Aurangzeb’s policies alienated both Hindus and Rajputs, who were key supporters of the empire. The wars of succession weakened the empire as they allowed nobles to consolidate power. The Marathas remained neutral during the Mughal decline and did not challenge imperial authority. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Aurangzeb’s policies, especially his religious orthodoxy and repressive policies towards non-Muslims, including the Hindus, alienated key allies like the Rajputs. These groups had been integral to Mughal stability. Additionally, wars of succession after the death of each emperor allowed the nobles to play kingmakers, which weakened the central authority of the empire. The third statement is incorrect because the Marathas, under leaders like Shivaji and later his successors, actively challenged Mughal authority and sought to carve out their own empire, which further weakened the Mughals. Incorrect Solution: b) Aurangzeb’s policies, especially his religious orthodoxy and repressive policies towards non-Muslims, including the Hindus, alienated key allies like the Rajputs. These groups had been integral to Mughal stability. Additionally, wars of succession after the death of each emperor allowed the nobles to play kingmakers, which weakened the central authority of the empire. The third statement is incorrect because the Marathas, under leaders like Shivaji and later his successors, actively challenged Mughal authority and sought to carve out their own empire, which further weakened the Mughals.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Mughal Empire’s decline:

• Aurangzeb’s policies alienated both Hindus and Rajputs, who were key supporters of the empire.

• The wars of succession weakened the empire as they allowed nobles to consolidate power.

• The Marathas remained neutral during the Mughal decline and did not challenge imperial authority.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Aurangzeb’s policies, especially his religious orthodoxy and repressive policies towards non-Muslims, including the Hindus, alienated key allies like the Rajputs. These groups had been integral to Mughal stability.

Additionally, wars of succession after the death of each emperor allowed the nobles to play kingmakers, which weakened the central authority of the empire.

The third statement is incorrect because the Marathas, under leaders like Shivaji and later his successors, actively challenged Mughal authority and sought to carve out their own empire, which further weakened the Mughals.

Solution: b)

Additionally, wars of succession after the death of each emperor allowed the nobles to play kingmakers, which weakened the central authority of the empire.

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question What was the primary outcome of the First Carnatic War (1746-1748) between the British and the French in India? a) The British permanently lost Madras to the French b) The French gained control over all British territories in India c) The Nawab of Carnatic defeated the French and regained control of his territory d) Madras was returned to the British in exchange for Louisburg in North America Correct Solution: d) The First Carnatic War ended with the Treaty of Aix-La-Chapelle, where Madras, which had been captured by the French, was returned to the British in exchange for Louisburg, a French territory in North America. This conflict demonstrated the strategic importance of naval power in determining the outcomes of colonial struggles. While the French briefly had the upper hand in India, their position was weakened when global diplomacy came into play. Incorrect Solution: d) The First Carnatic War ended with the Treaty of Aix-La-Chapelle, where Madras, which had been captured by the French, was returned to the British in exchange for Louisburg, a French territory in North America. This conflict demonstrated the strategic importance of naval power in determining the outcomes of colonial struggles. While the French briefly had the upper hand in India, their position was weakened when global diplomacy came into play.

#### 2. Question

What was the primary outcome of the First Carnatic War (1746-1748) between the British and the French in India?

• a) The British permanently lost Madras to the French

• b) The French gained control over all British territories in India

• c) The Nawab of Carnatic defeated the French and regained control of his territory

• d) Madras was returned to the British in exchange for Louisburg in North America

Solution: d)

The First Carnatic War ended with the Treaty of Aix-La-Chapelle, where Madras, which had been captured by the French, was returned to the British in exchange for Louisburg, a French territory in North America. This conflict demonstrated the strategic importance of naval power in determining the outcomes of colonial struggles. While the French briefly had the upper hand in India, their position was weakened when global diplomacy came into play.

Solution: d)

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Consider the following statements regarding the Government of India Act, 1935: The Act provided a rigid constitution with the right of amendment reserved with the British Parliament. The Federal portion of the Act came into effect immediately upon its passage. The Act was unanimously accepted by all political parties in India, including the Indian National Congress. Which of the statements given above is correct? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 3 only d) None of the above Correct Solution: a) Statement 1 is correct. The Government of India Act, 1935, provided a rigid constitution for India, with the power to amend the Act reserved solely for the British Parliament. This lack of flexibility was a significant criticism, as it did not allow for any internal growth or adaptation by the Indian government. Statement 2 is incorrect. The Federal portion of the Act did not come into effect immediately. It required at least half of the Indian princely states by weight to agree to join the federation, which never happened. As a result, the federation was indefinitely postponed. Statement 3 is incorrect. The Act was not unanimously accepted by all political parties in India. The Indian National Congress, in particular, strongly criticized and rejected the Act, with leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru condemning it as a “Charter of Slavery” and demanding a Constituent Assembly to frame a new constitution for independent India. Incorrect Solution: a) Statement 1 is correct. The Government of India Act, 1935, provided a rigid constitution for India, with the power to amend the Act reserved solely for the British Parliament. This lack of flexibility was a significant criticism, as it did not allow for any internal growth or adaptation by the Indian government. Statement 2 is incorrect. The Federal portion of the Act did not come into effect immediately. It required at least half of the Indian princely states by weight to agree to join the federation, which never happened. As a result, the federation was indefinitely postponed. Statement 3 is incorrect. The Act was not unanimously accepted by all political parties in India. The Indian National Congress, in particular, strongly criticized and rejected the Act, with leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru condemning it as a “Charter of Slavery” and demanding a Constituent Assembly to frame a new constitution for independent India.

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Government of India Act, 1935:

• The Act provided a rigid constitution with the right of amendment reserved with the British Parliament.

• The Federal portion of the Act came into effect immediately upon its passage.

• The Act was unanimously accepted by all political parties in India, including the Indian National Congress.

Which of the statements given above is correct?

• d) None of the above

Solution: a)

Statement 1 is correct. The Government of India Act, 1935, provided a rigid constitution for India, with the power to amend the Act reserved solely for the British Parliament. This lack of flexibility was a significant criticism, as it did not allow for any internal growth or adaptation by the Indian government.

Statement 2 is incorrect. The Federal portion of the Act did not come into effect immediately. It required at least half of the Indian princely states by weight to agree to join the federation, which never happened. As a result, the federation was indefinitely postponed.

Statement 3 is incorrect. The Act was not unanimously accepted by all political parties in India. The Indian National Congress, in particular, strongly criticized and rejected the Act, with leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru condemning it as a “Charter of Slavery” and demanding a Constituent Assembly to frame a new constitution for independent India.

Solution: a)

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Which of the following was a significant action taken by the Congress ministries in the provinces during their 28 months of rule from 1937-1939? a) Complete abolition of the zamindari system b) Introduction of universal adult franchise c) Repeal of laws giving emergency powers and easing curbs on civil liberties d) Nationalization of all industries Correct Solution: c) During the 28 months of Congress rule in the provinces, one of the significant actions taken was the repeal of laws that gave emergency powers to the authorities and easing curbs on civil liberties. This included lifting press restrictions, releasing political prisoners, restoring confiscated arms and licenses, and reducing the powers of the police. These measures were aimed at promoting civil liberties and easing the repressive atmosphere that had been prevalent under British rule. Incorrect Solution: c) During the 28 months of Congress rule in the provinces, one of the significant actions taken was the repeal of laws that gave emergency powers to the authorities and easing curbs on civil liberties. This included lifting press restrictions, releasing political prisoners, restoring confiscated arms and licenses, and reducing the powers of the police. These measures were aimed at promoting civil liberties and easing the repressive atmosphere that had been prevalent under British rule.

#### 4. Question

• Which of the following was a significant action taken by the Congress ministries in the provinces during their 28 months of rule from 1937-1939?

• a) Complete abolition of the zamindari system

• b) Introduction of universal adult franchise

• c) Repeal of laws giving emergency powers and easing curbs on civil liberties

• d) Nationalization of all industries

Solution: c)

During the 28 months of Congress rule in the provinces, one of the significant actions taken was the repeal of laws that gave emergency powers to the authorities and easing curbs on civil liberties. This included lifting press restrictions, releasing political prisoners, restoring confiscated arms and licenses, and reducing the powers of the police. These measures were aimed at promoting civil liberties and easing the repressive atmosphere that had been prevalent under British rule.

Solution: c)

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Consider the following statements regarding the features of the Cabinet Mission Plan: The Plan provided that any question raising a major communal issue in the Union Legislature would require a majority vote from both the Hindu and Muslim representatives. The Plan grouped the existing provincial assemblies into three sections based on religious majorities. The Plan stipulated that the Constitutions of the Union and the groups could not be reconsidered for at least twenty years. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 1 is correct; the Cabinet Mission Plan included a provision that any question raising a major communal issue in the Union Legislature would require a majority vote from the representatives of both major communities (Hindus and Muslims), in addition to an overall majority. This was intended to protect the interests of both communities in a united India. Statement 2 is also correct; the Plan grouped the existing provincial assemblies into three sections: Section A (Hindu-majority provinces) and Sections B and C (Muslim-majority provinces). However, Statement 3 is incorrect; the Plan allowed for the Constitutions of the Union and the groups to be reconsidered after an initial period of ten years and then at ten-year intervals thereafter, not twenty years. This was meant to provide flexibility and the potential for future adjustments to the federal structure. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 1 is correct; the Cabinet Mission Plan included a provision that any question raising a major communal issue in the Union Legislature would require a majority vote from the representatives of both major communities (Hindus and Muslims), in addition to an overall majority. This was intended to protect the interests of both communities in a united India. Statement 2 is also correct; the Plan grouped the existing provincial assemblies into three sections: Section A (Hindu-majority provinces) and Sections B and C (Muslim-majority provinces). However, Statement 3 is incorrect; the Plan allowed for the Constitutions of the Union and the groups to be reconsidered after an initial period of ten years and then at ten-year intervals thereafter, not twenty years. This was meant to provide flexibility and the potential for future adjustments to the federal structure.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the features of the Cabinet Mission Plan:

• The Plan provided that any question raising a major communal issue in the Union Legislature would require a majority vote from both the Hindu and Muslim representatives.

• The Plan grouped the existing provincial assemblies into three sections based on religious majorities.

• The Plan stipulated that the Constitutions of the Union and the groups could not be reconsidered for at least twenty years.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is correct; the Cabinet Mission Plan included a provision that any question raising a major communal issue in the Union Legislature would require a majority vote from the representatives of both major communities (Hindus and Muslims), in addition to an overall majority. This was intended to protect the interests of both communities in a united India.

Statement 2 is also correct; the Plan grouped the existing provincial assemblies into three sections: Section A (Hindu-majority provinces) and Sections B and C (Muslim-majority provinces).

However, Statement 3 is incorrect; the Plan allowed for the Constitutions of the Union and the groups to be reconsidered after an initial period of ten years and then at ten-year intervals thereafter, not twenty years. This was meant to provide flexibility and the potential for future adjustments to the federal structure.

Solution: b)

Statement 2 is also correct; the Plan grouped the existing provincial assemblies into three sections: Section A (Hindu-majority provinces) and Sections B and C (Muslim-majority provinces).

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