UPSC Static Quiz – Modern India : 9 October 2024

UPSC Static Quiz – Modern India : 9 October 2024 We will post 5 questions daily on static topics mentioned in the UPSC civil services preliminary examination syllabus. Each week will focus on a specific topic from the syllabus, such as History of India and Indian National Movement, Indian and World Geography, and more.We are excited to bring you our daily UPSC Static Quiz, designed to help you prepare for the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination. Each day, we will post 5 questions on static topics mentioned in the UPSC syllabus. This week, we are focusing on Indian and World Geography.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Consider the following statements regarding the Indian Councils Act of 1909: It allowed members of the legislative councils to move resolutions on the budget and ask supplementary questions. It provided for the first time the inclusion of Indians in the executive councils of the Viceroy and Governors. It introduced a direct election system for the legislative councils. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) The Indian Councils Act of 1909 significantly enhanced the powers and functions of the legislative councils at both the Central and provincial levels. One of the key reforms was the introduction of deliberative functions, where members were allowed to move resolutions on the budget, ask supplementary questions, and discuss matters of public interest, which made the councils more than just advisory bodies. Additionally, the Act marked the first time that Indians were included in the executive councils of the Viceroy and Governors. Satyendra Prasad Sinha was the first Indian appointed to the Viceroy’s Executive Council as the law member. However, the election process for the legislative councils remained indirect, with members being elected through electoral colleges formed by local bodies. Thus, statement 3 is incorrect. Incorrect Solution: b) The Indian Councils Act of 1909 significantly enhanced the powers and functions of the legislative councils at both the Central and provincial levels. One of the key reforms was the introduction of deliberative functions, where members were allowed to move resolutions on the budget, ask supplementary questions, and discuss matters of public interest, which made the councils more than just advisory bodies. Additionally, the Act marked the first time that Indians were included in the executive councils of the Viceroy and Governors. Satyendra Prasad Sinha was the first Indian appointed to the Viceroy’s Executive Council as the law member. However, the election process for the legislative councils remained indirect, with members being elected through electoral colleges formed by local bodies. Thus, statement 3 is incorrect.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Indian Councils Act of 1909:

• It allowed members of the legislative councils to move resolutions on the budget and ask supplementary questions.

• It provided for the first time the inclusion of Indians in the executive councils of the Viceroy and Governors.

• It introduced a direct election system for the legislative councils.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

The Indian Councils Act of 1909 significantly enhanced the powers and functions of the legislative councils at both the Central and provincial levels.

One of the key reforms was the introduction of deliberative functions, where members were allowed to move resolutions on the budget, ask supplementary questions, and discuss matters of public interest, which made the councils more than just advisory bodies.

Additionally, the Act marked the first time that Indians were included in the executive councils of the Viceroy and Governors.

Satyendra Prasad Sinha was the first Indian appointed to the Viceroy’s Executive Council as the law member.

However, the election process for the legislative councils remained indirect, with members being elected through electoral colleges formed by local bodies. Thus, statement 3 is incorrect.

Solution: b)

The Indian Councils Act of 1909 significantly enhanced the powers and functions of the legislative councils at both the Central and provincial levels.

Additionally, the Act marked the first time that Indians were included in the executive councils of the Viceroy and Governors.

Satyendra Prasad Sinha was the first Indian appointed to the Viceroy’s Executive Council as the law member.

However, the election process for the legislative councils remained indirect, with members being elected through electoral colleges formed by local bodies. Thus, statement 3 is incorrect.

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Consider the following statements regarding the Surat Split of 1907: The split occurred due to differences between moderates and extremists within the Indian National Congress over resolutions like Swaraj, Swadeshi, and Boycott. The British utilized the split to suppress the Extremists by launching a massive crackdown, including the imprisonment of Lokmanya Tilak. The Surat Split strengthened the Indian National Congress by allowing it to focus on more moderate, achievable goals. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 1 and 2 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Correct Solution: a) The Surat Split in 1907 was a significant event in the history of the Indian National Congress. The split occurred primarily due to ideological differences between the Moderates, who favored a gradual approach through constitutional means, and the Extremists, who advocated for more radical actions such as Swaraj (self-rule), Swadeshi (promotion of indigenous goods), Boycott of foreign goods, and National Education. The British exploited this division through their “divide and rule” policy, suppressing the Extremists who were seen as a more immediate threat to their rule. Lokmanya Tilak, a prominent Extremist leader, was imprisoned and sent to Mandalay, which significantly weakened the Extremist faction. Contrary to statement 3, the split did not strengthen the Congress but rather led to a period of decline and division within the party, with the Moderates losing touch with the younger generation of nationalists. Incorrect Solution: a) The Surat Split in 1907 was a significant event in the history of the Indian National Congress. The split occurred primarily due to ideological differences between the Moderates, who favored a gradual approach through constitutional means, and the Extremists, who advocated for more radical actions such as Swaraj (self-rule), Swadeshi (promotion of indigenous goods), Boycott of foreign goods, and National Education. The British exploited this division through their “divide and rule” policy, suppressing the Extremists who were seen as a more immediate threat to their rule. Lokmanya Tilak, a prominent Extremist leader, was imprisoned and sent to Mandalay, which significantly weakened the Extremist faction. Contrary to statement 3, the split did not strengthen the Congress but rather led to a period of decline and division within the party, with the Moderates losing touch with the younger generation of nationalists.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Surat Split of 1907:

• The split occurred due to differences between moderates and extremists within the Indian National Congress over resolutions like Swaraj, Swadeshi, and Boycott.

• The British utilized the split to suppress the Extremists by launching a massive crackdown, including the imprisonment of Lokmanya Tilak.

• The Surat Split strengthened the Indian National Congress by allowing it to focus on more moderate, achievable goals.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) 1 and 2 only

• b) 2 and 3 only

• d) 1, 2, and 3

Solution: a)

The Surat Split in 1907 was a significant event in the history of the Indian National Congress. The split occurred primarily due to ideological differences between the Moderates, who favored a gradual approach through constitutional means, and the Extremists, who advocated for more radical actions such as Swaraj (self-rule), Swadeshi (promotion of indigenous goods), Boycott of foreign goods, and National Education.

The British exploited this division through their “divide and rule” policy, suppressing the Extremists who were seen as a more immediate threat to their rule.

Lokmanya Tilak, a prominent Extremist leader, was imprisoned and sent to Mandalay, which significantly weakened the Extremist faction.

Contrary to statement 3, the split did not strengthen the Congress but rather led to a period of decline and division within the party, with the Moderates losing touch with the younger generation of nationalists.

Solution: a)

The British exploited this division through their “divide and rule” policy, suppressing the Extremists who were seen as a more immediate threat to their rule.

Lokmanya Tilak, a prominent Extremist leader, was imprisoned and sent to Mandalay, which significantly weakened the Extremist faction.

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Consider the following statements regarding the Fourteen Points of Jinnah: The Fourteen Points were a response to the Simon Commission’s recommendations. One of the key demands was the abolition of separate electorates for Muslims. The Fourteen Points demanded that Sindh be separated from the Bombay Presidency. Which of the above statements is correct? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 3 only d) 1 and 2 only Correct Solution: c) The Fourteen Points of Jinnah were proposed in 1929 as a response to the Nehru Report, not the Simon Commission. The Nehru Report had advocated for joint electorates, which was one of the main reasons why it was strongly opposed by Muslim leaders like Jinnah. The Fourteen Points, instead of abolishing separate electorates, actually called for their continuation, with the provision that any community could opt for joint electorates at any time. Among the demands in the Fourteen Points was the separation of Sindh from the Bombay Presidency, reflecting the Muslim League’s concern for Muslim-majority regions. Therefore, only the third statement is correct. Incorrect Solution: c) The Fourteen Points of Jinnah were proposed in 1929 as a response to the Nehru Report, not the Simon Commission. The Nehru Report had advocated for joint electorates, which was one of the main reasons why it was strongly opposed by Muslim leaders like Jinnah. The Fourteen Points, instead of abolishing separate electorates, actually called for their continuation, with the provision that any community could opt for joint electorates at any time. Among the demands in the Fourteen Points was the separation of Sindh from the Bombay Presidency, reflecting the Muslim League’s concern for Muslim-majority regions. Therefore, only the third statement is correct.

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Fourteen Points of Jinnah:

• The Fourteen Points were a response to the Simon Commission’s recommendations.

• One of the key demands was the abolition of separate electorates for Muslims.

• The Fourteen Points demanded that Sindh be separated from the Bombay Presidency.

Which of the above statements is correct?

• d) 1 and 2 only

Solution: c)

The Fourteen Points of Jinnah were proposed in 1929 as a response to the Nehru Report, not the Simon Commission.

The Nehru Report had advocated for joint electorates, which was one of the main reasons why it was strongly opposed by Muslim leaders like Jinnah.

The Fourteen Points, instead of abolishing separate electorates, actually called for their continuation, with the provision that any community could opt for joint electorates at any time.

Among the demands in the Fourteen Points was the separation of Sindh from the Bombay Presidency, reflecting the Muslim League’s concern for Muslim-majority regions. Therefore, only the third statement is correct.

Solution: c)

The Fourteen Points of Jinnah were proposed in 1929 as a response to the Nehru Report, not the Simon Commission.

The Nehru Report had advocated for joint electorates, which was one of the main reasons why it was strongly opposed by Muslim leaders like Jinnah.

The Fourteen Points, instead of abolishing separate electorates, actually called for their continuation, with the provision that any community could opt for joint electorates at any time.

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Which of the following was a demand by Gandhi that was rejected by Viceroy Irwin in the Gandhi-Irwin Pact? a) Right to peaceful picketing b) Suspension of the Civil Disobedience Movement c) Public inquiry into police excesses d) Participation in the Round Table Conference Correct Solution: c) Gandhi had demanded a public inquiry into police excesses during the Civil Disobedience Movement, but this was rejected by Viceroy Irwin. Along with this, the commutation of Bhagat Singh’s death sentence to life imprisonment was another demand that was turned down. The pact did, however, result in several important agreements, including the suspension of the Civil Disobedience Movement and the Congress’s participation in the next Round Table Conference. These concessions were critical in creating an atmosphere for negotiations between the British and the Indian National Congress. Incorrect Solution: c) Gandhi had demanded a public inquiry into police excesses during the Civil Disobedience Movement, but this was rejected by Viceroy Irwin. Along with this, the commutation of Bhagat Singh’s death sentence to life imprisonment was another demand that was turned down. The pact did, however, result in several important agreements, including the suspension of the Civil Disobedience Movement and the Congress’s participation in the next Round Table Conference. These concessions were critical in creating an atmosphere for negotiations between the British and the Indian National Congress.

#### 4. Question

Which of the following was a demand by Gandhi that was rejected by Viceroy Irwin in the Gandhi-Irwin Pact?

• a) Right to peaceful picketing

• b) Suspension of the Civil Disobedience Movement

• c) Public inquiry into police excesses

• d) Participation in the Round Table Conference

Solution: c)

Gandhi had demanded a public inquiry into police excesses during the Civil Disobedience Movement, but this was rejected by Viceroy Irwin. Along with this, the commutation of Bhagat Singh’s death sentence to life imprisonment was another demand that was turned down.

The pact did, however, result in several important agreements, including the suspension of the Civil Disobedience Movement and the Congress’s participation in the next Round Table Conference.

These concessions were critical in creating an atmosphere for negotiations between the British and the Indian National Congress.

Solution: c)

The pact did, however, result in several important agreements, including the suspension of the Civil Disobedience Movement and the Congress’s participation in the next Round Table Conference.

These concessions were critical in creating an atmosphere for negotiations between the British and the Indian National Congress.

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Consider the following statements regarding the Gandhi-Irwin Pact: The British government agreed to release all political prisoners, including those convicted of violent acts. The Indian National Congress agreed to participate in the next Round Table Conference. The pact resulted in the immediate commutation of Bhagat Singh’s death sentence. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 2 and 3 only d) 1 and 3 only Correct Solution: b) The Gandhi-Irwin Pact of 1931 led to the release of political prisoners, but those convicted of violent crimes were excluded, making Statement 1 incorrect. The Indian National Congress did agree to participate in the next Round Table Conference, as mentioned in Statement 2. However, the commutation of Bhagat Singh’s death sentence, a key demand by Gandhi, was not accepted by the British government, making Statement 3 incorrect. Incorrect Solution: b) The Gandhi-Irwin Pact of 1931 led to the release of political prisoners, but those convicted of violent crimes were excluded, making Statement 1 incorrect. The Indian National Congress did agree to participate in the next Round Table Conference, as mentioned in Statement 2. However, the commutation of Bhagat Singh’s death sentence, a key demand by Gandhi, was not accepted by the British government, making Statement 3 incorrect.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Gandhi-Irwin Pact:

• The British government agreed to release all political prisoners, including those convicted of violent acts.

• The Indian National Congress agreed to participate in the next Round Table Conference.

• The pact resulted in the immediate commutation of Bhagat Singh’s death sentence.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• c) 2 and 3 only

• d) 1 and 3 only

Solution: b)

The Gandhi-Irwin Pact of 1931 led to the release of political prisoners, but those convicted of violent crimes were excluded, making Statement 1 incorrect.

The Indian National Congress did agree to participate in the next Round Table Conference, as mentioned in Statement 2.

However, the commutation of Bhagat Singh’s death sentence, a key demand by Gandhi, was not accepted by the British government, making Statement 3 incorrect.

Solution: b)

The Gandhi-Irwin Pact of 1931 led to the release of political prisoners, but those convicted of violent crimes were excluded, making Statement 1 incorrect.

The Indian National Congress did agree to participate in the next Round Table Conference, as mentioned in Statement 2.

However, the commutation of Bhagat Singh’s death sentence, a key demand by Gandhi, was not accepted by the British government, making Statement 3 incorrect.

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