UPSC Static Quiz – Modern India : 31 August 2024

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Consider the following statements in the context of Key figures in Indian history STATEMENT 1 : Mahatma Gandhi established his first ashram in Mumbai. STATEMENT 2 : Nana Jagannath Shankarseth was a member of the Asiatic Society of Mumbai. Which of the statements above is/are correct? a) Only STATEMENT 1 b) Only STATEMENT 2 c) BOTH STATEMENTS d) Neither statements Correct Solution: b) STATEMENT 1: This statement is false. Mahatma Gandhi’s first ashram in India was not established in Mumbai. After returning from South Africa in 1915, Gandhi established his first ashram in India at Kochrab, Ahmedabad. This ashram, known as the Kochrab Ashram, was later shifted to the banks of the Sabarmati River, becoming the famous Sabarmati Ashram. STATEMENT 2: This statement is true. Nana Jagannath Shankarseth was an Indian member of the Asiatic Society of Mumbai (then Bombay). The Asiatic Society, established in 1804, was an important institution for promoting Oriental Arts, Sciences, and Literature. Shankarseth’s membership indicates his involvement in intellectual and cultural activities of the time. Incorrect Solution: b) STATEMENT 1: This statement is false. Mahatma Gandhi’s first ashram in India was not established in Mumbai. After returning from South Africa in 1915, Gandhi established his first ashram in India at Kochrab, Ahmedabad. This ashram, known as the Kochrab Ashram, was later shifted to the banks of the Sabarmati River, becoming the famous Sabarmati Ashram. STATEMENT 2: This statement is true. Nana Jagannath Shankarseth was an Indian member of the Asiatic Society of Mumbai (then Bombay). The Asiatic Society, established in 1804, was an important institution for promoting Oriental Arts, Sciences, and Literature. Shankarseth’s membership indicates his involvement in intellectual and cultural activities of the time.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements in the context of Key figures in Indian history STATEMENT 1 : Mahatma Gandhi established his first ashram in Mumbai. STATEMENT 2 : Nana Jagannath Shankarseth was a member of the Asiatic Society of Mumbai. Which of the statements above is/are correct?

• a) Only STATEMENT 1

• b) Only STATEMENT 2

• c) BOTH STATEMENTS

• d) Neither statements

• Solution: b)

STATEMENT 1: This statement is false. Mahatma Gandhi’s first ashram in India was not established in Mumbai. After returning from South Africa in 1915, Gandhi established his first ashram in India at Kochrab, Ahmedabad. This ashram, known as the Kochrab Ashram, was later shifted to the banks of the Sabarmati River, becoming the famous Sabarmati Ashram.

STATEMENT 2: This statement is true. Nana Jagannath Shankarseth was an Indian member of the Asiatic Society of Mumbai (then Bombay). The Asiatic Society, established in 1804, was an important institution for promoting Oriental Arts, Sciences, and Literature. Shankarseth’s membership indicates his involvement in intellectual and cultural activities of the time.

• Solution: b)

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Consider the following statements about the achievements of the Moderate Nationalists: They popularized the ideas of democracy, civil liberties, secularism, and nationalism among the Indian masses. The Moderate Nationalists were responsible for the introduction of the Indian Councils Act of 1892, which provided for increased Indian representation in the government. Their efforts led to the abolition of the practice of Sati in India. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 1 and 2 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1 and 3 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Correct Solution: a) Statement 1 is correct. The Moderate Nationalists played a crucial role in spreading modern democratic ideas, including civil liberties, secularism, and nationalism. Their efforts laid the intellectual foundation for the Indian freedom struggle, fostering a sense of unity and common purpose among the diverse population of India. Statement 2 is correct. The Indian Councils Act of 1892, which allowed for greater Indian participation in legislative councils, was influenced by the demands of the Moderate Nationalists. Although the Act fell short of their expectations, it marked a step toward constitutional reforms. Statement 3 is incorrect. The abolition of Sati was achieved much earlier, in 1829, under the leadership of social reformers like Raja Ram Mohan Roy, and was not a result of the Moderate Nationalists’ efforts. The Moderates focused more on political and economic reforms rather than social issues like Sati. Incorrect Solution: a) Statement 1 is correct. The Moderate Nationalists played a crucial role in spreading modern democratic ideas, including civil liberties, secularism, and nationalism. Their efforts laid the intellectual foundation for the Indian freedom struggle, fostering a sense of unity and common purpose among the diverse population of India. Statement 2 is correct. The Indian Councils Act of 1892, which allowed for greater Indian participation in legislative councils, was influenced by the demands of the Moderate Nationalists. Although the Act fell short of their expectations, it marked a step toward constitutional reforms. Statement 3 is incorrect. The abolition of Sati was achieved much earlier, in 1829, under the leadership of social reformers like Raja Ram Mohan Roy, and was not a result of the Moderate Nationalists’ efforts. The Moderates focused more on political and economic reforms rather than social issues like Sati.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements about the achievements of the Moderate Nationalists:

• They popularized the ideas of democracy, civil liberties, secularism, and nationalism among the Indian masses.

• The Moderate Nationalists were responsible for the introduction of the Indian Councils Act of 1892, which provided for increased Indian representation in the government.

• Their efforts led to the abolition of the practice of Sati in India.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) 1 and 2 only

• b) 2 and 3 only

• c) 1 and 3 only

• d) 1, 2, and 3

Solution: a)

Statement 1 is correct. The Moderate Nationalists played a crucial role in spreading modern democratic ideas, including civil liberties, secularism, and nationalism. Their efforts laid the intellectual foundation for the Indian freedom struggle, fostering a sense of unity and common purpose among the diverse population of India.

Statement 2 is correct. The Indian Councils Act of 1892, which allowed for greater Indian participation in legislative councils, was influenced by the demands of the Moderate Nationalists. Although the Act fell short of their expectations, it marked a step toward constitutional reforms.

Statement 3 is incorrect. The abolition of Sati was achieved much earlier, in 1829, under the leadership of social reformers like Raja Ram Mohan Roy, and was not a result of the Moderate Nationalists’ efforts. The Moderates focused more on political and economic reforms rather than social issues like Sati.

Solution: a)

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Which of the following leaders is correctly matched with their association? a) Gopal Krishna Gokhale - Extremists b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak - Moderates c) Aurobindo Ghosh - Extremists d) Feroz Shah Mehta - Extremists Correct Solution: c) Aurobindo Ghosh was one of the prominent leaders of the Extremist faction within the Indian National Congress. He, along with other Extremist leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal, advocated for Swaraj and used more assertive methods compared to the Moderates, who included leaders like Gopal Krishna Gokhale and Feroz Shah Mehta, who believed in gradual reforms through peaceful means. Incorrect Solution: c) Aurobindo Ghosh was one of the prominent leaders of the Extremist faction within the Indian National Congress. He, along with other Extremist leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal, advocated for Swaraj and used more assertive methods compared to the Moderates, who included leaders like Gopal Krishna Gokhale and Feroz Shah Mehta, who believed in gradual reforms through peaceful means.

#### 3. Question

Which of the following leaders is correctly matched with their association?

• a) Gopal Krishna Gokhale - Extremists

• b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak - Moderates

• c) Aurobindo Ghosh - Extremists

• d) Feroz Shah Mehta - Extremists

Solution: c)

Aurobindo Ghosh was one of the prominent leaders of the Extremist faction within the Indian National Congress. He, along with other Extremist leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal, advocated for Swaraj and used more assertive methods compared to the Moderates, who included leaders like Gopal Krishna Gokhale and Feroz Shah Mehta, who believed in gradual reforms through peaceful means.

Solution: c)

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Consider the following statements comparing the Moderates and Extremists within the Indian National Congress: The Moderates believed in Western ideas of liberalism and democracy, while the Extremists drew inspiration from Indian history and cultural heritage. The Extremists were more focused on administrative and constitutional reforms, while the Moderates aimed for complete independence from British rule. The Extremists promoted the revival of traditional festivals like Ganapati and Shivaji to inspire nationalist sentiments, while the Moderates primarily engaged in economic critiques of British rule. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 1 is correct. The Moderates were inspired by Western liberal ideas of democracy, justice, and fair play, and they believed in gradual reforms within the British system. The Extremists, however, drew their inspiration from Indian history, culture, and religious symbols, which they used to instill a sense of pride and nationalism among the masses. Statement 2 is incorrect. The Moderates sought administrative and constitutional reforms, aiming for more Indian participation in governance rather than complete independence. The Extremists, in contrast, aimed for Swaraj or complete independence from British rule. Statement 3 is correct. The Extremists revived traditional festivals such as Ganapati and Shivaji to arouse nationalist sentiments among the masses, while the Moderates focused more on critiquing British economic policies and advocating for civil rights through constitutional means. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 1 is correct. The Moderates were inspired by Western liberal ideas of democracy, justice, and fair play, and they believed in gradual reforms within the British system. The Extremists, however, drew their inspiration from Indian history, culture, and religious symbols, which they used to instill a sense of pride and nationalism among the masses. Statement 2 is incorrect. The Moderates sought administrative and constitutional reforms, aiming for more Indian participation in governance rather than complete independence. The Extremists, in contrast, aimed for Swaraj or complete independence from British rule. Statement 3 is correct. The Extremists revived traditional festivals such as Ganapati and Shivaji to arouse nationalist sentiments among the masses, while the Moderates focused more on critiquing British economic policies and advocating for civil rights through constitutional means.

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements comparing the Moderates and Extremists within the Indian National Congress:

• The Moderates believed in Western ideas of liberalism and democracy, while the Extremists drew inspiration from Indian history and cultural heritage.

• The Extremists were more focused on administrative and constitutional reforms, while the Moderates aimed for complete independence from British rule.

• The Extremists promoted the revival of traditional festivals like Ganapati and Shivaji to inspire nationalist sentiments, while the Moderates primarily engaged in economic critiques of British rule.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is correct. The Moderates were inspired by Western liberal ideas of democracy, justice, and fair play, and they believed in gradual reforms within the British system. The Extremists, however, drew their inspiration from Indian history, culture, and religious symbols, which they used to instill a sense of pride and nationalism among the masses.

Statement 2 is incorrect. The Moderates sought administrative and constitutional reforms, aiming for more Indian participation in governance rather than complete independence. The Extremists, in contrast, aimed for Swaraj or complete independence from British rule.

Statement 3 is correct. The Extremists revived traditional festivals such as Ganapati and Shivaji to arouse nationalist sentiments among the masses, while the Moderates focused more on critiquing British economic policies and advocating for civil rights through constitutional means.

Solution: b)

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Consider the following statements regarding the Civil Disobedience Movement in India: The Civil Disobedience Movement was launched after the failure of the Round Table Conferences. The Salt March was initiated as a protest against the government’s monopoly on the production and sale of salt. The movement began with the demand for complete independence (Purna Swaraj) from British rule. Which of the above statements is correct? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 3 only d) 2 and 3 only Correct Solution: b) The Civil Disobedience Movement in India was not launched after the Round Table Conferences but was initiated in response to the British government’s refusal to meet the demands put forth by Mahatma Gandhi, which included the abolition of the salt tax and the government monopoly on salt. The movement began with the historic Dandi March, where Gandhi and his followers defied the salt law by making salt from seawater, marking the beginning of widespread civil disobedience across the country. While the movement did ultimately aim for complete independence (Purna Swaraj), it was initially focused on specific grievances such as the salt tax. Therefore, the correct statement is the second one. Incorrect Solution: b) The Civil Disobedience Movement in India was not launched after the Round Table Conferences but was initiated in response to the British government’s refusal to meet the demands put forth by Mahatma Gandhi, which included the abolition of the salt tax and the government monopoly on salt. The movement began with the historic Dandi March, where Gandhi and his followers defied the salt law by making salt from seawater, marking the beginning of widespread civil disobedience across the country. While the movement did ultimately aim for complete independence (Purna Swaraj), it was initially focused on specific grievances such as the salt tax. Therefore, the correct statement is the second one.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Civil Disobedience Movement in India:

• The Civil Disobedience Movement was launched after the failure of the Round Table Conferences.

• The Salt March was initiated as a protest against the government’s monopoly on the production and sale of salt.

• The movement began with the demand for complete independence (Purna Swaraj) from British rule.

Which of the above statements is correct?

• d) 2 and 3 only

Solution: b)

• The Civil Disobedience Movement in India was not launched after the Round Table Conferences but was initiated in response to the British government’s refusal to meet the demands put forth by Mahatma Gandhi, which included the abolition of the salt tax and the government monopoly on salt.

• The movement began with the historic Dandi March, where Gandhi and his followers defied the salt law by making salt from seawater, marking the beginning of widespread civil disobedience across the country.

While the movement did ultimately aim for complete independence (Purna Swaraj), it was initially focused on specific grievances such as the salt tax. Therefore, the correct statement is the second one.

Solution: b)

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