UPSC Static Quiz – Modern India : 28 August 2024

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Who among the following was NOT a founding member of the Indian National Congress? a) Dinshaw Wacha b) Dadabhai Naoroji c) Gopal Krishna Gokhale d) Allan Octavian Hume Correct Solution: c) Gopal Krishna Gokhale was a prominent leader of the Indian National Congress, but he was not one of the founding members. The Congress was founded in 1885 by Allan Octavian Hume, a retired British civil servant, with significant support from leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji and Dinshaw Wacha. Gokhale became influential in the Congress later, particularly in the early 20th century, advocating for moderate reforms. Incorrect Solution: c) Gopal Krishna Gokhale was a prominent leader of the Indian National Congress, but he was not one of the founding members. The Congress was founded in 1885 by Allan Octavian Hume, a retired British civil servant, with significant support from leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji and Dinshaw Wacha. Gokhale became influential in the Congress later, particularly in the early 20th century, advocating for moderate reforms.

#### 1. Question

Who among the following was NOT a founding member of the Indian National Congress?

• a) Dinshaw Wacha

• b) Dadabhai Naoroji

• c) Gopal Krishna Gokhale

• d) Allan Octavian Hume

Solution: c)

Gopal Krishna Gokhale was a prominent leader of the Indian National Congress, but he was not one of the founding members. The Congress was founded in 1885 by Allan Octavian Hume, a retired British civil servant, with significant support from leaders like Dadabhai Naoroji and Dinshaw Wacha.

Gokhale became influential in the Congress later, particularly in the early 20th century, advocating for moderate reforms.

Solution: c)

Gokhale became influential in the Congress later, particularly in the early 20th century, advocating for moderate reforms.

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Allan Octavian Hume’s contribution to the Indian National Congress was primarily: a) Leading mass protests against British rule. b) Writing an open letter to the graduates of Calcutta University. c) Establishing a network of underground revolutionaries. d) Advocating for immediate self-governance for India. Correct Solution: b) Allan Octavian Hume, a retired British civil servant, played a pivotal role in the formation of the Indian National Congress by writing an open letter to the graduates of Calcutta University in 1883. This letter outlined his vision for a body representing Indian interests and helped mobilize educated Indians to engage in political dialogue with the British government. Hume’s efforts led to the organization of the first Congress meeting in Bombay in 1885, with the approval of Viceroy Lord Dufferin. Incorrect Solution: b) Allan Octavian Hume, a retired British civil servant, played a pivotal role in the formation of the Indian National Congress by writing an open letter to the graduates of Calcutta University in 1883. This letter outlined his vision for a body representing Indian interests and helped mobilize educated Indians to engage in political dialogue with the British government. Hume’s efforts led to the organization of the first Congress meeting in Bombay in 1885, with the approval of Viceroy Lord Dufferin.

#### 2. Question

Allan Octavian Hume’s contribution to the Indian National Congress was primarily:

• a) Leading mass protests against British rule.

• b) Writing an open letter to the graduates of Calcutta University.

• c) Establishing a network of underground revolutionaries.

• d) Advocating for immediate self-governance for India.

Solution: b)

Allan Octavian Hume, a retired British civil servant, played a pivotal role in the formation of the Indian National Congress by writing an open letter to the graduates of Calcutta University in 1883. This letter outlined his vision for a body representing Indian interests and helped mobilize educated Indians to engage in political dialogue with the British government. Hume’s efforts led to the organization of the first Congress meeting in Bombay in 1885, with the approval of Viceroy Lord Dufferin.

Solution: b)

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Which of the following was a significant social reform achieved by the Moderate Nationalists in the late 19th century? a) Abolition of Sati b) Formation of the All India Trade Union Congress c) Introduction of the Widow Remarriage Act d) Resolution of the House of Commons allowing simultaneous ICS exams in India and London Correct Solution: d) The Moderate Nationalists successfully campaigned for the 1893 resolution of the House of Commons, which allowed simultaneous examinations for the Indian Civil Service (ICS) to be held in both London and India. This was a significant achievement as it provided Indian aspirants with better opportunities to enter the prestigious civil services, which had been dominated by British officials. The reform was a step toward increasing Indian participation in the administration and was part of the Moderates’ broader agenda to secure constitutional reforms through dialogue and petitions. Incorrect Solution: d) The Moderate Nationalists successfully campaigned for the 1893 resolution of the House of Commons, which allowed simultaneous examinations for the Indian Civil Service (ICS) to be held in both London and India. This was a significant achievement as it provided Indian aspirants with better opportunities to enter the prestigious civil services, which had been dominated by British officials. The reform was a step toward increasing Indian participation in the administration and was part of the Moderates’ broader agenda to secure constitutional reforms through dialogue and petitions.

#### 3. Question

Which of the following was a significant social reform achieved by the Moderate Nationalists in the late 19th century?

• a) Abolition of Sati

• b) Formation of the All India Trade Union Congress

• c) Introduction of the Widow Remarriage Act

• d) Resolution of the House of Commons allowing simultaneous ICS exams in India and London

Solution: d)

• The Moderate Nationalists successfully campaigned for the 1893 resolution of the House of Commons, which allowed simultaneous examinations for the Indian Civil Service (ICS) to be held in both London and India.

• This was a significant achievement as it provided Indian aspirants with better opportunities to enter the prestigious civil services, which had been dominated by British officials.

• The reform was a step toward increasing Indian participation in the administration and was part of the Moderates’ broader agenda to secure constitutional reforms through dialogue and petitions.

Solution: d)

• This was a significant achievement as it provided Indian aspirants with better opportunities to enter the prestigious civil services, which had been dominated by British officials.

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question The appointment of the Welby Commission in 1895 was an achievement of the Moderate Nationalists. What was the primary focus of this commission? a) To investigate the conditions of Indian agriculture b) To review Indian expenditure and financial relations between India and Britain c) To examine the Indian educational system d) To suggest improvements in public health in India Correct Solution: b) The Welby Commission was appointed in 1895 to investigate Indian expenditure and the financial relationship between India and Britain. The Moderate Nationalists had long argued that India was bearing an unfair financial burden under British rule, and the Commission’s establishment was a result of their persistent advocacy. Although the Commission’s recommendations did not fully address Indian grievances, its appointment was seen as a recognition of the Moderates’ concerns and a partial success in their efforts to bring about financial reforms and greater transparency in the administration. Incorrect Solution: b) The Welby Commission was appointed in 1895 to investigate Indian expenditure and the financial relationship between India and Britain. The Moderate Nationalists had long argued that India was bearing an unfair financial burden under British rule, and the Commission’s establishment was a result of their persistent advocacy. Although the Commission’s recommendations did not fully address Indian grievances, its appointment was seen as a recognition of the Moderates’ concerns and a partial success in their efforts to bring about financial reforms and greater transparency in the administration.

#### 4. Question

The appointment of the Welby Commission in 1895 was an achievement of the Moderate Nationalists. What was the primary focus of this commission?

• a) To investigate the conditions of Indian agriculture

• b) To review Indian expenditure and financial relations between India and Britain

• c) To examine the Indian educational system

• d) To suggest improvements in public health in India

Solution: b)

• The Welby Commission was appointed in 1895 to investigate Indian expenditure and the financial relationship between India and Britain.

• The Moderate Nationalists had long argued that India was bearing an unfair financial burden under British rule, and the Commission’s establishment was a result of their persistent advocacy.

Although the Commission’s recommendations did not fully address Indian grievances, its appointment was seen as a recognition of the Moderates’ concerns and a partial success in their efforts to bring about financial reforms and greater transparency in the administration.

Solution: b)

• The Welby Commission was appointed in 1895 to investigate Indian expenditure and the financial relationship between India and Britain.

• The Moderate Nationalists had long argued that India was bearing an unfair financial burden under British rule, and the Commission’s establishment was a result of their persistent advocacy.

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Which of the following was NOT a characteristic method of the Extremists? a) Petitioning the British government for reforms b) Advocating for non-cooperation with the British c) Reviving traditional Indian festivals to arouse nationalist sentiments d) Emphasizing self-reliance (atmashakti) against British domination Correct Solution: a) Petitioning the British government for reforms was a characteristic method of the Moderates, who believed in peaceful and constitutional means to achieve their goals. The Extremists, on the other hand, advocated for more assertive approaches, including non-cooperation with the British, reviving traditional Indian festivals to inspire nationalism, and promoting self-reliance (atmashakti) to counter British domination. Their approach was more direct and militant compared to the Moderates. Incorrect Solution: a) Petitioning the British government for reforms was a characteristic method of the Moderates, who believed in peaceful and constitutional means to achieve their goals. The Extremists, on the other hand, advocated for more assertive approaches, including non-cooperation with the British, reviving traditional Indian festivals to inspire nationalism, and promoting self-reliance (atmashakti) to counter British domination. Their approach was more direct and militant compared to the Moderates.

#### 5. Question

Which of the following was NOT a characteristic method of the Extremists?

• a) Petitioning the British government for reforms

• b) Advocating for non-cooperation with the British

• c) Reviving traditional Indian festivals to arouse nationalist sentiments

• d) Emphasizing self-reliance (atmashakti) against British domination

Solution: a)

• Petitioning the British government for reforms was a characteristic method of the Moderates, who believed in peaceful and constitutional means to achieve their goals.

• The Extremists, on the other hand, advocated for more assertive approaches, including non-cooperation with the British, reviving traditional Indian festivals to inspire nationalism, and promoting self-reliance (atmashakti) to counter British domination. Their approach was more direct and militant compared to the Moderates.

Solution: a)

• Petitioning the British government for reforms was a characteristic method of the Moderates, who believed in peaceful and constitutional means to achieve their goals.

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