UPSC Static Quiz – Modern India : 12 September 2024

UPSC Static Quiz – Modern India : 12 September 2024 We will post 5 questions daily on static topics mentioned in the UPSC civil services preliminary examination syllabus. Each week will focus on a specific topic from the syllabus, such as History of India and Indian National Movement, Indian and World Geography, and more.We are excited to bring you our daily UPSC Static Quiz, designed to help you prepare for the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination. Each day, we will post 5 questions on static topics mentioned in the UPSC syllabus. This week, we are focusing on Indian and World Geography.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Which British official played a pivotal role in the establishment of the North-Western Frontier Province (NWFP) after the Durand Line agreement? a) Lord Dalhousie b) Lord Lansdowne c) Mortimer Durand d) Lord Curzon Correct Solution: d) Lord Curzon, the Governor-General of India from 1899 to 1905, was instrumental in the creation of the North-Western Frontier Province (NWFP). He aimed to improve administrative efficiency and strengthen British control in the region by establishing tribal levies to replace regular troops. Curzon’s policies in the region were aimed at maintaining order and stability in the aftermath of the Durand Line agreement, which divided the region between Afghanistan and British India. Incorrect Solution: d) Lord Curzon, the Governor-General of India from 1899 to 1905, was instrumental in the creation of the North-Western Frontier Province (NWFP). He aimed to improve administrative efficiency and strengthen British control in the region by establishing tribal levies to replace regular troops. Curzon’s policies in the region were aimed at maintaining order and stability in the aftermath of the Durand Line agreement, which divided the region between Afghanistan and British India.

#### 1. Question

Which British official played a pivotal role in the establishment of the North-Western Frontier Province (NWFP) after the Durand Line agreement?

• a) Lord Dalhousie

• b) Lord Lansdowne

• c) Mortimer Durand

• d) Lord Curzon

Solution: d)

• Lord Curzon, the Governor-General of India from 1899 to 1905, was instrumental in the creation of the North-Western Frontier Province (NWFP).

• He aimed to improve administrative efficiency and strengthen British control in the region by establishing tribal levies to replace regular troops.

Curzon’s policies in the region were aimed at maintaining order and stability in the aftermath of the Durand Line agreement, which divided the region between Afghanistan and British India.

Solution: d)

• Lord Curzon, the Governor-General of India from 1899 to 1905, was instrumental in the creation of the North-Western Frontier Province (NWFP).

• He aimed to improve administrative efficiency and strengthen British control in the region by establishing tribal levies to replace regular troops.

Curzon’s policies in the region were aimed at maintaining order and stability in the aftermath of the Durand Line agreement, which divided the region between Afghanistan and British India.

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Regarding British relations with Nepal and Tibet, consider the following statements: The Treaty of Sagauli was significant in securing British control over regions such as Kumaon and Garhwal from Nepal. The British considered Nepal to be a stable buffer between British India and Tibet or China. Nepal’s foreign policy was primarily dictated by its formal alliance treaty with the British. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 1 is correct because the Treaty of Sagauli in 1816 resulted in Nepal ceding territories like Kumaon, Garhwal, and the Shimla Hills to the British. Statement 2 is also correct as the British saw Nepal as a stable buffer state between British India and Tibet or China, contributing to their overall regional strategy. However, statement 3 is incorrect because there was no formal alliance treaty between the British and Nepal; instead, Nepal aligned its foreign policy with British interests voluntarily, without a formal agreement. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 1 is correct because the Treaty of Sagauli in 1816 resulted in Nepal ceding territories like Kumaon, Garhwal, and the Shimla Hills to the British. Statement 2 is also correct as the British saw Nepal as a stable buffer state between British India and Tibet or China, contributing to their overall regional strategy. However, statement 3 is incorrect because there was no formal alliance treaty between the British and Nepal; instead, Nepal aligned its foreign policy with British interests voluntarily, without a formal agreement.

#### 2. Question

Regarding British relations with Nepal and Tibet, consider the following statements:

• The Treaty of Sagauli was significant in securing British control over regions such as Kumaon and Garhwal from Nepal.

• The British considered Nepal to be a stable buffer between British India and Tibet or China.

• Nepal’s foreign policy was primarily dictated by its formal alliance treaty with the British.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is correct because the Treaty of Sagauli in 1816 resulted in Nepal ceding territories like Kumaon, Garhwal, and the Shimla Hills to the British.

Statement 2 is also correct as the British saw Nepal as a stable buffer state between British India and Tibet or China, contributing to their overall regional strategy.

However, statement 3 is incorrect because there was no formal alliance treaty between the British and Nepal; instead, Nepal aligned its foreign policy with British interests voluntarily, without a formal agreement.

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is correct because the Treaty of Sagauli in 1816 resulted in Nepal ceding territories like Kumaon, Garhwal, and the Shimla Hills to the British.

Statement 2 is also correct as the British saw Nepal as a stable buffer state between British India and Tibet or China, contributing to their overall regional strategy.

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Regarding the North Eastern Frontier Agency (NEFA) and British policy in the region, consider the following statements: NEFA was home to warlike hill tribes who raided the plains, prompting British intervention. The McMahon Line was established to demarcate the British frontier with Tibet. The British pacified the hill tribes by engaging in a series of major wars with them. Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect? a) 1 and 2 only b) 3 only c) 1 and 3 only d) 2 and 3 only Correct Solution: b) Statement 1 is correct because the NEFA region was inhabited by hill tribes known for their raiding activities, which alarmed the British. Statement 2 is also correct, as the McMahon Line was drawn between British India and Tibet, marking the frontier between the two. Statement 3 is incorrect because the British adopted a policy of offering gifts and providing protection rather than engaging in major wars to pacify the hill tribes. The British maintained a more diplomatic approach, using a combination of incentives and limited military action to control the region. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 1 is correct because the NEFA region was inhabited by hill tribes known for their raiding activities, which alarmed the British. Statement 2 is also correct, as the McMahon Line was drawn between British India and Tibet, marking the frontier between the two. Statement 3 is incorrect because the British adopted a policy of offering gifts and providing protection rather than engaging in major wars to pacify the hill tribes. The British maintained a more diplomatic approach, using a combination of incentives and limited military action to control the region.

#### 3. Question

Regarding the North Eastern Frontier Agency (NEFA) and British policy in the region, consider the following statements:

• NEFA was home to warlike hill tribes who raided the plains, prompting British intervention.

• The McMahon Line was established to demarcate the British frontier with Tibet.

• The British pacified the hill tribes by engaging in a series of major wars with them.

Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?

• a) 1 and 2 only

• c) 1 and 3 only

• d) 2 and 3 only

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is correct because the NEFA region was inhabited by hill tribes known for their raiding activities, which alarmed the British.

Statement 2 is also correct, as the McMahon Line was drawn between British India and Tibet, marking the frontier between the two.

Statement 3 is incorrect because the British adopted a policy of offering gifts and providing protection rather than engaging in major wars to pacify the hill tribes. The British maintained a more diplomatic approach, using a combination of incentives and limited military action to control the region.

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is correct because the NEFA region was inhabited by hill tribes known for their raiding activities, which alarmed the British.

Statement 2 is also correct, as the McMahon Line was drawn between British India and Tibet, marking the frontier between the two.

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Consider the following statements about the impact of British colonial policies on Indian famines: British colonial policies neglected agricultural investment, contributing to the vulnerability of Indians to food crises. The expansion of export agriculture by the British provided stability to India’s food consumption and prevented famines. British military needs during times of famine often took priority over the needs of the civilian population. The policy of rack-renting led to the abandonment of lands by Indian farmers, worsening food production. Which of the above statements are correct? a) 1 and 2 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1 and 3 only d) 3 and 4 only Correct Solution: c) Statement 1 is correct as British colonial policies focused on exploiting India’s agricultural resources for export rather than investing in agricultural development, leading to greater vulnerability to famines. Statement 3 is also correct since, during times of famine, the British often prioritized the military and civil services over civilian needs, further exacerbating the food crisis. Statement 2 is incorrect, as the expansion of export agriculture reduced the land available for subsistence farming and worsened famines. Statement 4 is incorrect because rack-renting primarily led to the exploitation of farmers through high taxes, not the abandonment of land. Incorrect Solution: c) Statement 1 is correct as British colonial policies focused on exploiting India’s agricultural resources for export rather than investing in agricultural development, leading to greater vulnerability to famines. Statement 3 is also correct since, during times of famine, the British often prioritized the military and civil services over civilian needs, further exacerbating the food crisis. Statement 2 is incorrect, as the expansion of export agriculture reduced the land available for subsistence farming and worsened famines. Statement 4 is incorrect because rack-renting primarily led to the exploitation of farmers through high taxes, not the abandonment of land.

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements about the impact of British colonial policies on Indian famines:

• British colonial policies neglected agricultural investment, contributing to the vulnerability of Indians to food crises.

• The expansion of export agriculture by the British provided stability to India’s food consumption and prevented famines.

• British military needs during times of famine often took priority over the needs of the civilian population.

• The policy of rack-renting led to the abandonment of lands by Indian farmers, worsening food production.

Which of the above statements are correct?

• a) 1 and 2 only

• b) 2 and 3 only

• c) 1 and 3 only

• d) 3 and 4 only

Solution: c)

Statement 1 is correct as British colonial policies focused on exploiting India’s agricultural resources for export rather than investing in agricultural development, leading to greater vulnerability to famines.

Statement 3 is also correct since, during times of famine, the British often prioritized the military and civil services over civilian needs, further exacerbating the food crisis.

Statement 2 is incorrect, as the expansion of export agriculture reduced the land available for subsistence farming and worsened famines.

Statement 4 is incorrect because rack-renting primarily led to the exploitation of farmers through high taxes, not the abandonment of land.

Solution: c)

Statement 3 is also correct since, during times of famine, the British often prioritized the military and civil services over civilian needs, further exacerbating the food crisis.

Statement 2 is incorrect, as the expansion of export agriculture reduced the land available for subsistence farming and worsened famines.

Statement 4 is incorrect because rack-renting primarily led to the exploitation of farmers through high taxes, not the abandonment of land.

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Who was the British official responsible for initiating the first official missions to Tibet to establish trade relations? a) Warren Hastings b) Lord Curzon c) Lord Dalhousie d) Francis Younghusband Correct Solution: a) Warren Hastings, the first Governor-General of India, was the British official who displayed a keen interest in establishing commercial relations with Tibet. He sent two missions to Tibet, one in 1774 and another in 1783, with the intention of opening trade relations. This early British interest in Tibet was primarily commercial, with no initial intent of military or political interference. Incorrect Solution: a) Warren Hastings, the first Governor-General of India, was the British official who displayed a keen interest in establishing commercial relations with Tibet. He sent two missions to Tibet, one in 1774 and another in 1783, with the intention of opening trade relations. This early British interest in Tibet was primarily commercial, with no initial intent of military or political interference.

#### 5. Question

Who was the British official responsible for initiating the first official missions to Tibet to establish trade relations?

• a) Warren Hastings

• b) Lord Curzon

• c) Lord Dalhousie

• d) Francis Younghusband

Solution: a)

Warren Hastings, the first Governor-General of India, was the British official who displayed a keen interest in establishing commercial relations with Tibet. He sent two missions to Tibet, one in 1774 and another in 1783, with the intention of opening trade relations. This early British interest in Tibet was primarily commercial, with no initial intent of military or political interference.

Solution: a)

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