UPSC Static Quiz – History : 29 August 2025

UPSC Static Quiz – History : 29 August 2025 We will post 5 questions daily on static topics mentioned in the UPSC civil services preliminary examination syllabus. Each week will focus on a specific topic from the syllabus, such as History of India and Indian National Movement, Indian and World Geography, and more.We are excited to bring you our daily UPSC Static Quiz, designed to help you prepare for the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination. Each day, we will post 5 questions on static topics mentioned in the UPSC syllabus. This week, we are focusing on Indian and World Geography.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Consider the following statements about the proposals of the Cabinet Mission of 1946: It rejected the Muslim League’s demand for a sovereign and independent Pakistan. It proposed a three-tiered federal structure with a weak central government. It recommended that the provinces be grouped into three sections, with two of them having Muslim majorities. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: C Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. The Cabinet Mission explicitly rejected the demand for a full-fledged, sovereign state of Pakistan. The mission argued against partition on strategic, economic, and administrative grounds, pointing out that a partitioned state would not solve the communal problem as significant non-Muslim minorities would remain in Pakistan and Muslim minorities in India. Statement 2 is correct. To find a middle ground, the mission proposed a three-tiered federal structure. At the top was a Union of India with a very weak central government, responsible only for defence, foreign affairs, and communications. The provinces had all other powers. This was an attempt to preserve Indian unity while granting maximum autonomy to the provinces, which they hoped would satisfy the Muslim League. Statement 3 is correct. The plan mandated the compulsory grouping of provinces into three sections. Section A would include the Hindu-majority provinces. Section B would include the Muslim-majority provinces in the northwest (Punjab, NWFP, Sindh). Section C would include the Muslim-majority provinces in the northeast (Bengal, Assam). This grouping was the most controversial part, as Congress feared it was a stepping stone to partition, while the League saw it as the mechanism to achieve its objectives. Incorrect Solution: C Explanation: Statement 1 is correct. The Cabinet Mission explicitly rejected the demand for a full-fledged, sovereign state of Pakistan. The mission argued against partition on strategic, economic, and administrative grounds, pointing out that a partitioned state would not solve the communal problem as significant non-Muslim minorities would remain in Pakistan and Muslim minorities in India. Statement 2 is correct. To find a middle ground, the mission proposed a three-tiered federal structure. At the top was a Union of India with a very weak central government, responsible only for defence, foreign affairs, and communications. The provinces had all other powers. This was an attempt to preserve Indian unity while granting maximum autonomy to the provinces, which they hoped would satisfy the Muslim League. Statement 3 is correct. The plan mandated the compulsory grouping of provinces into three sections. Section A would include the Hindu-majority provinces. Section B would include the Muslim-majority provinces in the northwest (Punjab, NWFP, Sindh). Section C would include the Muslim-majority provinces in the northeast (Bengal, Assam). This grouping was the most controversial part, as Congress feared it was a stepping stone to partition, while the League saw it as the mechanism to achieve its objectives.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements about the proposals of the Cabinet Mission of 1946:

• It rejected the Muslim League’s demand for a sovereign and independent Pakistan.

• It proposed a three-tiered federal structure with a weak central government.

• It recommended that the provinces be grouped into three sections, with two of them having Muslim majorities.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: C

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct. The Cabinet Mission explicitly rejected the demand for a full-fledged, sovereign state of Pakistan. The mission argued against partition on strategic, economic, and administrative grounds, pointing out that a partitioned state would not solve the communal problem as significant non-Muslim minorities would remain in Pakistan and Muslim minorities in India.

• Statement 2 is correct. To find a middle ground, the mission proposed a three-tiered federal structure. At the top was a Union of India with a very weak central government, responsible only for defence, foreign affairs, and communications. The provinces had all other powers. This was an attempt to preserve Indian unity while granting maximum autonomy to the provinces, which they hoped would satisfy the Muslim League.

• Statement 3 is correct. The plan mandated the compulsory grouping of provinces into three sections. Section A would include the Hindu-majority provinces. Section B would include the Muslim-majority provinces in the northwest (Punjab, NWFP, Sindh). Section C would include the Muslim-majority provinces in the northeast (Bengal, Assam). This grouping was the most controversial part, as Congress feared it was a stepping stone to partition, while the League saw it as the mechanism to achieve its objectives.

Solution: C

Explanation:

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Match the following post-war upsurges with their key features and associated groups: List-I (Uprising) List-II (Key Feature) List-III (Primary Location/Group) A. Tebhaga Movement 1. Protest against racial discrimination and for release of INA prisoners 1. Bombay, Karachi B. RIN Mutiny 2. Demand for two-thirds share of the produce for sharecroppers 2. Bengal C. Varlis’ Revolt 3. Struggle against exploitation by landlords and moneylenders 3. Thane, Maharashtra Select the correct answer code: (a) A-2-ii, B-1-i, C-3-iii (b) A-1-i, B-2-ii, C-3-iii (c) A-3-iii, B-1-i, C-2-ii (d) A-2-ii, B-3-iii, C-1-i Correct Solution: A Explanation: Tebhaga Movement is correctly matched with 2. Demand for two-thirds share of the produce for sharecroppers and ii. Bengal. The Tebhaga movement (1946-47) was a major peasant agitation in Bengal initiated by the Kisan Sabha. The central slogan of the movement was “Tebhaga chai,” which means “we want two-thirds.” It was a demand by the sharecroppers (bargadars) that they should get two-thirds of the harvested crop, with the remaining one-third going to the landlords (jotedars), reversing the existing norm of half-and-half. RIN Mutiny is correctly matched with 1. Protest against racial discrimination and for release of INA prisoners and i. Bombay, Karachi. The Royal Indian Navy Mutiny of February 1946 began in Bombay and quickly spread to other naval establishments, with Karachi being another major centre of the revolt. While it started with complaints about food and racism, its demands quickly escalated to include nationalist political issues like the release of prisoners from the Indian National Army (INA). Varlis’ Revolt is correctly matched with 3. Struggle against exploitation by landlords and moneylenders and iii. Thane, Maharashtra. The Varlis, an adivasi (tribal) community in the Thane district of Maharashtra, organized a major revolt in 1945-47 under the leadership of the Kisan Sabha. Their struggle was against the triple exploitation by landlords, moneylenders, and forest contractors, and they fought against forced labour (vethbegar) and for fair wages and debt relief. Incorrect Solution: A Explanation: Tebhaga Movement is correctly matched with 2. Demand for two-thirds share of the produce for sharecroppers and ii. Bengal. The Tebhaga movement (1946-47) was a major peasant agitation in Bengal initiated by the Kisan Sabha. The central slogan of the movement was “Tebhaga chai,” which means “we want two-thirds.” It was a demand by the sharecroppers (bargadars) that they should get two-thirds of the harvested crop, with the remaining one-third going to the landlords (jotedars), reversing the existing norm of half-and-half. RIN Mutiny is correctly matched with 1. Protest against racial discrimination and for release of INA prisoners and i. Bombay, Karachi. The Royal Indian Navy Mutiny of February 1946 began in Bombay and quickly spread to other naval establishments, with Karachi being another major centre of the revolt. While it started with complaints about food and racism, its demands quickly escalated to include nationalist political issues like the release of prisoners from the Indian National Army (INA). Varlis’ Revolt is correctly matched with 3. Struggle against exploitation by landlords and moneylenders and iii. Thane, Maharashtra. The Varlis, an adivasi (tribal) community in the Thane district of Maharashtra, organized a major revolt in 1945-47 under the leadership of the Kisan Sabha. Their struggle was against the triple exploitation by landlords, moneylenders, and forest contractors, and they fought against forced labour (vethbegar) and for fair wages and debt relief.

#### 2. Question

Match the following post-war upsurges with their key features and associated groups:

List-I (Uprising) | List-II (Key Feature) | List-III (Primary Location/Group)

A. Tebhaga Movement | 1. Protest against racial discrimination and for release of INA prisoners | 1. Bombay, Karachi

B. RIN Mutiny | 2. Demand for two-thirds share of the produce for sharecroppers | 2. Bengal

C. Varlis’ Revolt | 3. Struggle against exploitation by landlords and moneylenders | 3. Thane, Maharashtra

Select the correct answer code:

• (a) A-2-ii, B-1-i, C-3-iii

• (b) A-1-i, B-2-ii, C-3-iii

• (c) A-3-iii, B-1-i, C-2-ii

• (d) A-2-ii, B-3-iii, C-1-i

Solution: A

Explanation:

• Tebhaga Movement is correctly matched with 2. Demand for two-thirds share of the produce for sharecroppers and ii. Bengal. The Tebhaga movement (1946-47) was a major peasant agitation in Bengal initiated by the Kisan Sabha. The central slogan of the movement was “Tebhaga chai,” which means “we want two-thirds.” It was a demand by the sharecroppers (bargadars) that they should get two-thirds of the harvested crop, with the remaining one-third going to the landlords (jotedars), reversing the existing norm of half-and-half.

• RIN Mutiny is correctly matched with 1. Protest against racial discrimination and for release of INA prisoners and i. Bombay, Karachi. The Royal Indian Navy Mutiny of February 1946 began in Bombay and quickly spread to other naval establishments, with Karachi being another major centre of the revolt. While it started with complaints about food and racism, its demands quickly escalated to include nationalist political issues like the release of prisoners from the Indian National Army (INA).

• Varlis’ Revolt is correctly matched with 3. Struggle against exploitation by landlords and moneylenders and iii. Thane, Maharashtra. The Varlis, an adivasi (tribal) community in the Thane district of Maharashtra, organized a major revolt in 1945-47 under the leadership of the Kisan Sabha. Their struggle was against the triple exploitation by landlords, moneylenders, and forest contractors, and they fought against forced labour (vethbegar) and for fair wages and debt relief.

Solution: A

Explanation:

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question With reference to the Rajagopalachari Formula (or C.R. Formula) of 1944, consider the following statements: It proposed that a plebiscite to decide on the question of a separate sovereign state would be conducted among the entire population of the Muslim-majority areas in the North-West and North-East. It provided for a joint agreement to safeguard common interests like defence, commerce, and communications, which would be binding even if the plebiscite favoured partition. Mahatma Gandhi supported the formula as a basis for his talks with Muhammad Ali Jinnah. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: C Explanation: The C.R. Formula, proposed by Chakravarti Rajagopalachari in 1944, was a significant attempt to break the political deadlock between the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League. Statement 1 is correct because a key feature of the formula was the proposal for a post-war commission to demarcate contiguous districts in North-West and North-East India where Muslims were in an absolute majority. A plebiscite of all the inhabitants (not just Muslims) in these areas would then decide whether to form a separate sovereign state. This was a major point of contention for M.A. Jinnah, who insisted that only Muslims should vote in the plebiscite, as he believed non-Muslims would invariably vote against partition and distort the outcome. Statement 2 is also correct. The formula explicitly stated that in the event of partition being accepted, a mutual agreement would be entered into for safeguarding essential services like defence, commerce, and communications for both the new states. This provision for a common centre was another aspect Jinnah opposed, as it diluted his vision of a completely sovereign Pakistan. Statement 3 is correct. Mahatma Gandhi, seeking a resolution to the communal impasse, used the C.R. Formula as the basis for his negotiations with Jinnah in September 1944, indicating his tacit approval of the plan as a potential compromise. Incorrect Solution: C Explanation: The C.R. Formula, proposed by Chakravarti Rajagopalachari in 1944, was a significant attempt to break the political deadlock between the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League. Statement 1 is correct because a key feature of the formula was the proposal for a post-war commission to demarcate contiguous districts in North-West and North-East India where Muslims were in an absolute majority. A plebiscite of all the inhabitants (not just Muslims) in these areas would then decide whether to form a separate sovereign state. This was a major point of contention for M.A. Jinnah, who insisted that only Muslims should vote in the plebiscite, as he believed non-Muslims would invariably vote against partition and distort the outcome. Statement 2 is also correct. The formula explicitly stated that in the event of partition being accepted, a mutual agreement would be entered into for safeguarding essential services like defence, commerce, and communications for both the new states. This provision for a common centre was another aspect Jinnah opposed, as it diluted his vision of a completely sovereign Pakistan. Statement 3 is correct. Mahatma Gandhi, seeking a resolution to the communal impasse, used the C.R. Formula as the basis for his negotiations with Jinnah in September 1944, indicating his tacit approval of the plan as a potential compromise.

#### 3. Question

With reference to the Rajagopalachari Formula (or C.R. Formula) of 1944, consider the following statements:

• It proposed that a plebiscite to decide on the question of a separate sovereign state would be conducted among the entire population of the Muslim-majority areas in the North-West and North-East.

• It provided for a joint agreement to safeguard common interests like defence, commerce, and communications, which would be binding even if the plebiscite favoured partition.

• Mahatma Gandhi supported the formula as a basis for his talks with Muhammad Ali Jinnah.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: C

Explanation:

• The C.R. Formula, proposed by Chakravarti Rajagopalachari in 1944, was a significant attempt to break the political deadlock between the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League.

• Statement 1 is correct because a key feature of the formula was the proposal for a post-war commission to demarcate contiguous districts in North-West and North-East India where Muslims were in an absolute majority. A plebiscite of all the inhabitants (not just Muslims) in these areas would then decide whether to form a separate sovereign state. This was a major point of contention for M.A. Jinnah, who insisted that only Muslims should vote in the plebiscite, as he believed non-Muslims would invariably vote against partition and distort the outcome.

• Statement 2 is also correct. The formula explicitly stated that in the event of partition being accepted, a mutual agreement would be entered into for safeguarding essential services like defence, commerce, and communications for both the new states. This provision for a common centre was another aspect Jinnah opposed, as it diluted his vision of a completely sovereign Pakistan.

• Statement 3 is correct. Mahatma Gandhi, seeking a resolution to the communal impasse, used the C.R. Formula as the basis for his negotiations with Jinnah in September 1944, indicating his tacit approval of the plan as a potential compromise.

Solution: C

Explanation:

• The C.R. Formula, proposed by Chakravarti Rajagopalachari in 1944, was a significant attempt to break the political deadlock between the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League.

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Consider the following statements regarding the character of the Royal Indian Navy (RIN) Mutiny of 1946: The mutiny was actively planned and led by the senior leadership of the Indian National Congress. The mutineers hoisted only the flag of the Congress party on the captured ships, signifying their allegiance. The uprising remained confined to the naval ratings in Bombay and failed to inspire sympathetic strikes elsewhere. How many of the above statements are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: D Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. The RIN mutiny was a spontaneous uprising that lacked any organized political leadership from the mainstream parties. In fact, the senior leadership of the Indian National Congress, including Sardar Patel and Mahatma Gandhi, condemned the mutiny. They feared that such undisciplined, armed revolts would lead to chaos and jeopardize the ongoing negotiations for a peaceful transfer of power. Statement 2 is incorrect. A remarkable feature of the mutiny was the display of communal unity. The revolting ships hoisted three flags tied together: those of the Congress, the Muslim League, and the Red Flag of the Communist Party of India. This was a conscious political statement by the ratings, signifying their united front against the British, downplaying the communal divisions that were being fostered by political leaders at the time. Statement 3 is incorrect. The mutiny, which started in Bombay, spread rapidly and found widespread support. It eventually involved over 20,000 sailors in 78 ships and 20 shore establishments across British India, from Karachi to Calcutta, and included cities like Madras, Vizag, and Cochin. Furthermore, it inspired sympathetic strikes by the Royal Indian Air Force and the local populace, most notably a massive general strike in Bombay where hundreds of thousands of workers came out in support. Incorrect Solution: D Explanation: Statement 1 is incorrect. The RIN mutiny was a spontaneous uprising that lacked any organized political leadership from the mainstream parties. In fact, the senior leadership of the Indian National Congress, including Sardar Patel and Mahatma Gandhi, condemned the mutiny. They feared that such undisciplined, armed revolts would lead to chaos and jeopardize the ongoing negotiations for a peaceful transfer of power. Statement 2 is incorrect. A remarkable feature of the mutiny was the display of communal unity. The revolting ships hoisted three flags tied together: those of the Congress, the Muslim League, and the Red Flag of the Communist Party of India. This was a conscious political statement by the ratings, signifying their united front against the British, downplaying the communal divisions that were being fostered by political leaders at the time. Statement 3 is incorrect. The mutiny, which started in Bombay, spread rapidly and found widespread support. It eventually involved over 20,000 sailors in 78 ships and 20 shore establishments across British India, from Karachi to Calcutta, and included cities like Madras, Vizag, and Cochin. Furthermore, it inspired sympathetic strikes by the Royal Indian Air Force and the local populace, most notably a massive general strike in Bombay where hundreds of thousands of workers came out in support.

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the character of the Royal Indian Navy (RIN) Mutiny of 1946:

• The mutiny was actively planned and led by the senior leadership of the Indian National Congress.

• The mutineers hoisted only the flag of the Congress party on the captured ships, signifying their allegiance.

• The uprising remained confined to the naval ratings in Bombay and failed to inspire sympathetic strikes elsewhere.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: D

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is incorrect. The RIN mutiny was a spontaneous uprising that lacked any organized political leadership from the mainstream parties. In fact, the senior leadership of the Indian National Congress, including Sardar Patel and Mahatma Gandhi, condemned the mutiny. They feared that such undisciplined, armed revolts would lead to chaos and jeopardize the ongoing negotiations for a peaceful transfer of power.

• Statement 2 is incorrect. A remarkable feature of the mutiny was the display of communal unity. The revolting ships hoisted three flags tied together: those of the Congress, the Muslim League, and the Red Flag of the Communist Party of India. This was a conscious political statement by the ratings, signifying their united front against the British, downplaying the communal divisions that were being fostered by political leaders at the time.

• Statement 3 is incorrect. The mutiny, which started in Bombay, spread rapidly and found widespread support. It eventually involved over 20,000 sailors in 78 ships and 20 shore establishments across British India, from Karachi to Calcutta, and included cities like Madras, Vizag, and Cochin. Furthermore, it inspired sympathetic strikes by the Royal Indian Air Force and the local populace, most notably a massive general strike in Bombay where hundreds of thousands of workers came out in support.

Solution: D

Explanation:

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Consider the following statements regarding Indian Independence Act, 1947: Statement-I: The Indian Independence Act, 1947, provided for the lapse of British paramountcy over the princely states. Statement-II: The Act explicitly mandated that all princely states must accede to either the Dominion of India or the Dominion of Pakistan. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: C Explanation: Statement-I is correct. A key provision of the Act was the termination of British suzerainty, or paramountcy, over the hundreds of princely states. This meant that the complex web of treaties and obligations that tied the states to the British Crown was officially dissolved, and British authority over them ended. Statement-II is incorrect. The Act did not mandate accession to either dominion. Instead, by causing paramountcy to lapse, it left the states in a legal vacuum. They were given three theoretical options: accede to India, accede to Pakistan, or remain independent. This provision was a source of immense political turmoil, as it raised the possibility of the “Balkanization” of the subcontinent, with numerous states potentially opting for independence. The integration of states like Jammu and Kashmir, Hyderabad, and Junagadh became major challenges for the newly independent Indian government precisely because the Act did not compel their accession. The British government’s decision to grant this “choice” can be seen as a final, calculated geopolitical move, leaving behind a legacy of potential instability. Incorrect Solution: C Explanation: Statement-I is correct. A key provision of the Act was the termination of British suzerainty, or paramountcy, over the hundreds of princely states. This meant that the complex web of treaties and obligations that tied the states to the British Crown was officially dissolved, and British authority over them ended. Statement-II is incorrect. The Act did not mandate accession to either dominion. Instead, by causing paramountcy to lapse, it left the states in a legal vacuum. They were given three theoretical options: accede to India, accede to Pakistan, or remain independent. This provision was a source of immense political turmoil, as it raised the possibility of the “Balkanization” of the subcontinent, with numerous states potentially opting for independence. The integration of states like Jammu and Kashmir, Hyderabad, and Junagadh became major challenges for the newly independent Indian government precisely because the Act did not compel their accession. The British government’s decision to grant this “choice” can be seen as a final, calculated geopolitical move, leaving behind a legacy of potential instability.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Indian Independence Act, 1947:

Statement-I: The Indian Independence Act, 1947, provided for the lapse of British paramountcy over the princely states.

Statement-II: The Act explicitly mandated that all princely states must accede to either the Dominion of India or the Dominion of Pakistan.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

• (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Solution: C

Explanation:

• Statement-I is correct. A key provision of the Act was the termination of British suzerainty, or paramountcy, over the hundreds of princely states. This meant that the complex web of treaties and obligations that tied the states to the British Crown was officially dissolved, and British authority over them ended.

• Statement-II is incorrect. The Act did not mandate accession to either dominion. Instead, by causing paramountcy to lapse, it left the states in a legal vacuum. They were given three theoretical options: accede to India, accede to Pakistan, or remain independent. This provision was a source of immense political turmoil, as it raised the possibility of the “Balkanization” of the subcontinent, with numerous states potentially opting for independence. The integration of states like Jammu and Kashmir, Hyderabad, and Junagadh became major challenges for the newly independent Indian government precisely because the Act did not compel their accession. The British government’s decision to grant this “choice” can be seen as a final, calculated geopolitical move, leaving behind a legacy of potential instability.

Solution: C

Explanation:

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