UPSC Static Quiz – History : 27 May 2025

UPSC Static Quiz – History : 27 May 2025 We will post 5 questions daily on static topics mentioned in the UPSC civil services preliminary examination syllabus. Each week will focus on a specific topic from the syllabus, such as History of India and Indian National Movement, Indian and World Geography, and more.We are excited to bring you our daily UPSC Static Quiz, designed to help you prepare for the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination. Each day, we will post 5 questions on static topics mentioned in the UPSC syllabus. This week, we are focusing on Indian and World Geography.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question In the context of the Indian freedom struggle, Rabindranath Tagore renounced his knighthood as a protest against which of the following events? (a) The Partition of Bengal in 1905 (b) The Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919 (c) The passing of the Rowlatt Act in 1919 (d) The arrest of Mahatma Gandhi during the Non-Cooperation Movement Correct Solution: b) Rabindranath Tagore renounced his knighthood, conferred upon him by the British Crown in 1915, on 31st May 1919, as a direct response to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre that occurred on 13th April 1919 in Amritsar. In his letter to Lord Chelmsford, the then Viceroy of India, Tagore expressed his profound anguish and condemnation of the brutal act where British Indian Army troops fired on a large crowd of unarmed protesters, resulting in hundreds of deaths and injuries. He stated that “the time has come when badges of honour make our shame glaring in their incongruous context of humiliation”. This act of renunciation was a powerful symbolic protest against British injustice and brutality, highlighting his solidarity with his countrymen and his moral stand against oppressive colonial rule. While Tagore was actively involved in the Swadeshi Movement following the Partition of Bengal and had strong views on British policies like the Rowlatt Act, the immediate trigger for renouncing his knighthood was unequivocally the Jallianwala Bagh tragedy. Incorrect Solution: b) Rabindranath Tagore renounced his knighthood, conferred upon him by the British Crown in 1915, on 31st May 1919, as a direct response to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre that occurred on 13th April 1919 in Amritsar. In his letter to Lord Chelmsford, the then Viceroy of India, Tagore expressed his profound anguish and condemnation of the brutal act where British Indian Army troops fired on a large crowd of unarmed protesters, resulting in hundreds of deaths and injuries. He stated that “the time has come when badges of honour make our shame glaring in their incongruous context of humiliation”. This act of renunciation was a powerful symbolic protest against British injustice and brutality, highlighting his solidarity with his countrymen and his moral stand against oppressive colonial rule. While Tagore was actively involved in the Swadeshi Movement following the Partition of Bengal and had strong views on British policies like the Rowlatt Act, the immediate trigger for renouncing his knighthood was unequivocally the Jallianwala Bagh tragedy.

#### 1. Question

In the context of the Indian freedom struggle, Rabindranath Tagore renounced his knighthood as a protest against which of the following events?

• (a) The Partition of Bengal in 1905

• (b) The Jallianwala Bagh massacre in 1919

• (c) The passing of the Rowlatt Act in 1919

• (d) The arrest of Mahatma Gandhi during the Non-Cooperation Movement

Solution: b)

• Rabindranath Tagore renounced his knighthood, conferred upon him by the British Crown in 1915, on 31st May 1919, as a direct response to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre that occurred on 13th April 1919 in Amritsar.

• In his letter to Lord Chelmsford, the then Viceroy of India, Tagore expressed his profound anguish and condemnation of the brutal act where British Indian Army troops fired on a large crowd of unarmed protesters, resulting in hundreds of deaths and injuries.

• He stated that “the time has come when badges of honour make our shame glaring in their incongruous context of humiliation”. This act of renunciation was a powerful symbolic protest against British injustice and brutality, highlighting his solidarity with his countrymen and his moral stand against oppressive colonial rule.

• While Tagore was actively involved in the Swadeshi Movement following the Partition of Bengal and had strong views on British policies like the Rowlatt Act, the immediate trigger for renouncing his knighthood was unequivocally the Jallianwala Bagh tragedy.

Solution: b)

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Consider the following statements regarding Komagata Maru incident. Statement-I: The Komagata Maru incident involved a Japanese steamship carrying Indian immigrants, primarily Sikhs, who were denied entry into Canada in 1914. Statement-II: The incident highlighted discriminatory immigration laws of Canada targeting Asians and significantly fuelled resentment against British colonial rule, strengthening the Ghadar Movement. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: a) Statement-I is correct. The Komagata Maru was indeed a Japanese steamship chartered by Gurdit Singh, an Indian contractor, to transport 376 Indian passengers (predominantly Sikhs, but also including Muslims and Hindus) to Vancouver, Canada, in 1914. They were, however, largely denied entry by Canadian authorities due to restrictive immigration policies. Statement-II is correct. The denial of entry was a direct consequence of Canada’s discriminatory immigration laws, such as the Continuous Passage Act, which were designed to curb Asian immigration. The plight of the passengers and their forceful return to Budge Budge, Calcutta, where a violent confrontation with police resulted in deaths and arrests, evoked widespread anger and indignation among Indians globally. This incident became a rallying point against racial discrimination and British colonial rule, significantly bolstering the activities and support for the Ghadar Movement, which aimed to overthrow British rule in India through armed struggle. The Ghadarites had actively engaged with the passengers during the voyage and used the incident to expose British injustice. Thus, Statement-II provides the context and consequence directly related to the event described in Statement-I, making it a correct explanation. Incorrect Solution: a) Statement-I is correct. The Komagata Maru was indeed a Japanese steamship chartered by Gurdit Singh, an Indian contractor, to transport 376 Indian passengers (predominantly Sikhs, but also including Muslims and Hindus) to Vancouver, Canada, in 1914. They were, however, largely denied entry by Canadian authorities due to restrictive immigration policies. Statement-II is correct. The denial of entry was a direct consequence of Canada’s discriminatory immigration laws, such as the Continuous Passage Act, which were designed to curb Asian immigration. The plight of the passengers and their forceful return to Budge Budge, Calcutta, where a violent confrontation with police resulted in deaths and arrests, evoked widespread anger and indignation among Indians globally. This incident became a rallying point against racial discrimination and British colonial rule, significantly bolstering the activities and support for the Ghadar Movement, which aimed to overthrow British rule in India through armed struggle. The Ghadarites had actively engaged with the passengers during the voyage and used the incident to expose British injustice. Thus, Statement-II provides the context and consequence directly related to the event described in Statement-I, making it a correct explanation.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Komagata Maru incident.

Statement-I: The Komagata Maru incident involved a Japanese steamship carrying Indian immigrants, primarily Sikhs, who were denied entry into Canada in 1914.

Statement-II: The incident highlighted discriminatory immigration laws of Canada targeting Asians and significantly fuelled resentment against British colonial rule, strengthening the Ghadar Movement.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

• (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Solution: a)

• Statement-I is correct. The Komagata Maru was indeed a Japanese steamship chartered by Gurdit Singh, an Indian contractor, to transport 376 Indian passengers (predominantly Sikhs, but also including Muslims and Hindus) to Vancouver, Canada, in 1914. They were, however, largely denied entry by Canadian authorities due to restrictive immigration policies.

• Statement-II is correct. The denial of entry was a direct consequence of Canada’s discriminatory immigration laws, such as the Continuous Passage Act, which were designed to curb Asian immigration. The plight of the passengers and their forceful return to Budge Budge, Calcutta, where a violent confrontation with police resulted in deaths and arrests, evoked widespread anger and indignation among Indians globally.

• This incident became a rallying point against racial discrimination and British colonial rule, significantly bolstering the activities and support for the Ghadar Movement, which aimed to overthrow British rule in India through armed struggle. The Ghadarites had actively engaged with the passengers during the voyage and used the incident to expose British injustice.

• Thus, Statement-II provides the context and consequence directly related to the event described in Statement-I, making it a correct explanation.

Solution: a)

• Thus, Statement-II provides the context and consequence directly related to the event described in Statement-I, making it a correct explanation.

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Match List-I (Movement) with List-II (Primary Method/Characteristic) and List-III (Key Objective/Outcome): List-I (Movement) List-II (Primary Method/Characteristic) List-III (Key Objective/Outcome) P. Non-Cooperation Movement (NCM) 1. Deliberate violation of specific laws (e.g., salt laws) X. Complete Independence (Purna Swaraj) Q. Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM) 2. Boycott of British goods, institutions, and refusal to pay taxes Y. Rectification of Khilafat and Punjab wrongs, attainment of Swaraj R. Swadeshi Movement 3. Promotion of indigenous products and boycott of foreign manufactures Z. Annulment of the Partition of Bengal Select the correct match: (a) P-3-Y, Q-1-Z, R-2-X (b) P-1-X, Q-2-Y, R-3-Z (c) P-2-Z, Q-3-X, R-1-Y (d) P-2-Y, Q-1-X, R-3-Z Correct Solution: d) Non-Cooperation Movement (NCM) (1920-22) primarily involved the boycott of British goods, legislative councils, courts, and educational institutions, surrender of titles, and non-payment of taxes as methods of protest. Its key objectives were the rectification of the Khilafat wrong, redressal for the Punjab wrongs (Jallianwala Bagh massacre), and the attainment of Swaraj (self-rule, though not explicitly defined as complete independence initially). So, P matches with 2 and Y. Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM) (launched 1930) was characterized by the deliberate violation of specific unjust laws, famously beginning with the Dandi Salt March and the breaking of salt laws. Its declared aim, following the Lahore Congress of 1929, was Complete Independence (Purna Swaraj). So, Q matches with 1 and X. Swadeshi Movement (1905-1908) focused on the promotion of indigenous (Swadeshi) goods and industries and the boycott of foreign (especially British) manufactures. It was launched primarily as a protest against the Partition of Bengal, and one of its initial key objectives was the annulment of the Partition. So, R matches with 3 and Z. Incorrect Solution: d) Non-Cooperation Movement (NCM) (1920-22) primarily involved the boycott of British goods, legislative councils, courts, and educational institutions, surrender of titles, and non-payment of taxes as methods of protest. Its key objectives were the rectification of the Khilafat wrong, redressal for the Punjab wrongs (Jallianwala Bagh massacre), and the attainment of Swaraj (self-rule, though not explicitly defined as complete independence initially). So, P matches with 2 and Y. Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM) (launched 1930) was characterized by the deliberate violation of specific unjust laws, famously beginning with the Dandi Salt March and the breaking of salt laws. Its declared aim, following the Lahore Congress of 1929, was Complete Independence (Purna Swaraj). So, Q matches with 1 and X. Swadeshi Movement (1905-1908) focused on the promotion of indigenous (Swadeshi) goods and industries and the boycott of foreign (especially British) manufactures. It was launched primarily as a protest against the Partition of Bengal, and one of its initial key objectives was the annulment of the Partition. So, R matches with 3 and Z.

#### 3. Question

Match List-I (Movement) with List-II (Primary Method/Characteristic) and List-III (Key Objective/Outcome):

List-I (Movement) | List-II (Primary Method/Characteristic) | List-III (Key Objective/Outcome)

P. Non-Cooperation Movement (NCM) | 1. Deliberate violation of specific laws (e.g., salt laws) | X. Complete Independence (Purna Swaraj)

Q. Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM) | 2. Boycott of British goods, institutions, and refusal to pay taxes | Y. Rectification of Khilafat and Punjab wrongs, attainment of Swaraj

R. Swadeshi Movement | 3. Promotion of indigenous products and boycott of foreign manufactures | Z. Annulment of the Partition of Bengal

Select the correct match:

• (a) P-3-Y, Q-1-Z, R-2-X

• (b) P-1-X, Q-2-Y, R-3-Z

• (c) P-2-Z, Q-3-X, R-1-Y

• (d) P-2-Y, Q-1-X, R-3-Z

Solution: d)

• Non-Cooperation Movement (NCM) (1920-22) primarily involved the boycott of British goods, legislative councils, courts, and educational institutions, surrender of titles, and non-payment of taxes as methods of protest. Its key objectives were the rectification of the Khilafat wrong, redressal for the Punjab wrongs (Jallianwala Bagh massacre), and the attainment of Swaraj (self-rule, though not explicitly defined as complete independence initially). So, P matches with 2 and Y.

• Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM) (launched 1930) was characterized by the deliberate violation of specific unjust laws, famously beginning with the Dandi Salt March and the breaking of salt laws. Its declared aim, following the Lahore Congress of 1929, was Complete Independence (Purna Swaraj). So, Q matches with 1 and X.

• Swadeshi Movement (1905-1908) focused on the promotion of indigenous (Swadeshi) goods and industries and the boycott of foreign (especially British) manufactures. It was launched primarily as a protest against the Partition of Bengal, and one of its initial key objectives was the annulment of the Partition. So, R matches with 3 and Z.

Solution: d)

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question The Bardoli Satyagraha (1928) holds significance in the Indian freedom struggle primarily because: (a) It was the first peasant movement led directly by Mahatma Gandhi after his return from South Africa. (b) It successfully compelled the British government to abolish the oppressive Tinkathia system. (c) It demonstrated the power of organized, non-violent peasant resistance against arbitrary tax hikes and established Vallabhbhai Patel as a prominent national leader. (d) It led to the immediate grant of land ownership rights to all tenant farmers in the Bombay Presidency. Correct Solution: c) The Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928 was a major peasant movement in Gujarat against an arbitrary enhancement of land revenue (by 30%, later reduced to 22%) by the Bombay Presidency government. Option (a) is incorrect. While Mahatma Gandhi supported the Bardoli Satyagraha through his writings and was present in Bardoli during its escalation, the movement was led by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. Gandhi had already led movements like Champaran, Kheda, and the Non-Cooperation Movement. Option (b) is incorrect. The Tinkathia system (forcing peasants to grow indigo on 3/20th of their land) was associated with the Champaran Satyagraha (1917), not Bardoli. Option (c) is correct. The Satyagraha, under Vallabhbhai Patel’s astute leadership, involved organized, non-violent resistance by the peasants, including refusal to pay the enhanced revenue, social boycott of government officials, and enduring repression. It ultimately forced the government to appoint an inquiry committee (Maxwell-Broomfield Commission), which found the revenue hike unjustified and recommended a much lower increase (6.03%). This success demonstrated the efficacy of Gandhian methods in peasant mobilization and significantly elevated Vallabhbhai Patel’s stature as a national leader, earning him the title ‘Sardar’ from the women of Bardoli. Option (d) is incorrect. While the Satyagraha led to the restoration of confiscated lands and a reduction in revenue, it did not result in the immediate grant of universal land ownership rights to all tenant farmers across the Bombay Presidency. Its focus was on the specific issue of unjust revenue enhancement in Bardoli. Incorrect Solution: c) The Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928 was a major peasant movement in Gujarat against an arbitrary enhancement of land revenue (by 30%, later reduced to 22%) by the Bombay Presidency government. Option (a) is incorrect. While Mahatma Gandhi supported the Bardoli Satyagraha through his writings and was present in Bardoli during its escalation, the movement was led by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. Gandhi had already led movements like Champaran, Kheda, and the Non-Cooperation Movement. Option (b) is incorrect. The Tinkathia system (forcing peasants to grow indigo on 3/20th of their land) was associated with the Champaran Satyagraha (1917), not Bardoli. Option (c) is correct. The Satyagraha, under Vallabhbhai Patel’s astute leadership, involved organized, non-violent resistance by the peasants, including refusal to pay the enhanced revenue, social boycott of government officials, and enduring repression. It ultimately forced the government to appoint an inquiry committee (Maxwell-Broomfield Commission), which found the revenue hike unjustified and recommended a much lower increase (6.03%). This success demonstrated the efficacy of Gandhian methods in peasant mobilization and significantly elevated Vallabhbhai Patel’s stature as a national leader, earning him the title ‘Sardar’ from the women of Bardoli. Option (d) is incorrect. While the Satyagraha led to the restoration of confiscated lands and a reduction in revenue, it did not result in the immediate grant of universal land ownership rights to all tenant farmers across the Bombay Presidency. Its focus was on the specific issue of unjust revenue enhancement in Bardoli.

#### 4. Question

The Bardoli Satyagraha (1928) holds significance in the Indian freedom struggle primarily because:

• (a) It was the first peasant movement led directly by Mahatma Gandhi after his return from South Africa.

• (b) It successfully compelled the British government to abolish the oppressive Tinkathia system.

• (c) It demonstrated the power of organized, non-violent peasant resistance against arbitrary tax hikes and established Vallabhbhai Patel as a prominent national leader.

• (d) It led to the immediate grant of land ownership rights to all tenant farmers in the Bombay Presidency.

Solution: c)

The Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928 was a major peasant movement in Gujarat against an arbitrary enhancement of land revenue (by 30%, later reduced to 22%) by the Bombay Presidency government.

Option (a) is incorrect. While Mahatma Gandhi supported the Bardoli Satyagraha through his writings and was present in Bardoli during its escalation, the movement was led by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. Gandhi had already led movements like Champaran, Kheda, and the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Option (b) is incorrect. The Tinkathia system (forcing peasants to grow indigo on 3/20th of their land) was associated with the Champaran Satyagraha (1917), not Bardoli.

Option (c) is correct. The Satyagraha, under Vallabhbhai Patel’s astute leadership, involved organized, non-violent resistance by the peasants, including refusal to pay the enhanced revenue, social boycott of government officials, and enduring repression. It ultimately forced the government to appoint an inquiry committee (Maxwell-Broomfield Commission), which found the revenue hike unjustified and recommended a much lower increase (6.03%). This success demonstrated the efficacy of Gandhian methods in peasant mobilization and significantly elevated Vallabhbhai Patel’s stature as a national leader, earning him the title ‘Sardar’ from the women of Bardoli.

Option (d) is incorrect. While the Satyagraha led to the restoration of confiscated lands and a reduction in revenue, it did not result in the immediate grant of universal land ownership rights to all tenant farmers across the Bombay Presidency. Its focus was on the specific issue of unjust revenue enhancement in Bardoli.

Solution: c)

The Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928 was a major peasant movement in Gujarat against an arbitrary enhancement of land revenue (by 30%, later reduced to 22%) by the Bombay Presidency government.

Option (b) is incorrect. The Tinkathia system (forcing peasants to grow indigo on 3/20th of their land) was associated with the Champaran Satyagraha (1917), not Bardoli.

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Consider the following proposals of the Cabinet Mission Plan (1946): Rejection of the demand for a sovereign Pakistan and proposal for a three-tiered federal structure for India. Provinces were to be grouped into three sections (A, B, and C), with Section B comprising Muslim-majority provinces of the North-West and Section C comprising Bengal and Assam. The Constituent Assembly was to be elected by members of the provincial legislative assemblies through proportional representation, and princely states were to nominate their representatives. The Union government would have control over Defence, Foreign Affairs, Communications, and would possess unlimited powers to raise finances for these subjects. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two (c) Only three (d) All four Correct Solution: c) Statement 1 is correct. The Cabinet Mission Plan explicitly rejected the demand for a sovereign Pakistan, citing administrative, economic, and military reasons. It proposed a three-tiered federal structure with a Union of India, groups of provinces, and individual provinces. Statement 2 is correct. The Plan proposed the grouping of provinces into three sections: Section A (Hindu-majority provinces like Madras, Bombay, UP, Bihar, CP, Orissa), Section B (Muslim-majority provinces in the North-West like Punjab, NWFP, Sind), and Section C (Bengal and Assam). This grouping was a contentious issue. Statement 3 is correct. The Constituent Assembly was to be formed by indirectly elected representatives from British Indian provinces (elected by provincial legislative assemblies using proportional representation by single transferable vote) and nominated representatives from the princely states. Each member was to represent roughly one million people. Statement 4 is incorrect. While the Union government was indeed to have control over Defence, Foreign Affairs, and Communications, the Plan stipulated that the Union should have the powers necessary to raise the finances required for these subjects, but these powers were not unlimited. The Plan aimed for a relatively weak centre with provinces having significant autonomy and residuary powers. The exact nature and extent of Union’s financial powers were a subject of interpretation and potential future negotiation. Incorrect Solution: c) Statement 1 is correct. The Cabinet Mission Plan explicitly rejected the demand for a sovereign Pakistan, citing administrative, economic, and military reasons. It proposed a three-tiered federal structure with a Union of India, groups of provinces, and individual provinces. Statement 2 is correct. The Plan proposed the grouping of provinces into three sections: Section A (Hindu-majority provinces like Madras, Bombay, UP, Bihar, CP, Orissa), Section B (Muslim-majority provinces in the North-West like Punjab, NWFP, Sind), and Section C (Bengal and Assam). This grouping was a contentious issue. Statement 3 is correct. The Constituent Assembly was to be formed by indirectly elected representatives from British Indian provinces (elected by provincial legislative assemblies using proportional representation by single transferable vote) and nominated representatives from the princely states. Each member was to represent roughly one million people. Statement 4 is incorrect. While the Union government was indeed to have control over Defence, Foreign Affairs, and Communications, the Plan stipulated that the Union should have the powers necessary to raise the finances required for these subjects, but these powers were not unlimited. The Plan aimed for a relatively weak centre with provinces having significant autonomy and residuary powers. The exact nature and extent of Union’s financial powers were a subject of interpretation and potential future negotiation.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following proposals of the Cabinet Mission Plan (1946):

• Rejection of the demand for a sovereign Pakistan and proposal for a three-tiered federal structure for India.

• Provinces were to be grouped into three sections (A, B, and C), with Section B comprising Muslim-majority provinces of the North-West and Section C comprising Bengal and Assam.

• The Constituent Assembly was to be elected by members of the provincial legislative assemblies through proportional representation, and princely states were to nominate their representatives.

• The Union government would have control over Defence, Foreign Affairs, Communications, and would possess unlimited powers to raise finances for these subjects.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• (c) Only three

• (d) All four

Solution: c)

• Statement 1 is correct. The Cabinet Mission Plan explicitly rejected the demand for a sovereign Pakistan, citing administrative, economic, and military reasons. It proposed a three-tiered federal structure with a Union of India, groups of provinces, and individual provinces.

• Statement 2 is correct. The Plan proposed the grouping of provinces into three sections: Section A (Hindu-majority provinces like Madras, Bombay, UP, Bihar, CP, Orissa), Section B (Muslim-majority provinces in the North-West like Punjab, NWFP, Sind), and Section C (Bengal and Assam). This grouping was a contentious issue.

• Statement 3 is correct. The Constituent Assembly was to be formed by indirectly elected representatives from British Indian provinces (elected by provincial legislative assemblies using proportional representation by single transferable vote) and nominated representatives from the princely states. Each member was to represent roughly one million people.

• Statement 4 is incorrect. While the Union government was indeed to have control over Defence, Foreign Affairs, and Communications, the Plan stipulated that the Union should have the powers necessary to raise the finances required for these subjects, but these powers were not unlimited. The Plan aimed for a relatively weak centre with provinces having significant autonomy and residuary powers. The exact nature and extent of Union’s financial powers were a subject of interpretation and potential future negotiation.

Solution: c)

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