UPSC STATIC QUIZ – History : 27 May 2024

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We will post 5 questions daily on static topics mentioned in the UPSC civil services preliminary examination syllabus. Each week will focus on a specific topic from the syllabus, such as History of India and Indian National Movement, Indian and World Geography, and more.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Consider the following statements regarding Partition of Bengal in 1905. It was ordered by Lord Curzon, the then Viceroy of India. Program of Swadeshi was adopted to protest against the division. It was annulled after the First World War ended. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 3 is incorrect. In July 1905, Lord Curzon, the Viceroy and Governor-General (1899–1905), ordered the partition of the province of Bengal supposedly for improvements in administrative efficiency in the huge and populous region. It also had justifications due to increasing conflicts between Muslims and dominant Hindu regimes in Bengal. However, the Indians viewed the partition as an attempt by the British to disrupt the growing national movement in Bengal and divide the Hindus and Muslims of the region. The Bengali Hindu intelligentsia exerted considerable influence on local and national politics. Widespread agitation ensued in the streets and in the press, and the Congress advocated boycotting British products under the banner of swadeshi. To appease Bengali sentiment, Bengal was reunited by Lord Hardinge in 1911, in response to the Swadeshi movement’s riots. World War I lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 3 is incorrect. In July 1905, Lord Curzon, the Viceroy and Governor-General (1899–1905), ordered the partition of the province of Bengal supposedly for improvements in administrative efficiency in the huge and populous region. It also had justifications due to increasing conflicts between Muslims and dominant Hindu regimes in Bengal. However, the Indians viewed the partition as an attempt by the British to disrupt the growing national movement in Bengal and divide the Hindus and Muslims of the region. The Bengali Hindu intelligentsia exerted considerable influence on local and national politics. Widespread agitation ensued in the streets and in the press, and the Congress advocated boycotting British products under the banner of swadeshi. To appease Bengali sentiment, Bengal was reunited by Lord Hardinge in 1911, in response to the Swadeshi movement’s riots. World War I lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Partition of Bengal in 1905.

• It was ordered by Lord Curzon, the then Viceroy of India.

• Program of Swadeshi was adopted to protest against the division.

• It was annulled after the First World War ended.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 3 is incorrect.

• In July 1905, Lord Curzon, the Viceroy and Governor-General (1899–1905), ordered the partition of the province of Bengal supposedly for improvements in administrative efficiency in the huge and populous region. It also had justifications due to increasing conflicts between Muslims and dominant Hindu regimes in Bengal.

• However, the Indians viewed the partition as an attempt by the British to disrupt the growing national movement in Bengal and divide the Hindus and Muslims of the region. The Bengali Hindu intelligentsia exerted considerable influence on local and national politics.

• Widespread agitation ensued in the streets and in the press, and the Congress advocated boycotting British products under the banner of swadeshi.

• To appease Bengali sentiment, Bengal was reunited by Lord Hardinge in 1911, in response to the Swadeshi movement’s riots.

• World War I lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.

Solution: b)

Statement 3 is incorrect.

• Widespread agitation ensued in the streets and in the press, and the Congress advocated boycotting British products under the banner of swadeshi.

• To appease Bengali sentiment, Bengal was reunited by Lord Hardinge in 1911, in response to the Swadeshi movement’s riots.

• World War I lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Consider the following statements: Amrita Bazar Patrika, one of the oldest newspapers in India, was launched in Bengali. Mahratta was launched by B.G. Tilak in Marathi. Which of the above statements is/are incorrect? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak used to run his two newspapers, Kesari, in Marathi and Mahratta in English from Pune. Amrita Bazar Patrika was one of the oldest newspapers in India; it was launched in Bengali. It debuted on 20 February 1868. It was started by Sisir Ghosh and Moti Lal Ghosh. Amrita Bazar Patrika, which used to be a nationalist newspaper during the British rule, discontinued its publication from 1986. Incorrect Solution: b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak used to run his two newspapers, Kesari, in Marathi and Mahratta in English from Pune. Amrita Bazar Patrika was one of the oldest newspapers in India; it was launched in Bengali. It debuted on 20 February 1868. It was started by Sisir Ghosh and Moti Lal Ghosh. Amrita Bazar Patrika, which used to be a nationalist newspaper during the British rule, discontinued its publication from 1986.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements:

• Amrita Bazar Patrika, one of the oldest newspapers in India, was launched in Bengali.

• Mahratta was launched by B.G. Tilak in Marathi.

Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?

• c) Both 1 and 2

• d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: b)

Bal Gangadhar Tilak used to run his two newspapers, Kesari, in Marathi and Mahratta in English from Pune.

Amrita Bazar Patrika was one of the oldest newspapers in India; it was launched in Bengali. It debuted on 20 February 1868. It was started by Sisir Ghosh and Moti Lal Ghosh. Amrita Bazar Patrika, which used to be a nationalist newspaper during the British rule, discontinued its publication from 1986.

Solution: b)

Bal Gangadhar Tilak used to run his two newspapers, Kesari, in Marathi and Mahratta in English from Pune.

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Lucknow Pact between the Indian National Congress (INC) and Muslim league put forward which of the following political demands before the Government? Separate electorates for the Muslims It demanded self-government from the British. All the members of the viceroy’s executive council should be Indians. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 3 is incorrect. While the League agreed to present joint constitutional demands with the Congress to the Government, the Congress accepted the Muslim League’s position on separate electorates. The joint demands were— Government should declare that it would confer self-government on Indians at an early date. The legislative councils should be further expanded with an elected majority and more powers be given to them. • Half the members of the viceroy’s executive council should be Indians. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 3 is incorrect. While the League agreed to present joint constitutional demands with the Congress to the Government, the Congress accepted the Muslim League’s position on separate electorates. The joint demands were— Government should declare that it would confer self-government on Indians at an early date. The legislative councils should be further expanded with an elected majority and more powers be given to them. • Half the members of the viceroy’s executive council should be Indians.

#### 3. Question

Lucknow Pact between the Indian National Congress (INC) and Muslim league put forward which of the following political demands before the Government?

• Separate electorates for the Muslims

• It demanded self-government from the British.

• All the members of the viceroy’s executive council should be Indians.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 3 is incorrect.

While the League agreed to present joint constitutional demands with the Congress to the Government, the Congress accepted the Muslim League’s position on separate electorates. The joint demands were—

•Government should declare that it would confer self-government on Indians at an early date.

• The legislative councils should be further expanded with an elected majority and more powers be given to them.

• Half the members of the viceroy’s executive council should be Indians.

Solution: b)

Statement 3 is incorrect.

•Government should declare that it would confer self-government on Indians at an early date.

• The legislative councils should be further expanded with an elected majority and more powers be given to them.

• Half the members of the viceroy’s executive council should be Indians.

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Why Defence of India Act 1915 was opposed by the nationalists? It aimed at curtailing the nationalist and revolutionary activities. It made a sharp distinction between European and Indian subjects. Select the correct answer code: a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: a) The Defence of India Act 1915, also referred to as the Defence of India Regulations Act, was an emergency criminal law enacted by the Governor-General of India in 1915 with the intention of curtailing the nationalist and revolutionary activities during and in the aftermath of the First World War. The act was first applied during the First Lahore Conspiracy trial in the aftermath of the failed Ghadar Conspiracy of 1915, and was instrumental in crushing the Ghadr movement in Punjab and the Anushilan Samiti in Bengal. Incorrect Solution: a) The Defence of India Act 1915, also referred to as the Defence of India Regulations Act, was an emergency criminal law enacted by the Governor-General of India in 1915 with the intention of curtailing the nationalist and revolutionary activities during and in the aftermath of the First World War. The act was first applied during the First Lahore Conspiracy trial in the aftermath of the failed Ghadar Conspiracy of 1915, and was instrumental in crushing the Ghadr movement in Punjab and the Anushilan Samiti in Bengal.

#### 4. Question

Why Defence of India Act 1915 was opposed by the nationalists?

• It aimed at curtailing the nationalist and revolutionary activities.

• It made a sharp distinction between European and Indian subjects.

Select the correct answer code:

• c) Both 1 and 2

• d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: a)

The Defence of India Act 1915, also referred to as the Defence of India Regulations Act, was an emergency criminal law enacted by the Governor-General of India in 1915 with the intention of curtailing the nationalist and revolutionary activities during and in the aftermath of the First World War.

The act was first applied during the First Lahore Conspiracy trial in the aftermath of the failed Ghadar Conspiracy of 1915, and was instrumental in crushing the Ghadr movement in Punjab and the Anushilan Samiti in Bengal.

Solution: a)

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question The Ilbert Bill Controversy is said to be a high watermark in the history of Indian National Movement. This is because it invoked issues of Security lapse on the Indian borders, especially the North-Western frontier Racial discrimination between Indian and Europeans Suppression of local language newspapers and their nationalization by the Government How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: a) Only Statement 2 is correct. Lord Ripon wanted to remove two kinds of law that had been prevalent in India. According to the system of law, a European could be tried only by a European Judge or a European Magistrate. The disqualification was unjust and it was sought to cast a needless discredit and dishonour upon the Indian-born members of the judiciary. P. Ilbert, Law Member, introduced a bill in 1883 to abolish this discrimination in judiciary. But Europeans opposed this Bill strongly. They even raised a fund of one lakh fifty thousand rupees and established an organisation called the Defence Association. They also suggested that it was better to end the English rule in India than to allow the English to be subjected to the Indian Judges and Magistrates. The press in England joined the issue. Hence, Ripon amended the bill to satisfy the English in India and England. Incorrect Solution: a) Only Statement 2 is correct. Lord Ripon wanted to remove two kinds of law that had been prevalent in India. According to the system of law, a European could be tried only by a European Judge or a European Magistrate. The disqualification was unjust and it was sought to cast a needless discredit and dishonour upon the Indian-born members of the judiciary. P. Ilbert, Law Member, introduced a bill in 1883 to abolish this discrimination in judiciary. But Europeans opposed this Bill strongly. They even raised a fund of one lakh fifty thousand rupees and established an organisation called the Defence Association. They also suggested that it was better to end the English rule in India than to allow the English to be subjected to the Indian Judges and Magistrates. The press in England joined the issue. Hence, Ripon amended the bill to satisfy the English in India and England.

#### 5. Question

The Ilbert Bill Controversy is said to be a high watermark in the history of Indian National Movement. This is because it invoked issues of

• Security lapse on the Indian borders, especially the North-Western frontier

• Racial discrimination between Indian and Europeans

• Suppression of local language newspapers and their nationalization by the Government

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: a)

Only Statement 2 is correct.

• Lord Ripon wanted to remove two kinds of law that had been prevalent in India.

• According to the system of law, a European could be tried only by a European Judge or a European Magistrate.

• The disqualification was unjust and it was sought to cast a needless discredit and dishonour upon the Indian-born members of the judiciary.

• P. Ilbert, Law Member, introduced a bill in 1883 to abolish this discrimination in judiciary. But Europeans opposed this Bill strongly.

• They even raised a fund of one lakh fifty thousand rupees and established an organisation called the Defence Association.

• They also suggested that it was better to end the English rule in India than to allow the English to be subjected to the Indian Judges and Magistrates.

• The press in England joined the issue. Hence, Ripon amended the bill to satisfy the English in India and England.

Solution: a)

Only Statement 2 is correct.

• Lord Ripon wanted to remove two kinds of law that had been prevalent in India.

• According to the system of law, a European could be tried only by a European Judge or a European Magistrate.

• The disqualification was unjust and it was sought to cast a needless discredit and dishonour upon the Indian-born members of the judiciary.

• P. Ilbert, Law Member, introduced a bill in 1883 to abolish this discrimination in judiciary. But Europeans opposed this Bill strongly.

• They even raised a fund of one lakh fifty thousand rupees and established an organisation called the Defence Association.

• They also suggested that it was better to end the English rule in India than to allow the English to be subjected to the Indian Judges and Magistrates.

• The press in England joined the issue. Hence, Ripon amended the bill to satisfy the English in India and England.

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