UPSC STATIC QUIZ – History : 17 April 2024

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We will post 5 questions daily on static topics mentioned in the UPSC civil services preliminary examination syllabus. Each week will focus on a specific topic from the syllabus, such as History of India and Indian National Movement, Indian and World Geography, and more.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Consider the following statements regarding Defence of India Act 1915. It was enacted by the Governor-General of India with the intention of curtailing the nationalist and revolutionary activities in the aftermath of the First World War. It made a sharp distinction between European and Indian subjects. The act was first applied during the First Lahore Conspiracy trial in the aftermath of the Ghadar Conspiracy. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 2 is incorrect. The Defence of India Act 1915, also referred to as the Defence of India Regulations Act, was an emergency criminal law enacted by the Governor-General of India in 1915 with the intention of curtailing the nationalist and revolutionary activities during and in the aftermath of the First World War. Unlike the English law which was limited to persons of hostile associations or origin, the Defence of India act could be applied to any subject of the King, and was used to an overwhelming extent against Indians. The act was first applied during the First Lahore Conspiracy trial in the aftermath of the failed Ghadar Conspiracy of 1915, and was instrumental in crushing the Ghadr movement in Punjab and the Anushilan Samiti in Bengal. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 2 is incorrect. The Defence of India Act 1915, also referred to as the Defence of India Regulations Act, was an emergency criminal law enacted by the Governor-General of India in 1915 with the intention of curtailing the nationalist and revolutionary activities during and in the aftermath of the First World War. Unlike the English law which was limited to persons of hostile associations or origin, the Defence of India act could be applied to any subject of the King, and was used to an overwhelming extent against Indians. The act was first applied during the First Lahore Conspiracy trial in the aftermath of the failed Ghadar Conspiracy of 1915, and was instrumental in crushing the Ghadr movement in Punjab and the Anushilan Samiti in Bengal.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Defence of India Act 1915.

• It was enacted by the Governor-General of India with the intention of curtailing the nationalist and revolutionary activities in the aftermath of the First World War.

• It made a sharp distinction between European and Indian subjects.

• The act was first applied during the First Lahore Conspiracy trial in the aftermath of the Ghadar Conspiracy.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 2 is incorrect.

The Defence of India Act 1915, also referred to as the Defence of India Regulations Act, was an emergency criminal law enacted by the Governor-General of India in 1915 with the intention of curtailing the nationalist and revolutionary activities during and in the aftermath of the First World War.

Unlike the English law which was limited to persons of hostile associations or origin, the Defence of India act could be applied to any subject of the King, and was used to an overwhelming extent against Indians.

The act was first applied during the First Lahore Conspiracy trial in the aftermath of the failed Ghadar Conspiracy of 1915, and was instrumental in crushing the Ghadr movement in Punjab and the Anushilan Samiti in Bengal.

Solution: b)

Statement 2 is incorrect.

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Consider the following statements regarding the judicial reforms undertaken during the time of Warren Hastings’ ascendancy? Each district was provided with a civil court and a criminal court under the Collector. The highest civil court of appeal was called Sadar Nizamat Adalat which was to function under an Indian judge appointed by the Governor-in-Council. A digest of Hindu law was prepared in Sanskrit by learned Pandits. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: a) Only Statement 3 is correct. The judicial system at the time of Warren Hastings’ ascendancy was a store-house of abuses. The Nawab who was hitherto the chief administrator of justice, misused his powers. Often, his judgments were careless. The zamindars who acted as judges at lower levels within their own areas were highly corrupt and prejudiced. On the whole, the judicial institution suffered from extreme corruption. Warren Hastings felt the necessity of reorganizing the judicial system. Each district was provided with a civil court under the Collector and a criminal court under an Indian Judge. To hear appeals from the district courts two appellate courts, one for civil cases and another for criminal cases, were established at Calcutta. The highest civil court of appeal was called Sadar Diwani Adalat, which was to be presided over by the Governor and two judges recruited from among the members of his council. Similarly, the highest appellate criminal court was known as Sadar Nizamat Adalat which was to function under an Indian judge appointed by the Governor-in-Council. Experts in Hindu and Muslim laws were provided to assist the judges. A digest of Hindu law was prepared in Sanskrit by learned Pandits and it was translated into Persian. An English translation of it – Code of Hindu Laws – was prepared by Halhed. Incorrect Solution: a) Only Statement 3 is correct. The judicial system at the time of Warren Hastings’ ascendancy was a store-house of abuses. The Nawab who was hitherto the chief administrator of justice, misused his powers. Often, his judgments were careless. The zamindars who acted as judges at lower levels within their own areas were highly corrupt and prejudiced. On the whole, the judicial institution suffered from extreme corruption. Warren Hastings felt the necessity of reorganizing the judicial system. Each district was provided with a civil court under the Collector and a criminal court under an Indian Judge. To hear appeals from the district courts two appellate courts, one for civil cases and another for criminal cases, were established at Calcutta. The highest civil court of appeal was called Sadar Diwani Adalat, which was to be presided over by the Governor and two judges recruited from among the members of his council. Similarly, the highest appellate criminal court was known as Sadar Nizamat Adalat which was to function under an Indian judge appointed by the Governor-in-Council. Experts in Hindu and Muslim laws were provided to assist the judges. A digest of Hindu law was prepared in Sanskrit by learned Pandits and it was translated into Persian. An English translation of it – Code of Hindu Laws – was prepared by Halhed.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the judicial reforms undertaken during the time of Warren Hastings’ ascendancy?

• Each district was provided with a civil court and a criminal court under the Collector.

• The highest civil court of appeal was called Sadar Nizamat Adalat which was to function under an Indian judge appointed by the Governor-in-Council.

• A digest of Hindu law was prepared in Sanskrit by learned Pandits.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: a)

Only Statement 3 is correct.

The judicial system at the time of Warren Hastings’ ascendancy was a store-house of abuses. The Nawab who was hitherto the chief administrator of justice, misused his powers. Often, his judgments were careless. The zamindars who acted as judges at lower levels within their own areas were highly corrupt and prejudiced. On the whole, the judicial institution suffered from extreme corruption. Warren Hastings felt the necessity of reorganizing the judicial system. Each district was provided with a civil court under the Collector and a criminal court under an Indian Judge.

To hear appeals from the district courts two appellate courts, one for civil cases and another for criminal cases, were established at Calcutta. The highest civil court of appeal was called Sadar Diwani Adalat, which was to be presided over by the Governor and two judges recruited from among the members of his council. Similarly, the highest appellate criminal court was known as Sadar Nizamat Adalat which was to function under an Indian judge appointed by the Governor-in-Council.

Experts in Hindu and Muslim laws were provided to assist the judges. A digest of Hindu law was prepared in Sanskrit by learned Pandits and it was translated into Persian. An English translation of it – Code of Hindu Laws – was prepared by Halhed.

Solution: a)

Only Statement 3 is correct.

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question The events that were involved in and around the Tripuri Crisis of the Indian National Congress (INC) include Leadership woes of the Indian National Congress (INC) Controversies surrounding the merger of an arm of the All-India Muslim League with the Indian National Congress (INC). Select the correct answer code: a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: a) In 1939 Congress Session was held in Tripuri. Tripuri is a small village in Madhya Pradesh. In this session of Congress, Subhash Chandra Bose was elected for the Presidency of Indian National Congress. He won the elections by securing 1580 votes defeating Sitaramayya who secured 1377 votes, according to the results that were declared on 29 January, 1929. Mahatma Gandhi was not in favour of making Bose as President but he won by majority of votes and became the President of Indian National Congress. Incorrect Solution: a) In 1939 Congress Session was held in Tripuri. Tripuri is a small village in Madhya Pradesh. In this session of Congress, Subhash Chandra Bose was elected for the Presidency of Indian National Congress. He won the elections by securing 1580 votes defeating Sitaramayya who secured 1377 votes, according to the results that were declared on 29 January, 1929. Mahatma Gandhi was not in favour of making Bose as President but he won by majority of votes and became the President of Indian National Congress.

#### 3. Question

The events that were involved in and around the Tripuri Crisis of the Indian National Congress (INC) include

• Leadership woes of the Indian National Congress (INC)

• Controversies surrounding the merger of an arm of the All-India Muslim League with the Indian National Congress (INC).

Select the correct answer code:

• c) Both 1 and 2

• d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: a)

In 1939 Congress Session was held in Tripuri. Tripuri is a small village in Madhya Pradesh. In this session of Congress, Subhash Chandra Bose was elected for the Presidency of Indian National Congress. He won the elections by securing 1580 votes defeating Sitaramayya who secured 1377 votes, according to the results that were declared on 29 January, 1929. Mahatma Gandhi was not in favour of making Bose as President but he won by majority of votes and became the President of Indian National Congress.

Solution: a)

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Consider the following statements regarding Deccan Riots. The main motive of riots was to destroy the account books of the moneylender. Deccan Agriculturists Relief Act was passed which ensured that the farmers could not be arrested and imprisoned if they were unable to pay their debts. The movement got support from the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha. How many of the above statements is/are incorrect? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: d) In May and June 1875, peasants of Maharashtra in some parts of Pune and Ahmednagar districts revolted against increasing agrarian distress. The Deccan Riots of 1875 targeted conditions of debt peonage (kamiuti) to moneylenders. The rioters’ specific purpose was to obtain and destroy the bonds, decrees, and other documents in the possession of the moneylenders. The movement also got support from the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha co-founded by M G Ranade. It took several months for the police to restore order in the countryside. The Bombay government initially dismissed the uprising as trivial. However, the Government of India pressurised Bombay to enquire into the matter. Accordingly, the Deccan Riots Commission was set up which presented a report to the British Parliament in 1878. In 1879, the Agriculturists Relief Act was passed which ensured that the farmers could not be arrested and imprisoned if they were unable to pay their debts. Incorrect Solution: d) In May and June 1875, peasants of Maharashtra in some parts of Pune and Ahmednagar districts revolted against increasing agrarian distress. The Deccan Riots of 1875 targeted conditions of debt peonage (kamiuti) to moneylenders. The rioters’ specific purpose was to obtain and destroy the bonds, decrees, and other documents in the possession of the moneylenders. The movement also got support from the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha co-founded by M G Ranade. It took several months for the police to restore order in the countryside. The Bombay government initially dismissed the uprising as trivial. However, the Government of India pressurised Bombay to enquire into the matter. Accordingly, the Deccan Riots Commission was set up which presented a report to the British Parliament in 1878. In 1879, the Agriculturists Relief Act was passed which ensured that the farmers could not be arrested and imprisoned if they were unable to pay their debts.

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Deccan Riots.

• The main motive of riots was to destroy the account books of the moneylender.

• Deccan Agriculturists Relief Act was passed which ensured that the farmers could not be arrested and imprisoned if they were unable to pay their debts.

• The movement got support from the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha.

How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: d)

In May and June 1875, peasants of Maharashtra in some parts of Pune and Ahmednagar districts revolted against increasing agrarian distress. The Deccan Riots of 1875 targeted conditions of debt peonage (kamiuti) to moneylenders. The rioters’ specific purpose was to obtain and destroy the bonds, decrees, and other documents in the possession of the moneylenders.

The movement also got support from the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha co-founded by M G Ranade.

It took several months for the police to restore order in the countryside. The Bombay government initially dismissed the uprising as trivial. However, the Government of India pressurised Bombay to enquire into the matter.

Accordingly, the Deccan Riots Commission was set up which presented a report to the British Parliament in 1878. In 1879, the Agriculturists Relief Act was passed which ensured that the farmers could not be arrested and imprisoned if they were unable to pay their debts.

Solution: d)

The movement also got support from the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha co-founded by M G Ranade.

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Which of the following pairs of Newspaper and Editor are correctly matched? Hitavada : Gopal Krishna Gokhale Bengalee : Surendranath Banerjea Mahratta : Bal Gangadhar Tilak Voice of India : Bipin Chandra Pal How many of the above options is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) Only three d) All four Correct Solution: c) Option 4 is incorrect. Voice of India: Dadabhai Naoroji Incorrect Solution: c) Option 4 is incorrect. Voice of India: Dadabhai Naoroji

#### 5. Question

Which of the following pairs of Newspaper and Editor are correctly matched?

• Hitavada : Gopal Krishna Gokhale

• Bengalee : Surendranath Banerjea

• Mahratta : Bal Gangadhar Tilak

• Voice of India : Bipin Chandra Pal

How many of the above options is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) Only three

• d) All four

Solution: c)

Option 4 is incorrect.

Voice of India: Dadabhai Naoroji

Solution: c)

Option 4 is incorrect.

Voice of India: Dadabhai Naoroji

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