UPSC Static Quiz – History : 12 May 2025

UPSC Static Quiz – History : 12 May 2025 We will post 5 questions daily on static topics mentioned in the UPSC civil services preliminary examination syllabus. Each week will focus on a specific topic from the syllabus, such as History of India and Indian National Movement, Indian and World Geography, and more.We are excited to bring you our daily UPSC Static Quiz, designed to help you prepare for the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination. Each day, we will post 5 questions on static topics mentioned in the UPSC syllabus. This week, we are focusing on Indian and World Geography.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Which of the following were key provisions of the Morley-Minto Reforms (Indian Councils Act, 1909)? Introduction of dyarchy at the provincial level. Significant increase in the size of both Central and Provincial Legislative Councils. Introduction of separate electorates for Muslims. Grant of universal adult suffrage for elections to legislative councils. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) Only three (d) All four Correct Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect. Dyarchy at the provincial level was introduced by the Government of India Act, 1919 (Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms), not the Morley-Minto Reforms of 1909. Statement 2 is correct. The Indian Councils Act, 1909, significantly increased the size of the legislative councils. The Central Legislative Council was expanded from 16 to 60 members, and the membership of provincial legislative councils was also increased. Statement 3 is correct. A major provision of the Morley-Minto Reforms was the introduction of separate electorates for Muslims. This meant that Muslim members were to be elected only by Muslim voters. Statement 4 is incorrect. Universal adult suffrage was not granted by the 1909 Act. The franchise was extremely limited, based on property, tax payment, and education. The elected members were also chosen indirectly by local bodies or specific electorates like zamindars and chambers of commerce. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect. Dyarchy at the provincial level was introduced by the Government of India Act, 1919 (Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms), not the Morley-Minto Reforms of 1909. Statement 2 is correct. The Indian Councils Act, 1909, significantly increased the size of the legislative councils. The Central Legislative Council was expanded from 16 to 60 members, and the membership of provincial legislative councils was also increased. Statement 3 is correct. A major provision of the Morley-Minto Reforms was the introduction of separate electorates for Muslims. This meant that Muslim members were to be elected only by Muslim voters. Statement 4 is incorrect. Universal adult suffrage was not granted by the 1909 Act. The franchise was extremely limited, based on property, tax payment, and education. The elected members were also chosen indirectly by local bodies or specific electorates like zamindars and chambers of commerce.

#### 1. Question

Which of the following were key provisions of the Morley-Minto Reforms (Indian Councils Act, 1909)?

• Introduction of dyarchy at the provincial level.

• Significant increase in the size of both Central and Provincial Legislative Councils.

• Introduction of separate electorates for Muslims.

• Grant of universal adult suffrage for elections to legislative councils.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) Only three

• (d) All four

Solution: b)

• Statement 1 is incorrect. Dyarchy at the provincial level was introduced by the Government of India Act, 1919 (Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms), not the Morley-Minto Reforms of 1909.

• Statement 2 is correct. The Indian Councils Act, 1909, significantly increased the size of the legislative councils. The Central Legislative Council was expanded from 16 to 60 members, and the membership of provincial legislative councils was also increased.

• Statement 3 is correct. A major provision of the Morley-Minto Reforms was the introduction of separate electorates for Muslims. This meant that Muslim members were to be elected only by Muslim voters.

Statement 4 is incorrect. Universal adult suffrage was not granted by the 1909 Act. The franchise was extremely limited, based on property, tax payment, and education. The elected members were also chosen indirectly by local bodies or specific electorates like zamindars and chambers of commerce.

Solution: b)

• Statement 1 is incorrect. Dyarchy at the provincial level was introduced by the Government of India Act, 1919 (Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms), not the Morley-Minto Reforms of 1909.

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Consider the following statements regarding Dadabhai Naoroji’s Drain of Wealth Theory: The theory exclusively focused on the export of raw materials from India to Britain at cheap rates and the import of British finished goods at high prices. Naoroji argued that “Home Charges,” which included salaries and pensions of British officials, military expenditure, and interest on loans, constituted a significant part of this drain. The theory posited that this drain of wealth was a primary cause of India’s increasing poverty and economic underdevelopment under British rule. Naoroji extensively discussed this theory in his book “Poverty and Un-British Rule in India”. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) Only three (d) All four Correct Solution: c) Statement 1 is incorrect. While the exploitative trade pattern (export of raw materials at low prices and import of finished goods at high prices) was a component of the drain, the theory was not exclusively focused on it. It encompassed a broader range of mechanisms through which wealth was siphoned off. Statement 2 is correct. Dadabhai Naoroji identified “Home Charges” as a major component of the drain. These included expenditures incurred in England by the Secretary of State on behalf of India, such as salaries and pensions for British officials (civil and military), military expenditure, interest on loans taken for railways, wars, and other public works. Statement 3 is correct. A central tenet of Naoroji’s theory was that the continuous and unrequited outflow of wealth from India to Britain was a fundamental cause of India’s pervasive poverty, stagnant economic development, and frequent famines under colonial rule. Statement 4 is correct. Dadabhai Naoroji first publicly expressed the concept of the drain in his paper ‘England’s Debt to India,’ presented in 1867. His famous book, “Poverty and Un-British Rule in India,” which extensively discussed this theory, was published later in 1901, though it compiled his earlier writings and speeches on the subject. Incorrect Solution: c) Statement 1 is incorrect. While the exploitative trade pattern (export of raw materials at low prices and import of finished goods at high prices) was a component of the drain, the theory was not exclusively focused on it. It encompassed a broader range of mechanisms through which wealth was siphoned off. Statement 2 is correct. Dadabhai Naoroji identified “Home Charges” as a major component of the drain. These included expenditures incurred in England by the Secretary of State on behalf of India, such as salaries and pensions for British officials (civil and military), military expenditure, interest on loans taken for railways, wars, and other public works. Statement 3 is correct. A central tenet of Naoroji’s theory was that the continuous and unrequited outflow of wealth from India to Britain was a fundamental cause of India’s pervasive poverty, stagnant economic development, and frequent famines under colonial rule. Statement 4 is correct. Dadabhai Naoroji first publicly expressed the concept of the drain in his paper ‘England’s Debt to India,’ presented in 1867. His famous book, “Poverty and Un-British Rule in India,” which extensively discussed this theory, was published later in 1901, though it compiled his earlier writings and speeches on the subject.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Dadabhai Naoroji’s Drain of Wealth Theory:

• The theory exclusively focused on the export of raw materials from India to Britain at cheap rates and the import of British finished goods at high prices.

• Naoroji argued that “Home Charges,” which included salaries and pensions of British officials, military expenditure, and interest on loans, constituted a significant part of this drain.

• The theory posited that this drain of wealth was a primary cause of India’s increasing poverty and economic underdevelopment under British rule.

• Naoroji extensively discussed this theory in his book “Poverty and Un-British Rule in India”.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) Only three

• (d) All four

Solution: c)

• Statement 1 is incorrect. While the exploitative trade pattern (export of raw materials at low prices and import of finished goods at high prices) was a component of the drain, the theory was not exclusively focused on it. It encompassed a broader range of mechanisms through which wealth was siphoned off.

• Statement 2 is correct. Dadabhai Naoroji identified “Home Charges” as a major component of the drain. These included expenditures incurred in England by the Secretary of State on behalf of India, such as salaries and pensions for British officials (civil and military), military expenditure, interest on loans taken for railways, wars, and other public works.

• Statement 3 is correct. A central tenet of Naoroji’s theory was that the continuous and unrequited outflow of wealth from India to Britain was a fundamental cause of India’s pervasive poverty, stagnant economic development, and frequent famines under colonial rule.

Statement 4 is correct. Dadabhai Naoroji first publicly expressed the concept of the drain in his paper ‘England’s Debt to India,’ presented in 1867. His famous book, “Poverty and Un-British Rule in India,” which extensively discussed this theory, was published later in 1901, though it compiled his earlier writings and speeches on the subject.

Solution: c)

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Consider the following statements regarding the Government of India Act, 1935: It provided for the establishment of an All-India Federation consisting of provinces and princely states as units, but the federation never came into being as the princely states did not join it. It abolished dyarchy in the provinces and introduced ‘provincial autonomy,’ making governors bound by the advice of ministers responsible to the provincial legislature in all matters. It provided for the establishment of a Reserve Bank of India and also for Federal, Provincial, and Joint Public Service Commissions. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Correct Solution: (a) Statement 1 is correct. The Government of India Act, 1935 proposed an All-India Federation comprising British Indian Provinces and Princely States. However, this federal structure could not be implemented because the princely states never gave their consent to join it, as their entry was voluntary. Statement 2 is incorrect. While the Act abolished dyarchy in the provinces and introduced provincial autonomy, the assertion that governors were bound by ministerial advice in all matters is not accurate. Governors retained special responsibilities and discretionary powers, particularly concerning minorities, civil services, and law and order, and could act against ministerial advice in these spheres. The ministers were responsible to the legislature, but the Governor still possessed overriding powers. Statement 3 is correct. The Act provided for the establishment of the Reserve Bank of India to control currency and credit. It also mandated the creation of a Federal Public Service Commission, Provincial Public Service Commissions, and a Joint Public Service Commission for two or more provinces. Incorrect Solution: (a) Statement 1 is correct. The Government of India Act, 1935 proposed an All-India Federation comprising British Indian Provinces and Princely States. However, this federal structure could not be implemented because the princely states never gave their consent to join it, as their entry was voluntary. Statement 2 is incorrect. While the Act abolished dyarchy in the provinces and introduced provincial autonomy, the assertion that governors were bound by ministerial advice in all matters is not accurate. Governors retained special responsibilities and discretionary powers, particularly concerning minorities, civil services, and law and order, and could act against ministerial advice in these spheres. The ministers were responsible to the legislature, but the Governor still possessed overriding powers. Statement 3 is correct. The Act provided for the establishment of the Reserve Bank of India to control currency and credit. It also mandated the creation of a Federal Public Service Commission, Provincial Public Service Commissions, and a Joint Public Service Commission for two or more provinces.

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Government of India Act, 1935:

• It provided for the establishment of an All-India Federation consisting of provinces and princely states as units, but the federation never came into being as the princely states did not join it.

• It abolished dyarchy in the provinces and introduced ‘provincial autonomy,’ making governors bound by the advice of ministers responsible to the provincial legislature in all matters.

• It provided for the establishment of a Reserve Bank of India and also for Federal, Provincial, and Joint Public Service Commissions.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• (a) 1 and 3 only

• (b) 2 and 3 only

• (c) 1 only

• (d) 1, 2 and 3

Solution: (a)

• Statement 1 is correct. The Government of India Act, 1935 proposed an All-India Federation comprising British Indian Provinces and Princely States. However, this federal structure could not be implemented because the princely states never gave their consent to join it, as their entry was voluntary.

• Statement 2 is incorrect. While the Act abolished dyarchy in the provinces and introduced provincial autonomy, the assertion that governors were bound by ministerial advice in all matters is not accurate. Governors retained special responsibilities and discretionary powers, particularly concerning minorities, civil services, and law and order, and could act against ministerial advice in these spheres. The ministers were responsible to the legislature, but the Governor still possessed overriding powers.

Statement 3 is correct. The Act provided for the establishment of the Reserve Bank of India to control currency and credit. It also mandated the creation of a Federal Public Service Commission, Provincial Public Service Commissions, and a Joint Public Service Commission for two or more provinces.

Solution: (a)

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question With reference to the Socio-Religious Reform Movements in 19th century India, consider the following pairs: Brahmo Samaj: Advocated monotheism and opposed Sati and idolatry. Arya Samaj: Founded by Swami Vivekananda with the motto “Go back to the Vedas.” Ramakrishna Mission: Emphasized social service and the essential unity of all religions. How many of the above pairs are correctly matched? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: (b) Pair 1 is correctly matched. The Brahmo Samaj, founded by Raja Rammohun Roy, was a pivotal reform movement that preached monotheism (worship of one God) and vehemently campaigned against social evils like Sati, polygamy, and idolatry, aiming to purify Hinduism. Pair 2 is incorrectly matched. The Arya Samaj was founded by Swami Dayananda Saraswati, not Swami Vivekananda. Its clarion call was indeed “Go back to the Vedas,” and it aimed to revive Vedic learning and purity, attacking practices like idolatry and caste rigidities. Pair 3 is correctly matched. The Ramakrishna Mission was established by Swami Vivekananda. It emphasized social service (service of Jiva as worship of Siva), education, and healthcare, and preached the fundamental oneness of God and the unity of all religions, drawing from Vedanta. Incorrect Solution: (b) Pair 1 is correctly matched. The Brahmo Samaj, founded by Raja Rammohun Roy, was a pivotal reform movement that preached monotheism (worship of one God) and vehemently campaigned against social evils like Sati, polygamy, and idolatry, aiming to purify Hinduism. Pair 2 is incorrectly matched. The Arya Samaj was founded by Swami Dayananda Saraswati, not Swami Vivekananda. Its clarion call was indeed “Go back to the Vedas,” and it aimed to revive Vedic learning and purity, attacking practices like idolatry and caste rigidities. Pair 3 is correctly matched. The Ramakrishna Mission was established by Swami Vivekananda. It emphasized social service (service of Jiva as worship of Siva), education, and healthcare, and preached the fundamental oneness of God and the unity of all religions, drawing from Vedanta.

#### 4. Question

With reference to the Socio-Religious Reform Movements in 19th century India, consider the following pairs:

• Brahmo Samaj: Advocated monotheism and opposed Sati and idolatry.

• Arya Samaj: Founded by Swami Vivekananda with the motto “Go back to the Vedas.”

• Ramakrishna Mission: Emphasized social service and the essential unity of all religions.

How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: (b)

• Pair 1 is correctly matched. The Brahmo Samaj, founded by Raja Rammohun Roy, was a pivotal reform movement that preached monotheism (worship of one God) and vehemently campaigned against social evils like Sati, polygamy, and idolatry, aiming to purify Hinduism.

• Pair 2 is incorrectly matched. The Arya Samaj was founded by Swami Dayananda Saraswati, not Swami Vivekananda. Its clarion call was indeed “Go back to the Vedas,” and it aimed to revive Vedic learning and purity, attacking practices like idolatry and caste rigidities.

Pair 3 is correctly matched. The Ramakrishna Mission was established by Swami Vivekananda. It emphasized social service (service of Jiva as worship of Siva), education, and healthcare, and preached the fundamental oneness of God and the unity of all religions, drawing from Vedanta.

Solution: (b)

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Consider the following statements regarding the Chauri Chaura incident and its aftermath: The incident involved a violent clash where protestors set a police station on fire, leading to the death of policemen. Mahatma Gandhi immediately condemned the violence and unilaterally decided to withdraw the ongoing Civil Disobedience Movement. The withdrawal of the movement due to this incident led to the formation of the Swaraj Party by leaders like Motilal Nehru and C.R. Das, who advocated for council entry. Which of the statements given above are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1, 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 3 only Correct Solution: d) Statement 1 is correct. The Chauri Chaura incident, which occurred on February 4, 1922, in Gorakhpur district, Uttar Pradesh, involved a large group of protestors participating in the Non-Cooperation Movement. After police firing killed some protestors, the enraged mob attacked and set fire to the local police station, resulting in the deaths of 22 policemen. Statement 2 is incorrect. Mahatma Gandhi did condemn the violence and withdrew the movement. However, the movement in progress was the Non-Cooperation Movement, not the Civil Disobedience Movement (which was launched later in 1930). Gandhi, shocked by the violence, called for the suspension of the Non-Cooperation Movement on February 12, 1922, believing the masses were not yet prepared for disciplined satyagraha. Statement 3 is correct. The abrupt withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement by Gandhi was met with dismay by several nationalist leaders. This dissatisfaction led to a split within the Congress, with leaders like Motilal Nehru and Chittaranjan (C.R.) Das forming the Swaraj Party (Congress-Khilafat Swarajya Party) in 1923. They advocated for “council entry” to obstruct British policies from within the legislative councils, a departure from the earlier Congress policy of boycott. Incorrect Solution: d) Statement 1 is correct. The Chauri Chaura incident, which occurred on February 4, 1922, in Gorakhpur district, Uttar Pradesh, involved a large group of protestors participating in the Non-Cooperation Movement. After police firing killed some protestors, the enraged mob attacked and set fire to the local police station, resulting in the deaths of 22 policemen. Statement 2 is incorrect. Mahatma Gandhi did condemn the violence and withdrew the movement. However, the movement in progress was the Non-Cooperation Movement, not the Civil Disobedience Movement (which was launched later in 1930). Gandhi, shocked by the violence, called for the suspension of the Non-Cooperation Movement on February 12, 1922, believing the masses were not yet prepared for disciplined satyagraha. Statement 3 is correct. The abrupt withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement by Gandhi was met with dismay by several nationalist leaders. This dissatisfaction led to a split within the Congress, with leaders like Motilal Nehru and Chittaranjan (C.R.) Das forming the Swaraj Party (Congress-Khilafat Swarajya Party) in 1923. They advocated for “council entry” to obstruct British policies from within the legislative councils, a departure from the earlier Congress policy of boycott.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Chauri Chaura incident and its aftermath:

• The incident involved a violent clash where protestors set a police station on fire, leading to the death of policemen.

• Mahatma Gandhi immediately condemned the violence and unilaterally decided to withdraw the ongoing Civil Disobedience Movement.

• The withdrawal of the movement due to this incident led to the formation of the Swaraj Party by leaders like Motilal Nehru and C.R. Das, who advocated for council entry.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

• (a) 1 and 2 only

• (b) 2 and 3 only

• (c) 1, 2 and 3

• (d) 1 and 3 only

Solution: d)

• Statement 1 is correct. The Chauri Chaura incident, which occurred on February 4, 1922, in Gorakhpur district, Uttar Pradesh, involved a large group of protestors participating in the Non-Cooperation Movement. After police firing killed some protestors, the enraged mob attacked and set fire to the local police station, resulting in the deaths of 22 policemen.

• Statement 2 is incorrect. Mahatma Gandhi did condemn the violence and withdrew the movement. However, the movement in progress was the Non-Cooperation Movement, not the Civil Disobedience Movement (which was launched later in 1930). Gandhi, shocked by the violence, called for the suspension of the Non-Cooperation Movement on February 12, 1922, believing the masses were not yet prepared for disciplined satyagraha.

• Statement 3 is correct. The abrupt withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement by Gandhi was met with dismay by several nationalist leaders. This dissatisfaction led to a split within the Congress, with leaders like Motilal Nehru and Chittaranjan (C.R.) Das forming the Swaraj Party (Congress-Khilafat Swarajya Party) in 1923. They advocated for “council entry” to obstruct British policies from within the legislative councils, a departure from the earlier Congress policy of boycott.

Solution: d)

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