UPSC Static Quiz – History : 12 February 2026

UPSC Static Quiz – History : 12 February 2026 We will post 5 questions daily on static topics mentioned in the UPSC civil services preliminary examination syllabus. Each week will focus on a specific topic from the syllabus, such as History of India and Indian National Movement, Indian and World Geography, and more. We are excited to bring you our daily UPSC Static Quiz, designed to help you prepare for the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination. Each day, we will post 5 questions on static topics mentioned in the UPSC syllabus. This week, we are focusing on Indian and World Geography.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Consider the following statements regarding Swadeshi Movement. In 1905, the Boycott Resolution was passed at Mumbai’s historic Gowalia Tank Maidan and the formal proclamation of Swadeshi Movement was made. Newspapers such as Hitabadi, Sanjibani and Bengalee were used to propagate the agenda of Swadeshi Movement. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: B Anti-Partition Campaign under Moderates (1903-05): In the period 1903-1905, the leadership was provided by Surendranath Banerjea, K.K. Mitra and Prithwish chandra Ray. The methods adopted were petitions to the government, public meetings, memoranda, and propaganda through pamphlets and newspapers such as Hitabadi, Sanjibani and Bengalee. Their objective was to exert sufficient pressure on the government through an educated public opinion in India and England to prevent the unjust partition of Bengal from being implemented. Ignoring a loud public opinion against the partition proposal, the government announced partition of Bengal in July 1905. Within days, protest meetings were held in small towns all over Bengal. It was in these meetings that the pledge to boycott foreign goods was first taken. On August 7, 1905, with the passage of the Boycott Resolution in a massive meeting held in the Calcutta Townhall, the formal proclamation of Swadeshi Movement was made. After this, the leaders dispersed to other parts of Bengal to propagate the message of boycott of Manchester cloth and Liverpool salt. As a precursor to India’s independence, the Quit India Movement was launched at Mumbai’s historic Gowalia Tank Maidan, now popularly known as August Kranti Maidan on 8th August 1942. Incorrect Solution: B Anti-Partition Campaign under Moderates (1903-05): In the period 1903-1905, the leadership was provided by Surendranath Banerjea, K.K. Mitra and Prithwish chandra Ray. The methods adopted were petitions to the government, public meetings, memoranda, and propaganda through pamphlets and newspapers such as Hitabadi, Sanjibani and Bengalee. Their objective was to exert sufficient pressure on the government through an educated public opinion in India and England to prevent the unjust partition of Bengal from being implemented. Ignoring a loud public opinion against the partition proposal, the government announced partition of Bengal in July 1905. Within days, protest meetings were held in small towns all over Bengal. It was in these meetings that the pledge to boycott foreign goods was first taken. On August 7, 1905, with the passage of the Boycott Resolution in a massive meeting held in the Calcutta Townhall, the formal proclamation of Swadeshi Movement was made. After this, the leaders dispersed to other parts of Bengal to propagate the message of boycott of Manchester cloth and Liverpool salt. As a precursor to India’s independence, the Quit India Movement was launched at Mumbai’s historic Gowalia Tank Maidan, now popularly known as August Kranti Maidan on 8th August 1942.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Swadeshi Movement.

• In 1905, the Boycott Resolution was passed at Mumbai’s historic Gowalia Tank Maidan and the formal proclamation of Swadeshi Movement was made.

• Newspapers such as Hitabadi, Sanjibani and Bengalee were used to propagate the agenda of Swadeshi Movement.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• c) Both 1 and 2

• d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: B

Anti-Partition Campaign under Moderates (1903-05):

In the period 1903-1905, the leadership was provided by Surendranath Banerjea, K.K. Mitra and Prithwish chandra Ray. The methods adopted were petitions to the government, public meetings, memoranda, and propaganda through pamphlets and newspapers such as Hitabadi, Sanjibani and Bengalee.

Their objective was to exert sufficient pressure on the government through an educated public opinion in India and England to prevent the unjust partition of Bengal from being implemented.

Ignoring a loud public opinion against the partition proposal, the government announced partition of Bengal in July 1905. Within days, protest meetings were held in small towns all over Bengal. It was in these meetings that the pledge to boycott foreign goods was first taken. On August 7, 1905, with the passage of the Boycott Resolution in a massive meeting held in the Calcutta Townhall, the formal proclamation of Swadeshi Movement was made. After this, the leaders dispersed to other parts of Bengal to propagate the message of boycott of Manchester cloth and Liverpool salt.

As a precursor to India’s independence, the Quit India Movement was launched at Mumbai’s historic Gowalia Tank Maidan, now popularly known as August Kranti Maidan on 8th August 1942.

Solution: B

Anti-Partition Campaign under Moderates (1903-05):

Their objective was to exert sufficient pressure on the government through an educated public opinion in India and England to prevent the unjust partition of Bengal from being implemented.

As a precursor to India’s independence, the Quit India Movement was launched at Mumbai’s historic Gowalia Tank Maidan, now popularly known as August Kranti Maidan on 8th August 1942.

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Consider the following statements. The provincial governments should devolve financial powers to the local bodies. Separate electorates should be abolished. Elections to the legislative assemblies will be based on Universal adult franchise. India’s constitution should be unitary in nature. How many of the above were the recommendations of the Simon Commission setup in 1927? a) Only two b) Only three c) All four d) None Correct Solution: d) As per the commission, there should be a constitutional reconstruction in the form of a federal constitution. The provinces should be given full autonomy including law. Other major recommendations include: The number of members of provincial legislative council should be increased. Governor- general should have complete power to appoint the members of the cabinet. The governor should have discretionary power to relate to internal security and administrative powers to protect the different communities. The government of India should have complete control over the high court. There were no Indian members in the commission. No universal franchise was proposed and the position of governor-general remained unaffected. There was no provision to abolish separate electorate but it was rather extended to other communities as well. No financial devolution was proposed. Incorrect Solution: d) As per the commission, there should be a constitutional reconstruction in the form of a federal constitution. The provinces should be given full autonomy including law. Other major recommendations include: The number of members of provincial legislative council should be increased. Governor- general should have complete power to appoint the members of the cabinet. The governor should have discretionary power to relate to internal security and administrative powers to protect the different communities. The government of India should have complete control over the high court. There were no Indian members in the commission. No universal franchise was proposed and the position of governor-general remained unaffected. There was no provision to abolish separate electorate but it was rather extended to other communities as well. No financial devolution was proposed.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements.

• The provincial governments should devolve financial powers to the local bodies.

• Separate electorates should be abolished.

• Elections to the legislative assemblies will be based on Universal adult franchise.

• India’s constitution should be unitary in nature.

How many of the above were the recommendations of the Simon Commission setup in 1927?

• a) Only two

• b) Only three

• c) All four

Solution: d)

As per the commission, there should be a constitutional reconstruction in the form of a federal constitution. The provinces should be given full autonomy including law.

Other major recommendations include:

• The number of members of provincial legislative council should be increased. Governor- general should have complete power to appoint the members of the cabinet.

• The governor should have discretionary power to relate to internal security and administrative powers to protect the different communities.

• The government of India should have complete control over the high court.

• There were no Indian members in the commission. No universal franchise was proposed and the position of governor-general remained unaffected.

There was no provision to abolish separate electorate but it was rather extended to other communities as well. No financial devolution was proposed.

Solution: d)

As per the commission, there should be a constitutional reconstruction in the form of a federal constitution. The provinces should be given full autonomy including law.

Other major recommendations include:

• The number of members of provincial legislative council should be increased. Governor- general should have complete power to appoint the members of the cabinet.

• The governor should have discretionary power to relate to internal security and administrative powers to protect the different communities.

• The government of India should have complete control over the high court.

• There were no Indian members in the commission. No universal franchise was proposed and the position of governor-general remained unaffected.

There was no provision to abolish separate electorate but it was rather extended to other communities as well. No financial devolution was proposed.

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Gandhiji represented the Indian National Congress in which of these Round Table Conferences? a) First Round Table Conference, 1930-31 b) Second Round Table Conference, 1931 c) Third Round Table Conference, 1932 d) None of the above Correct Solution: B The three Round Table Conferences of 1930–32 were a series of conferences organized by the British Government and Indian national congress was participant to discuss constitutional reforms in India. These started in November 1930 and ended in December 1932. They were conducted as per the recommendation of Jinnah to Viceroy Lord Irwin and Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald, and by the report submitted by the Simon Commission in May 1930. Demands for swaraj, or self-rule, in India had been growing increasingly strong. The Congress had boycotted the first conference. A settlement between Mahatma Gandhi and Viceroy Lord Irwin known as the Gandhi–Irwin Pact was reached and Gandhi was appointed as the sole representative of the Congress to the second Round Table Conference. Although MacDonald was still Prime Minister of Britain, he was by this time heading a coalition Government (the “National Government”) with a Conservative majority. It was held in London in September 1931. Incorrect Solution: B The three Round Table Conferences of 1930–32 were a series of conferences organized by the British Government and Indian national congress was participant to discuss constitutional reforms in India. These started in November 1930 and ended in December 1932. They were conducted as per the recommendation of Jinnah to Viceroy Lord Irwin and Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald, and by the report submitted by the Simon Commission in May 1930. Demands for swaraj, or self-rule, in India had been growing increasingly strong. The Congress had boycotted the first conference. A settlement between Mahatma Gandhi and Viceroy Lord Irwin known as the Gandhi–Irwin Pact was reached and Gandhi was appointed as the sole representative of the Congress to the second Round Table Conference. Although MacDonald was still Prime Minister of Britain, he was by this time heading a coalition Government (the “National Government”) with a Conservative majority. It was held in London in September 1931.

#### 3. Question

Gandhiji represented the Indian National Congress in which of these Round Table Conferences?

• a) First Round Table Conference, 1930-31

• b) Second Round Table Conference, 1931

• c) Third Round Table Conference, 1932

• d) None of the above

Solution: B

• The three Round Table Conferences of 1930–32 were a series of conferences organized by the British Government and Indian national congress was participant to discuss constitutional reforms in India. These started in November 1930 and ended in December 1932.

They were conducted as per the recommendation of Jinnah to Viceroy Lord Irwin and Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald, and by the report submitted by the Simon Commission in May 1930. Demands for swaraj, or self-rule, in India had been growing increasingly strong.

• The Congress had boycotted the first conference.

• A settlement between Mahatma Gandhi and Viceroy Lord Irwin known as the Gandhi–Irwin Pact was reached and Gandhi was appointed as the sole representative of the Congress to the second Round Table Conference.

Although MacDonald was still Prime Minister of Britain, he was by this time heading a coalition Government (the “National Government”) with a Conservative majority. It was held in London in September 1931.

Solution: B

• The Congress had boycotted the first conference.

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Consider the following statements regarding Young Bengal Movement. The movement was launched by Surendranath Banerjea and later gained prominence with the participation of Henry Vivian Derozio. The movement had influence of Russian Revolution. The movement failed to have a long-term impact. How many of the above statements is/are incorrect? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: B Only Statement 3 is correct. Young Bengal Movement was launched by Henry Louis Vivian Derozio (1809-1831), who had come to Calcutta in 1826 and was appointed in the Hindu College as a teacher. Drawing inspiration from the French Revolution, Derozio inspired his pupils to think freely and rationally, question all authority, love liberty, equality and freedom, and oppose decadent customs and traditions. The Derozians also supported women’s rights and education. The Derozians, however, failed to have a longterm impact. Derozio was removed from the Hindu College in 1831 because of his radicalism. The main reason for their limited success was the prevailing social conditions at that time, which were not ripe for the adoption of radical ideas. Further, there was no support from any other social group or class. Incorrect Solution: B Only Statement 3 is correct. Young Bengal Movement was launched by Henry Louis Vivian Derozio (1809-1831), who had come to Calcutta in 1826 and was appointed in the Hindu College as a teacher. Drawing inspiration from the French Revolution, Derozio inspired his pupils to think freely and rationally, question all authority, love liberty, equality and freedom, and oppose decadent customs and traditions. The Derozians also supported women’s rights and education. The Derozians, however, failed to have a longterm impact. Derozio was removed from the Hindu College in 1831 because of his radicalism. The main reason for their limited success was the prevailing social conditions at that time, which were not ripe for the adoption of radical ideas. Further, there was no support from any other social group or class.

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Young Bengal Movement.

• The movement was launched by Surendranath Banerjea and later gained prominence with the participation of Henry Vivian Derozio.

• The movement had influence of Russian Revolution.

• The movement failed to have a long-term impact.

How many of the above statements is/are incorrect?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: B

Only Statement 3 is correct.

Young Bengal Movement was launched by Henry Louis Vivian Derozio (1809-1831), who had come to Calcutta in 1826 and was appointed in the Hindu College as a teacher.

• Drawing inspiration from the French Revolution, Derozio inspired his pupils to think freely and rationally, question all authority, love liberty, equality and freedom, and oppose decadent customs and traditions. The Derozians also supported women’s rights and education.

• The Derozians, however, failed to have a longterm impact. Derozio was removed from the Hindu College in 1831 because of his radicalism. The main reason for their limited success was the prevailing social conditions at that time, which were not ripe for the adoption of radical ideas.

• Further, there was no support from any other social group or class.

Solution: B

Only Statement 3 is correct.

Young Bengal Movement was launched by Henry Louis Vivian Derozio (1809-1831), who had come to Calcutta in 1826 and was appointed in the Hindu College as a teacher.

• Further, there was no support from any other social group or class.

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Consider the following statements: Factory Act, 1881 ruled that no children below the age of 14 years could be employed in a factory. Full time factory inspectors were appointed under the Factory Act, 1911. The Whitley Commission on Labour was set up in 1929 to inquire into the existing conditions of labour in industrial undertakings and plantations in India. Which of the above statements are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Correct Solution: C Factories Act of I881 was the first legislation directly affecting industrial labourers in the country. It applied to all manufacturing establishments using power driven machinery, employing 100 or more labours and working for more than 120 days in a year. It ruled that no children below the age of 7 could be employed in a factory and nobody before attaining the age of 12 could be made to work for more than 9 hours a day. Full time factory inspectors were appointed under the Factory Act, 1911 to see whether the provisions were being enforced. The Royal Commission on Labour or the Whitley Commission on Labour was set up in 1929 to inquire into the existing conditions of labour in industrial undertakings and plantations in India. The Commission recommended the adoption of suitable legislation enabling the Competent Authority to collect and collate information regarding the living, working and socio-economic conditions of industrial labour. Incorrect Solution: C Factories Act of I881 was the first legislation directly affecting industrial labourers in the country. It applied to all manufacturing establishments using power driven machinery, employing 100 or more labours and working for more than 120 days in a year. It ruled that no children below the age of 7 could be employed in a factory and nobody before attaining the age of 12 could be made to work for more than 9 hours a day. Full time factory inspectors were appointed under the Factory Act, 1911 to see whether the provisions were being enforced. The Royal Commission on Labour or the Whitley Commission on Labour was set up in 1929 to inquire into the existing conditions of labour in industrial undertakings and plantations in India. The Commission recommended the adoption of suitable legislation enabling the Competent Authority to collect and collate information regarding the living, working and socio-economic conditions of industrial labour.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements:

• Factory Act, 1881 ruled that no children below the age of 14 years could be employed in a factory.

• Full time factory inspectors were appointed under the Factory Act, 1911.

• The Whitley Commission on Labour was set up in 1929 to inquire into the existing conditions of labour in industrial undertakings and plantations in India.

Which of the above statements are correct?

• (a) 1 and 2 only

• (b) 1 and 3 only

• (c) 2 and 3 only

• (d) 1, 2 and 3

Solution: C

Factories Act of I881 was the first legislation directly affecting industrial labourers in the country. It applied to all manufacturing establishments using power driven machinery, employing 100 or more labours and working for more than 120 days in a year. It ruled that no children below the age of 7 could be employed in a factory and nobody before attaining the age of 12 could be made to work for more than 9 hours a day.

Full time factory inspectors were appointed under the Factory Act, 1911 to see whether the provisions were being enforced.

The Royal Commission on Labour or the Whitley Commission on Labour was set up in 1929 to inquire into the existing conditions of labour in industrial undertakings and plantations in India. The Commission recommended the adoption of suitable legislation enabling the Competent Authority to collect and collate information regarding the living, working and socio-economic conditions of industrial labour.

Solution: C

Full time factory inspectors were appointed under the Factory Act, 1911 to see whether the provisions were being enforced.

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