UPSC Static Quiz – History : 10 June 2025

UPSC Static Quiz – History : 10 June 2025 We will post 5 questions daily on static topics mentioned in the UPSC civil services preliminary examination syllabus. Each week will focus on a specific topic from the syllabus, such as History of India and Indian National Movement, Indian and World Geography, and more.We are excited to bring you our daily UPSC Static Quiz, designed to help you prepare for the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination. Each day, we will post 5 questions on static topics mentioned in the UPSC syllabus. This week, we are focusing on Indian and World Geography.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Consider the following statements regarding Swadeshi Movement. Statement-I: The Swadeshi Movement, which began as a reaction to the Partition of Bengal in 1905, primarily involved the boycott of British goods and promotion of indigenous alternatives. Statement-II: The movement saw limited participation from the Muslim peasantry and was largely confined to urban areas, which contributed to its eventual decline. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: b) Statement-I is correct. The Swadeshi Movement was triggered by the British decision to partition Bengal in 1905. Its core methods included the boycott of foreign (especially British) goods and the promotion and use of Swadeshi (indigenous) products, along with the boycott of government schools, colleges, and courts. Statement-II is correct. While the Swadeshi Movement had a broad appeal and saw participation from various sections, including students, women, and some zamindars, it faced limitations. Participation from the Muslim peasantry was notably limited. Also, while it spread to some towns, its deep penetration into the vast rural hinterland was uneven, and it remained more effective in urban and semi-urban centers. These factors, along with government repression and internal splits within the nationalist leadership (Moderates vs. Extremists), contributed to its decline after 1908. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement-I is correct. The Swadeshi Movement was triggered by the British decision to partition Bengal in 1905. Its core methods included the boycott of foreign (especially British) goods and the promotion and use of Swadeshi (indigenous) products, along with the boycott of government schools, colleges, and courts. Statement-II is correct. While the Swadeshi Movement had a broad appeal and saw participation from various sections, including students, women, and some zamindars, it faced limitations. Participation from the Muslim peasantry was notably limited. Also, while it spread to some towns, its deep penetration into the vast rural hinterland was uneven, and it remained more effective in urban and semi-urban centers. These factors, along with government repression and internal splits within the nationalist leadership (Moderates vs. Extremists), contributed to its decline after 1908.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Swadeshi Movement.

Statement-I: The Swadeshi Movement, which began as a reaction to the Partition of Bengal in 1905, primarily involved the boycott of British goods and promotion of indigenous alternatives.

Statement-II: The movement saw limited participation from the Muslim peasantry and was largely confined to urban areas, which contributed to its eventual decline.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

• (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Solution: b)

• Statement-I is correct. The Swadeshi Movement was triggered by the British decision to partition Bengal in 1905. Its core methods included the boycott of foreign (especially British) goods and the promotion and use of Swadeshi (indigenous) products, along with the boycott of government schools, colleges, and courts.

• Statement-II is correct. While the Swadeshi Movement had a broad appeal and saw participation from various sections, including students, women, and some zamindars, it faced limitations. Participation from the Muslim peasantry was notably limited.

• Also, while it spread to some towns, its deep penetration into the vast rural hinterland was uneven, and it remained more effective in urban and semi-urban centers.

These factors, along with government repression and internal splits within the nationalist leadership (Moderates vs. Extremists), contributed to its decline after 1908.

Solution: b)

• Also, while it spread to some towns, its deep penetration into the vast rural hinterland was uneven, and it remained more effective in urban and semi-urban centers.

These factors, along with government repression and internal splits within the nationalist leadership (Moderates vs. Extremists), contributed to its decline after 1908.

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Consider the following women freedom fighters and their contributions: Tara Rani Srivastava: Actively participated in the Quit India Movement and, despite her husband being shot by police, continued to march with the national flag. Begum Hazrat Mahal: A prominent leader in the Revolt of 1857, she took control of Lucknow after its ruler was deposed and resisted the British forces. Moolmati: Mother of Ram Prasad Bismil, she was a strong supporter of his revolutionary activities and even offered her other son to the freedom movement after Bismil’s martyrdom. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: c) Statement 1 is correct. Tara Rani Srivastava, from Bihar, was a courageous freedom fighter who, along with her husband Phulendu Babu, actively participated in the Quit India Movement of 1942. During a protest to hoist the national flag at Siwan police station, her husband was shot by the police. Displaying immense bravery, she bandaged his wounds and continued her march with the flag, though he later succumbed to his injuries. She continued her struggle despite this personal tragedy. Statement 2 is correct. Begum Hazrat Mahal, the wife of Nawab Wajid Ali Shah of Awadh, played a valiant role in the Revolt of 1857. After the Nawab was exiled, she took charge of affairs in Awadh, seized control of Lucknow, and led her forces in resistance against the British East India Company. She was a symbol of defiance and motivated the masses to rebel. Statement 3 is correct. Moolmati was the mother of the renowned revolutionary Ram Prasad Bismil. She was a source of immense strength and support for her son’s involvement in the freedom struggle. Even after Bismil was sentenced to death for his role in the Kakori Conspiracy, she remained firm and proud of his sacrifice. After his martyrdom, in a remarkable display of patriotism, she publicly offered her other son to the cause of the freedom movement. Incorrect Solution: c) Statement 1 is correct. Tara Rani Srivastava, from Bihar, was a courageous freedom fighter who, along with her husband Phulendu Babu, actively participated in the Quit India Movement of 1942. During a protest to hoist the national flag at Siwan police station, her husband was shot by the police. Displaying immense bravery, she bandaged his wounds and continued her march with the flag, though he later succumbed to his injuries. She continued her struggle despite this personal tragedy. Statement 2 is correct. Begum Hazrat Mahal, the wife of Nawab Wajid Ali Shah of Awadh, played a valiant role in the Revolt of 1857. After the Nawab was exiled, she took charge of affairs in Awadh, seized control of Lucknow, and led her forces in resistance against the British East India Company. She was a symbol of defiance and motivated the masses to rebel. Statement 3 is correct. Moolmati was the mother of the renowned revolutionary Ram Prasad Bismil. She was a source of immense strength and support for her son’s involvement in the freedom struggle. Even after Bismil was sentenced to death for his role in the Kakori Conspiracy, she remained firm and proud of his sacrifice. After his martyrdom, in a remarkable display of patriotism, she publicly offered her other son to the cause of the freedom movement.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following women freedom fighters and their contributions:

• Tara Rani Srivastava: Actively participated in the Quit India Movement and, despite her husband being shot by police, continued to march with the national flag.

• Begum Hazrat Mahal: A prominent leader in the Revolt of 1857, she took control of Lucknow after its ruler was deposed and resisted the British forces.

• Moolmati: Mother of Ram Prasad Bismil, she was a strong supporter of his revolutionary activities and even offered her other son to the freedom movement after Bismil’s martyrdom.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: c)

• Statement 1 is correct. Tara Rani Srivastava, from Bihar, was a courageous freedom fighter who, along with her husband Phulendu Babu, actively participated in the Quit India Movement of 1942. During a protest to hoist the national flag at Siwan police station, her husband was shot by the police. Displaying immense bravery, she bandaged his wounds and continued her march with the flag, though he later succumbed to his injuries. She continued her struggle despite this personal tragedy.

• Statement 2 is correct. Begum Hazrat Mahal, the wife of Nawab Wajid Ali Shah of Awadh, played a valiant role in the Revolt of 1857. After the Nawab was exiled, she took charge of affairs in Awadh, seized control of Lucknow, and led her forces in resistance against the British East India Company. She was a symbol of defiance and motivated the masses to rebel.

Statement 3 is correct. Moolmati was the mother of the renowned revolutionary Ram Prasad Bismil. She was a source of immense strength and support for her son’s involvement in the freedom struggle. Even after Bismil was sentenced to death for his role in the Kakori Conspiracy, she remained firm and proud of his sacrifice. After his martyrdom, in a remarkable display of patriotism, she publicly offered her other son to the cause of the freedom movement.

Solution: c)

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Which of the following accurately describes a key ideological difference between the Moderates and the Extremists in the Indian National Congress during the early 20th century? (a) Moderates aimed for Purna Swaraj (complete independence), while Extremists sought only Dominion Status within the British Empire. (b) Moderates had a wide support base among the peasantry and lower middle classes, while Extremists were primarily supported by zamindars and the urban elite. (c) Moderates drew inspiration primarily from India's ancient cultural heritage, while Extremists were largely influenced by Western liberal thought. (d) Moderates believed in the efficacy of constitutional agitation and appeals to British justice, while Extremists advocated for passive resistance, boycott, and self-reliance, sometimes extending to direct action. Correct Solution: d) Option (a) is incorrect. The roles were reversed. Extremists were the first to clearly articulate the demand for Swaraj or complete independence, while Moderates initially aimed for self-government or Dominion Status within the British Empire. Option (b) is incorrect. Moderates generally had a support base among the educated urban elite, professionals, and some zamindars. Extremists sought to broaden the base of the nationalist movement by appealing to the educated middle class, lower-middle classes, and students, and attempted to reach the masses, though their success in mobilizing the peasantry was varied. Option (c) is incorrect. Moderates were largely inspired by Western liberal thought, ideas of democracy, and British political institutions, believing in reforming the “un-British” aspects of colonial rule. Extremists, on the other hand, drew heavily from India’s ancient cultural and spiritual heritage, invoking figures like Shivaji and festivals like Ganapati Puja to instill national pride and mobilize the masses. Option (d) is correct. Moderates believed in gradual reforms and relied on methods like prayers, petitions, and persuasion (the “3 Ps”), appealing to the British sense of justice and fair play through constitutional means. In contrast, Extremists had lost faith in these methods and advocated for more assertive approaches like passive resistance, Swadeshi, boycott of foreign goods and institutions, and fostering self-reliance. Some extremist ideologies also did not shy away from direct action if necessary. Incorrect Solution: d) Option (a) is incorrect. The roles were reversed. Extremists were the first to clearly articulate the demand for Swaraj or complete independence, while Moderates initially aimed for self-government or Dominion Status within the British Empire. Option (b) is incorrect. Moderates generally had a support base among the educated urban elite, professionals, and some zamindars. Extremists sought to broaden the base of the nationalist movement by appealing to the educated middle class, lower-middle classes, and students, and attempted to reach the masses, though their success in mobilizing the peasantry was varied. Option (c) is incorrect. Moderates were largely inspired by Western liberal thought, ideas of democracy, and British political institutions, believing in reforming the “un-British” aspects of colonial rule. Extremists, on the other hand, drew heavily from India’s ancient cultural and spiritual heritage, invoking figures like Shivaji and festivals like Ganapati Puja to instill national pride and mobilize the masses. Option (d) is correct. Moderates believed in gradual reforms and relied on methods like prayers, petitions, and persuasion (the “3 Ps”), appealing to the British sense of justice and fair play through constitutional means. In contrast, Extremists had lost faith in these methods and advocated for more assertive approaches like passive resistance, Swadeshi, boycott of foreign goods and institutions, and fostering self-reliance. Some extremist ideologies also did not shy away from direct action if necessary.

#### 3. Question

Which of the following accurately describes a key ideological difference between the Moderates and the Extremists in the Indian National Congress during the early 20th century?

• (a) Moderates aimed for Purna Swaraj (complete independence), while Extremists sought only Dominion Status within the British Empire.

• (b) Moderates had a wide support base among the peasantry and lower middle classes, while Extremists were primarily supported by zamindars and the urban elite.

• (c) Moderates drew inspiration primarily from India's ancient cultural heritage, while Extremists were largely influenced by Western liberal thought.

• (d) Moderates believed in the efficacy of constitutional agitation and appeals to British justice, while Extremists advocated for passive resistance, boycott, and self-reliance, sometimes extending to direct action.

Solution: d)

• Option (a) is incorrect. The roles were reversed. Extremists were the first to clearly articulate the demand for Swaraj or complete independence, while Moderates initially aimed for self-government or Dominion Status within the British Empire.

• Option (b) is incorrect. Moderates generally had a support base among the educated urban elite, professionals, and some zamindars. Extremists sought to broaden the base of the nationalist movement by appealing to the educated middle class, lower-middle classes, and students, and attempted to reach the masses, though their success in mobilizing the peasantry was varied.

• Option (c) is incorrect. Moderates were largely inspired by Western liberal thought, ideas of democracy, and British political institutions, believing in reforming the “un-British” aspects of colonial rule. Extremists, on the other hand, drew heavily from India’s ancient cultural and spiritual heritage, invoking figures like Shivaji and festivals like Ganapati Puja to instill national pride and mobilize the masses.

• Option (d) is correct. Moderates believed in gradual reforms and relied on methods like prayers, petitions, and persuasion (the “3 Ps”), appealing to the British sense of justice and fair play through constitutional means. In contrast, Extremists had lost faith in these methods and advocated for more assertive approaches like passive resistance, Swadeshi, boycott of foreign goods and institutions, and fostering self-reliance. Some extremist ideologies also did not shy away from direct action if necessary.

Solution: d)

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Consider the key differences between the Indian Councils Act of 1861 and the Indian Councils Act of 1892: The 1861 Act introduced the portfolio system for the Viceroy’s Executive Council, while the 1892 Act significantly expanded the size of both central and provincial legislative councils. The 1861 Act allowed non-official members to discuss the budget but not vote on it, whereas the 1892 Act granted them the power to vote on the budget and ask supplementary questions. The 1861 Act made no provision for any form of election for non-official members, relying solely on nomination, while the 1892 Act introduced a limited and indirect form of election for some non-official seats. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 1 is correct. The Indian Councils Act, 1861, gave recognition to the ‘portfolio system’ introduced by Lord Canning, where members of the Viceroy’s Executive Council were made in-charge of specific departments. The Indian Councils Act, 1892, expanded the number of additional (non-official) members in both the Central (Imperial) and Provincial Legislative Councils. Statement 2 is incorrect. The 1861 Act provided very limited powers to the legislative councils; non-official members had an advisory role and could not discuss the budget. The 1892 Act allowed members to discuss the annual financial statement (budget) but not to vote on it. They were also allowed to ask questions on matters of public interest with prior notice, but the power to ask supplementary questions was generally not granted or was very restricted. The power to vote on budget items and ask supplementaries came later with the 1909 Act. Statement 3 is correct. The 1861 Act provided for the nomination of non-official members by the Viceroy; there was no element of election. The 1892 Act, while not using the word ‘election’ directly, introduced a principle of representation through indirect election. Non-official members were to be nominated by the Viceroy (for Central Council) and Governors (for Provincial Councils) but on the recommendation of certain bodies like municipalities, district boards, universities, and chambers of commerce. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 1 is correct. The Indian Councils Act, 1861, gave recognition to the ‘portfolio system’ introduced by Lord Canning, where members of the Viceroy’s Executive Council were made in-charge of specific departments. The Indian Councils Act, 1892, expanded the number of additional (non-official) members in both the Central (Imperial) and Provincial Legislative Councils. Statement 2 is incorrect. The 1861 Act provided very limited powers to the legislative councils; non-official members had an advisory role and could not discuss the budget. The 1892 Act allowed members to discuss the annual financial statement (budget) but not to vote on it. They were also allowed to ask questions on matters of public interest with prior notice, but the power to ask supplementary questions was generally not granted or was very restricted. The power to vote on budget items and ask supplementaries came later with the 1909 Act. Statement 3 is correct. The 1861 Act provided for the nomination of non-official members by the Viceroy; there was no element of election. The 1892 Act, while not using the word ‘election’ directly, introduced a principle of representation through indirect election. Non-official members were to be nominated by the Viceroy (for Central Council) and Governors (for Provincial Councils) but on the recommendation of certain bodies like municipalities, district boards, universities, and chambers of commerce.

#### 4. Question

Consider the key differences between the Indian Councils Act of 1861 and the Indian Councils Act of 1892:

• The 1861 Act introduced the portfolio system for the Viceroy’s Executive Council, while the 1892 Act significantly expanded the size of both central and provincial legislative councils.

• The 1861 Act allowed non-official members to discuss the budget but not vote on it, whereas the 1892 Act granted them the power to vote on the budget and ask supplementary questions.

• The 1861 Act made no provision for any form of election for non-official members, relying solely on nomination, while the 1892 Act introduced a limited and indirect form of election for some non-official seats.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: b)

• Statement 1 is correct. The Indian Councils Act, 1861, gave recognition to the ‘portfolio system’ introduced by Lord Canning, where members of the Viceroy’s Executive Council were made in-charge of specific departments. The Indian Councils Act, 1892, expanded the number of additional (non-official) members in both the Central (Imperial) and Provincial Legislative Councils.

• Statement 2 is incorrect. The 1861 Act provided very limited powers to the legislative councils; non-official members had an advisory role and could not discuss the budget. The 1892 Act allowed members to discuss the annual financial statement (budget) but not to vote on it. They were also allowed to ask questions on matters of public interest with prior notice, but the power to ask supplementary questions was generally not granted or was very restricted. The power to vote on budget items and ask supplementaries came later with the 1909 Act.

• Statement 3 is correct. The 1861 Act provided for the nomination of non-official members by the Viceroy; there was no element of election. The 1892 Act, while not using the word ‘election’ directly, introduced a principle of representation through indirect election. Non-official members were to be nominated by the Viceroy (for Central Council) and Governors (for Provincial Councils) but on the recommendation of certain bodies like municipalities, district boards, universities, and chambers of commerce.

Solution: b)

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Consider the following statements regarding INA (Indian National Army) trials. Statement-I: The INA (Indian National Army) trials held at the Red Fort in 1945-46 saw the court-martial of officers like P.K. Sahgal, G.S. Dhillon, and Shah Nawaz Khan on charges of treason. Statement-II: The trials generated widespread sympathy and patriotic fervor across India, leading to mass protests and significantly weakening the British resolve to continue their rule, thereby hastening the process of independence. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: a) Statement-I is correct. Following World War II and the defeat of Japan, the British Indian government decided to put on trial several officers of the Indian National Army (INA) for waging war against the King-Emperor (treason). The first and most prominent of these trials, held at the Red Fort in Delhi (1945-46), involved three officers: Colonel Prem Kumar Sahgal, Colonel Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon, and Major General Shah Nawaz Khan. Statement-II is correct. The INA trials had a profound and unexpected impact. Instead of discrediting the INA, they ignited massive nationalist upsurges across India. The accused officers became symbols of patriotism and national unity, cutting across communal lines. There were widespread protests, hartals, and demonstrations involving students, workers, and even sections of the armed forces. This overwhelming public support, coupled with events like the RIN Mutiny (which was partly inspired by the INA’s example), demonstrated the erosion of British authority and the untenability of their position in India. The trials and the subsequent public reaction significantly weakened British morale and resolve, contributing to their decision to expedite the transfer of power. Incorrect Solution: a) Statement-I is correct. Following World War II and the defeat of Japan, the British Indian government decided to put on trial several officers of the Indian National Army (INA) for waging war against the King-Emperor (treason). The first and most prominent of these trials, held at the Red Fort in Delhi (1945-46), involved three officers: Colonel Prem Kumar Sahgal, Colonel Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon, and Major General Shah Nawaz Khan. Statement-II is correct. The INA trials had a profound and unexpected impact. Instead of discrediting the INA, they ignited massive nationalist upsurges across India. The accused officers became symbols of patriotism and national unity, cutting across communal lines. There were widespread protests, hartals, and demonstrations involving students, workers, and even sections of the armed forces. This overwhelming public support, coupled with events like the RIN Mutiny (which was partly inspired by the INA’s example), demonstrated the erosion of British authority and the untenability of their position in India. The trials and the subsequent public reaction significantly weakened British morale and resolve, contributing to their decision to expedite the transfer of power.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements regarding INA (Indian National Army) trials.

Statement-I: The INA (Indian National Army) trials held at the Red Fort in 1945-46 saw the court-martial of officers like P.K. Sahgal, G.S. Dhillon, and Shah Nawaz Khan on charges of treason.

Statement-II: The trials generated widespread sympathy and patriotic fervor across India, leading to mass protests and significantly weakening the British resolve to continue their rule, thereby hastening the process of independence.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

• (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Solution: a)

Statement-I is correct. Following World War II and the defeat of Japan, the British Indian government decided to put on trial several officers of the Indian National Army (INA) for waging war against the King-Emperor (treason). The first and most prominent of these trials, held at the Red Fort in Delhi (1945-46), involved three officers: Colonel Prem Kumar Sahgal, Colonel Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon, and Major General Shah Nawaz Khan.

Statement-II is correct. The INA trials had a profound and unexpected impact. Instead of discrediting the INA, they ignited massive nationalist upsurges across India. The accused officers became symbols of patriotism and national unity, cutting across communal lines. There were widespread protests, hartals, and demonstrations involving students, workers, and even sections of the armed forces. This overwhelming public support, coupled with events like the RIN Mutiny (which was partly inspired by the INA’s example), demonstrated the erosion of British authority and the untenability of their position in India. The trials and the subsequent public reaction significantly weakened British morale and resolve, contributing to their decision to expedite the transfer of power.

Solution: a)

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