UPSC Static Quiz – Geography : 24 February 2025

UPSC Static Quiz – Geography : 24 February 2025 We will post 5 questions daily on static topics mentioned in the UPSC civil services preliminary examination syllabus. Each week will focus on a specific topic from the syllabus, such as History of India and Indian National Movement, Indian and World Geography, and more.We are excited to bring you our daily UPSC Static Quiz, designed to help you prepare for the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination. Each day, we will post 5 questions on static topics mentioned in the UPSC syllabus. This week, we are focusing on Indian and World Geography.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Consider the following statements about the factors contributing to typhoon formation in Vietnam and the Philippines: Warm ocean waters in the Western Pacific fuel the formation of typhoons. Monsoonal winds often intensify typhoons, especially during the peak season. The Philippines and Vietnam’s geographic position shields them from the worst effects of typhoons. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: B Typhoons are powerful tropical cyclones that form in the Western Pacific, frequently impacting countries like the Philippines and Vietnam due to their geographic location in the typhoon belt. Several factors contribute to their formation and intensity. Statement 1 is correct because warm ocean waters in the Western Pacific provide the necessary heat and moisture to fuel typhoons. The sea surface temperature must be at least 26–27°C for cyclogenesis, and the region’s warm waters create an environment conducive to frequent and intense typhoons. Statement 2 is also correct, as monsoonal winds play a significant role in the intensification of typhoons. The southwest monsoon and northeast monsoon influence wind patterns, moisture availability, and atmospheric instability, making typhoons more powerful, particularly during peak seasons. Statement 3 is incorrect because rather than shielding them, the geographic position of Vietnam and the Philippines makes them highly vulnerable to typhoons. The Philippines, being an archipelago in the typhoon belt, experiences multiple landfalls every year, while Vietnam often faces typhoon impacts along its central and northern coastline, causing significant damage. Incorrect Solution: B Typhoons are powerful tropical cyclones that form in the Western Pacific, frequently impacting countries like the Philippines and Vietnam due to their geographic location in the typhoon belt. Several factors contribute to their formation and intensity. Statement 1 is correct because warm ocean waters in the Western Pacific provide the necessary heat and moisture to fuel typhoons. The sea surface temperature must be at least 26–27°C for cyclogenesis, and the region’s warm waters create an environment conducive to frequent and intense typhoons. Statement 2 is also correct, as monsoonal winds play a significant role in the intensification of typhoons. The southwest monsoon and northeast monsoon influence wind patterns, moisture availability, and atmospheric instability, making typhoons more powerful, particularly during peak seasons. Statement 3 is incorrect because rather than shielding them, the geographic position of Vietnam and the Philippines makes them highly vulnerable to typhoons. The Philippines, being an archipelago in the typhoon belt, experiences multiple landfalls every year, while Vietnam often faces typhoon impacts along its central and northern coastline, causing significant damage.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements about the factors contributing to typhoon formation in Vietnam and the Philippines:

• Warm ocean waters in the Western Pacific fuel the formation of typhoons.

• Monsoonal winds often intensify typhoons, especially during the peak season.

• The Philippines and Vietnam’s geographic position shields them from the worst effects of typhoons.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: B

• Typhoons are powerful tropical cyclones that form in the Western Pacific, frequently impacting countries like the Philippines and Vietnam due to their geographic location in the typhoon belt. Several factors contribute to their formation and intensity.

• Statement 1 is correct because warm ocean waters in the Western Pacific provide the necessary heat and moisture to fuel typhoons. The sea surface temperature must be at least 26–27°C for cyclogenesis, and the region’s warm waters create an environment conducive to frequent and intense typhoons.

• Statement 2 is also correct, as monsoonal winds play a significant role in the intensification of typhoons. The southwest monsoon and northeast monsoon influence wind patterns, moisture availability, and atmospheric instability, making typhoons more powerful, particularly during peak seasons.

• Statement 3 is incorrect because rather than shielding them, the geographic position of Vietnam and the Philippines makes them highly vulnerable to typhoons. The Philippines, being an archipelago in the typhoon belt, experiences multiple landfalls every year, while Vietnam often faces typhoon impacts along its central and northern coastline, causing significant damage.

Solution: B

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Consider the following statements about the Bagmati River: It originates in the Shivapuri Hills of Nepal. It flows through the Indian states of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. The river has cultural significance and is home to the Pashupatinath Temple. Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: a) The Bagmati River is an important transboundary river that flows through Nepal and India, playing a vital role in both regions’ ecology and culture. Statement 1 is correct because the Bagmati River originates in the Shivapuri Hills of Nepal, north of Kathmandu. It is an essential water source for the Kathmandu Valley and surrounding areas. Statement 2 is incorrect as the river flows through Bihar in India but does not pass through Uttar Pradesh. After entering Bihar from Nepal, it merges with the Kosi River, ultimately draining into the Ganges. Statement 3 is correct because the Pashupatinath Temple, one of the most sacred Hindu temples dedicated to Lord Shiva, is located on the banks of the Bagmati River in Kathmandu. The river is considered holy, and cremation rituals are performed along its banks. Incorrect Solution: a) The Bagmati River is an important transboundary river that flows through Nepal and India, playing a vital role in both regions’ ecology and culture. Statement 1 is correct because the Bagmati River originates in the Shivapuri Hills of Nepal, north of Kathmandu. It is an essential water source for the Kathmandu Valley and surrounding areas. Statement 2 is incorrect as the river flows through Bihar in India but does not pass through Uttar Pradesh. After entering Bihar from Nepal, it merges with the Kosi River, ultimately draining into the Ganges. Statement 3 is correct because the Pashupatinath Temple, one of the most sacred Hindu temples dedicated to Lord Shiva, is located on the banks of the Bagmati River in Kathmandu. The river is considered holy, and cremation rituals are performed along its banks. Constitutional morality is a judicially recognized principle that ensures governance aligns with constitutional values, even when societal norms or traditions conflict with fundamental rights. It emphasizes justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity over regressive customs. Statement 1 is correct because constitutional morality strengthens governance by ensuring that practices violating fundamental rights, such as caste discrimination or gender inequality, do not prevail over constitutional principles. Statement 2 is incorrect since constitutional morality was not explicitly mentioned in the original Constitution. Instead, it has been interpreted and developed by courts over time, particularly in landmark judgments concerning social justice and fundamental rights. Statement 3 is correct, as courts have applied constitutional morality in cases such as Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (decriminalization of homosexuality), Shayara Bano v. Union of India (Triple Talaq case), and Indian Young Lawyers Association v. State of Kerala (Sabarimala temple entry case). Statement 4 is correct because constitutional morality allows judicial activism in cases where constitutional values are under threat. The judiciary has used this principle to challenge practices that undermine equality, liberty, or dignity.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements about the Bagmati River:

• It originates in the Shivapuri Hills of Nepal.

• It flows through the Indian states of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh.

• The river has cultural significance and is home to the Pashupatinath Temple.

Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: a)

• The Bagmati River is an important transboundary river that flows through Nepal and India, playing a vital role in both regions’ ecology and culture.

• Statement 1 is correct because the Bagmati River originates in the Shivapuri Hills of Nepal, north of Kathmandu. It is an essential water source for the Kathmandu Valley and surrounding areas.

• Statement 2 is incorrect as the river flows through Bihar in India but does not pass through Uttar Pradesh. After entering Bihar from Nepal, it merges with the Kosi River, ultimately draining into the Ganges.

• Statement 3 is correct because the Pashupatinath Temple, one of the most sacred Hindu temples dedicated to Lord Shiva, is located on the banks of the Bagmati River in Kathmandu. The river is considered holy, and cremation rituals are performed along its banks.

Solution: a)

• The Bagmati River is an important transboundary river that flows through Nepal and India, playing a vital role in both regions’ ecology and culture.

• Constitutional morality is a judicially recognized principle that ensures governance aligns with constitutional values, even when societal norms or traditions conflict with fundamental rights. It emphasizes justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity over regressive customs.

• Statement 1 is correct because constitutional morality strengthens governance by ensuring that practices violating fundamental rights, such as caste discrimination or gender inequality, do not prevail over constitutional principles.

• Statement 2 is incorrect since constitutional morality was not explicitly mentioned in the original Constitution. Instead, it has been interpreted and developed by courts over time, particularly in landmark judgments concerning social justice and fundamental rights.

• Statement 3 is correct, as courts have applied constitutional morality in cases such as Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India (decriminalization of homosexuality), Shayara Bano v. Union of India (Triple Talaq case), and Indian Young Lawyers Association v. State of Kerala (Sabarimala temple entry case).

• Statement 4 is correct because constitutional morality allows judicial activism in cases where constitutional values are under threat. The judiciary has used this principle to challenge practices that undermine equality, liberty, or dignity.

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Isostatic rebound is most commonly associated with which of the following phenomena? (a) Tsunami formation (b) Volcanic eruptions (c) Melting of glaciers (d) River formation Correct Solution: C Isostatic rebound, also known as glacial isostatic adjustment, is a geological process where the Earth’s crust rises after being compressed by massive ice sheets or glaciers. The correct answer is (C) Melting of glaciers, as this phenomenon is most commonly associated with isostatic rebound. When glaciers form, their immense weight depresses the Earth’s crust. After they melt, the removal of this weight allows the crust to gradually rise back to its original position. This process is observed in regions like Scandinavia, Canada, and Antarctica, where land is still uplifting due to the melting of ancient ice sheets from the last Ice Age. Incorrect Solution: C Isostatic rebound, also known as glacial isostatic adjustment, is a geological process where the Earth’s crust rises after being compressed by massive ice sheets or glaciers. The correct answer is (C) Melting of glaciers, as this phenomenon is most commonly associated with isostatic rebound. When glaciers form, their immense weight depresses the Earth’s crust. After they melt, the removal of this weight allows the crust to gradually rise back to its original position. This process is observed in regions like Scandinavia, Canada, and Antarctica, where land is still uplifting due to the melting of ancient ice sheets from the last Ice Age.

#### 3. Question

Isostatic rebound is most commonly associated with which of the following phenomena?

• (a) Tsunami formation

• (b) Volcanic eruptions

• (c) Melting of glaciers

• (d) River formation

Solution: C

• Isostatic rebound, also known as glacial isostatic adjustment, is a geological process where the Earth’s crust rises after being compressed by massive ice sheets or glaciers.

• The correct answer is (C) Melting of glaciers, as this phenomenon is most commonly associated with isostatic rebound. When glaciers form, their immense weight depresses the Earth’s crust. After they melt, the removal of this weight allows the crust to gradually rise back to its original position. This process is observed in regions like Scandinavia, Canada, and Antarctica, where land is still uplifting due to the melting of ancient ice sheets from the last Ice Age.

Solution: C

• Isostatic rebound, also known as glacial isostatic adjustment, is a geological process where the Earth’s crust rises after being compressed by massive ice sheets or glaciers.

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Chaukhamba massif is part of which mountain range? (a) Pir Panjal Range (b) Garhwal Himalayas (c) Karakoram Range (d) Zanskar Range Correct Solution: B Chaukhamba is a prominent massif in the Garhwal Himalayas, Uttarakhand, India. It is part of the Gangotri Group of peaks and plays a significant role in the geography of the region. Located at the head of the Gangotri Glacier, the Chaukhamba peaks are known for their towering heights, making them an important feature of the Garhwal range. Incorrect Solution: B Chaukhamba is a prominent massif in the Garhwal Himalayas, Uttarakhand, India. It is part of the Gangotri Group of peaks and plays a significant role in the geography of the region. Located at the head of the Gangotri Glacier, the Chaukhamba peaks are known for their towering heights, making them an important feature of the Garhwal range.

#### 4. Question

Chaukhamba massif is part of which mountain range?

• (a) Pir Panjal Range

• (b) Garhwal Himalayas

• (c) Karakoram Range

• (d) Zanskar Range

Solution: B

Chaukhamba is a prominent massif in the Garhwal Himalayas, Uttarakhand, India. It is part of the Gangotri Group of peaks and plays a significant role in the geography of the region. Located at the head of the Gangotri Glacier, the Chaukhamba peaks are known for their towering heights, making them an important feature of the Garhwal range.

Solution: B

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Consider the following statements regarding auroras and solar activity: Auroras primarily occur near Earth’s poles due to the trapping of charged particles by Earth’s magnetic field. Auroras can be visible at mid-latitudes during periods of strong solar activity, such as geomagnetic storms. Solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) reduce the likelihood of auroras being visible. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: B Statement 1 is correct because auroras are primarily visible near the poles where Earth’s magnetic field directs charged particles. Statement 2 is also correct as strong solar activity, such as solar flares and CMEs, can expand auroras to mid-latitudes. Statement 3 is incorrect because solar flares and CMEs actually increase the likelihood of auroras being visible, not reduce it. Incorrect Solution: B Statement 1 is correct because auroras are primarily visible near the poles where Earth’s magnetic field directs charged particles. Statement 2 is also correct as strong solar activity, such as solar flares and CMEs, can expand auroras to mid-latitudes. Statement 3 is incorrect because solar flares and CMEs actually increase the likelihood of auroras being visible, not reduce it.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements regarding auroras and solar activity:

• Auroras primarily occur near Earth’s poles due to the trapping of charged particles by Earth’s magnetic field.

• Auroras can be visible at mid-latitudes during periods of strong solar activity, such as geomagnetic storms.

• Solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) reduce the likelihood of auroras being visible.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: B

Statement 1 is correct because auroras are primarily visible near the poles where Earth’s magnetic field directs charged particles.

Statement 2 is also correct as strong solar activity, such as solar flares and CMEs, can expand auroras to mid-latitudes.

Statement 3 is incorrect because solar flares and CMEs actually increase the likelihood of auroras being visible, not reduce it.

Solution: B

Statement 1 is correct because auroras are primarily visible near the poles where Earth’s magnetic field directs charged particles.

Statement 2 is also correct as strong solar activity, such as solar flares and CMEs, can expand auroras to mid-latitudes.

Statement 3 is incorrect because solar flares and CMEs actually increase the likelihood of auroras being visible, not reduce it.

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