UPSC Static Quiz – Geography : 23 September 2024

UPSC Static Quiz – Geography : 23 September 2024 We will post 5 questions daily on static topics mentioned in the UPSC civil services preliminary examination syllabus. Each week will focus on a specific topic from the syllabus, such as History of India and Indian National Movement, Indian and World Geography, and more.We are excited to bring you our daily UPSC Static Quiz, designed to help you prepare for the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination. Each day, we will post 5 questions on static topics mentioned in the UPSC syllabus. This week, we are focusing on Indian and World Geography.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Consider the following statements about the continental shelf: The depth of the water over the continental shelf ranges between 120 and 370 kilometers. Continental shelves are always wider along coasts that do not have fold mountains running parallel to them. Continental shelves are primarily formed by the erosional work of waves or by glacial deposits. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: a) Statement 1 is incorrect because the depth of water over the continental shelf is between 120 and 370 meters, not kilometers. This is the depth range for shallow seas above continental shelves. Statement 2 is incorrect. Although fold mountains running parallel to the coast can limit the width of the continental shelf, it is not universally true that wider shelves are only found where such mountains are absent. For example, the continental shelf is wider along the eastern coast of India compared to the western coast, despite the absence of fold mountains on either side. Statement 3 is correct. Many continental shelves have formed through the erosional action of waves, deposition of river-borne material, and in some cases, glacial deposits in regions previously covered by ice sheets. Incorrect Solution: a) Statement 1 is incorrect because the depth of water over the continental shelf is between 120 and 370 meters, not kilometers. This is the depth range for shallow seas above continental shelves. Statement 2 is incorrect. Although fold mountains running parallel to the coast can limit the width of the continental shelf, it is not universally true that wider shelves are only found where such mountains are absent. For example, the continental shelf is wider along the eastern coast of India compared to the western coast, despite the absence of fold mountains on either side. Statement 3 is correct. Many continental shelves have formed through the erosional action of waves, deposition of river-borne material, and in some cases, glacial deposits in regions previously covered by ice sheets.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements about the continental shelf:

• The depth of the water over the continental shelf ranges between 120 and 370 kilometers.

• Continental shelves are always wider along coasts that do not have fold mountains running parallel to them.

• Continental shelves are primarily formed by the erosional work of waves or by glacial deposits.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: a)

Statement 1 is incorrect because the depth of water over the continental shelf is between 120 and 370 meters, not kilometers. This is the depth range for shallow seas above continental shelves.

Statement 2 is incorrect. Although fold mountains running parallel to the coast can limit the width of the continental shelf, it is not universally true that wider shelves are only found where such mountains are absent. For example, the continental shelf is wider along the eastern coast of India compared to the western coast, despite the absence of fold mountains on either side.

Statement 3 is correct. Many continental shelves have formed through the erosional action of waves, deposition of river-borne material, and in some cases, glacial deposits in regions previously covered by ice sheets.

Solution: a)

Statement 1 is incorrect because the depth of water over the continental shelf is between 120 and 370 meters, not kilometers. This is the depth range for shallow seas above continental shelves.

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Why are continental shelves particularly important for the fishing industry? a) They have strong ocean currents that trap large quantities of fish b) The shelves are deeper than the open ocean, attracting more fish species c) Fish migrate from deep waters to breed on the shelves d) The shallow waters allow sunlight to reach the ocean floor, promoting plankton growth Correct Solution: d) Continental shelves are important for the fishing industry because their shallow waters allow sunlight to penetrate to the ocean floor, which promotes the growth of plankton. These planktons form the base of the marine food chain and serve as food for many fish species, making the shelves rich fishing grounds. Incorrect Solution: d) Continental shelves are important for the fishing industry because their shallow waters allow sunlight to penetrate to the ocean floor, which promotes the growth of plankton. These planktons form the base of the marine food chain and serve as food for many fish species, making the shelves rich fishing grounds.

#### 2. Question

Why are continental shelves particularly important for the fishing industry?

• a) They have strong ocean currents that trap large quantities of fish

• b) The shelves are deeper than the open ocean, attracting more fish species

• c) Fish migrate from deep waters to breed on the shelves

• d) The shallow waters allow sunlight to reach the ocean floor, promoting plankton growth

Solution: d)

Continental shelves are important for the fishing industry because their shallow waters allow sunlight to penetrate to the ocean floor, which promotes the growth of plankton. These planktons form the base of the marine food chain and serve as food for many fish species, making the shelves rich fishing grounds.

Solution: d)

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Which of the following resources is not commonly found on continental shelves? a) Petroleum b) Gold c) Natural gas d) Sand and gravel Correct Solution: b) Continental shelves are rich in resources like petroleum, natural gas, sand, and gravel. These shelves are essential areas for oil drilling and other mineral extractions. However, gold is not commonly mined from continental shelves, as it is generally found in other types of geological deposits, such as riverbeds and underground veins. Incorrect Solution: b) Continental shelves are rich in resources like petroleum, natural gas, sand, and gravel. These shelves are essential areas for oil drilling and other mineral extractions. However, gold is not commonly mined from continental shelves, as it is generally found in other types of geological deposits, such as riverbeds and underground veins.

#### 3. Question

Which of the following resources is not commonly found on continental shelves?

• a) Petroleum

• c) Natural gas

• d) Sand and gravel

Solution: b)

Continental shelves are rich in resources like petroleum, natural gas, sand, and gravel. These shelves are essential areas for oil drilling and other mineral extractions. However, gold is not commonly mined from continental shelves, as it is generally found in other types of geological deposits, such as riverbeds and underground veins.

Solution: b)

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Consider the following statements about the continental slope: The gradient of the continental slope is generally about 15 degrees. The continental slope is characterized by significant sediment deposition due to its proximity to the coast. The continental slope is the most biologically rich region of the ocean due to the abundance of sunlight and nutrients. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? a) 1 only b) 1 and 2 only c) 2 and 3 only d) None of the above Correct Solution: d) Statement 1 is incorrect because the gradient of the continental slope is typically about 2.5 degrees, not 15 degrees. The slope is steeper than the shelf, but not to the extent described. Statement 2 is incorrect. The continental slope has very little sediment accumulation compared to the continental shelf, as its steepness prevents significant sediment deposits. Sediments are more likely to be found at the base of the slope, forming the continental rise. Statement 3 is incorrect. The continental slope is not biologically rich because it is located at greater depths where sunlight does not reach, and nutrients are scarce, limiting marine biodiversity compared to the continental shelf. Incorrect Solution: d) Statement 1 is incorrect because the gradient of the continental slope is typically about 2.5 degrees, not 15 degrees. The slope is steeper than the shelf, but not to the extent described. Statement 2 is incorrect. The continental slope has very little sediment accumulation compared to the continental shelf, as its steepness prevents significant sediment deposits. Sediments are more likely to be found at the base of the slope, forming the continental rise. Statement 3 is incorrect. The continental slope is not biologically rich because it is located at greater depths where sunlight does not reach, and nutrients are scarce, limiting marine biodiversity compared to the continental shelf.

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements about the continental slope:

• The gradient of the continental slope is generally about 15 degrees.

• The continental slope is characterized by significant sediment deposition due to its proximity to the coast.

• The continental slope is the most biologically rich region of the ocean due to the abundance of sunlight and nutrients.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• b) 1 and 2 only

• c) 2 and 3 only

• d) None of the above

Solution: d)

Statement 1 is incorrect because the gradient of the continental slope is typically about 2.5 degrees, not 15 degrees. The slope is steeper than the shelf, but not to the extent described.

Statement 2 is incorrect. The continental slope has very little sediment accumulation compared to the continental shelf, as its steepness prevents significant sediment deposits. Sediments are more likely to be found at the base of the slope, forming the continental rise.

Statement 3 is incorrect. The continental slope is not biologically rich because it is located at greater depths where sunlight does not reach, and nutrients are scarce, limiting marine biodiversity compared to the continental shelf.

Solution: d)

Statement 1 is incorrect because the gradient of the continental slope is typically about 2.5 degrees, not 15 degrees. The slope is steeper than the shelf, but not to the extent described.

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Consider the following statements regarding the abyssal plains: Abyssal plains are devoid of any geological features such as seamounts or submarine plateaus. The sediments covering the abyssal plains near continents are primarily volcanic in origin. Abyssal plains with abundant marine life are often covered with oozes, sediments formed from the remains of marine organisms. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 3 only d) 1 and 3 only Correct Solution: c) Statement 1 is incorrect. Abyssal plains were once thought to be featureless, but modern surveys have shown that they contain submarine plateaus, hills, seamounts, and guyots, making them irregular in certain regions. Statement 2 is incorrect. The sediments covering the abyssal plains near continents are mostly terrigenous, originating from land (brought by rivers, winds, and ocean currents), rather than being primarily volcanic. Statement 3 is correct. In regions with abundant marine life, the sediments on the abyssal plains are often composed of oozes, formed from the accumulation of the remains of microscopic marine organisms like foraminifera and diatoms. These oozes form a thick sedimentary layer on the ocean floor. Incorrect Solution: c) Statement 1 is incorrect. Abyssal plains were once thought to be featureless, but modern surveys have shown that they contain submarine plateaus, hills, seamounts, and guyots, making them irregular in certain regions. Statement 2 is incorrect. The sediments covering the abyssal plains near continents are mostly terrigenous, originating from land (brought by rivers, winds, and ocean currents), rather than being primarily volcanic. Statement 3 is correct. In regions with abundant marine life, the sediments on the abyssal plains are often composed of oozes, formed from the accumulation of the remains of microscopic marine organisms like foraminifera and diatoms. These oozes form a thick sedimentary layer on the ocean floor.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the abyssal plains:

• Abyssal plains are devoid of any geological features such as seamounts or submarine plateaus.

• The sediments covering the abyssal plains near continents are primarily volcanic in origin.

• Abyssal plains with abundant marine life are often covered with oozes, sediments formed from the remains of marine organisms.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• d) 1 and 3 only

Solution: c)

Statement 1 is incorrect. Abyssal plains were once thought to be featureless, but modern surveys have shown that they contain submarine plateaus, hills, seamounts, and guyots, making them irregular in certain regions.

Statement 2 is incorrect. The sediments covering the abyssal plains near continents are mostly terrigenous, originating from land (brought by rivers, winds, and ocean currents), rather than being primarily volcanic.

Statement 3 is correct. In regions with abundant marine life, the sediments on the abyssal plains are often composed of oozes, formed from the accumulation of the remains of microscopic marine organisms like foraminifera and diatoms. These oozes form a thick sedimentary layer on the ocean floor.

Solution: c)

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