UPSC Static Quiz – Geography : 22 September 2025

UPSC Static Quiz – Geography : 22 September 2025 We will post 5 questions daily on static topics mentioned in the UPSC civil services preliminary examination syllabus. Each week will focus on a specific topic from the syllabus, such as History of India and Indian National Movement, Indian and World Geography, and more.We are excited to bring you our daily UPSC Static Quiz, designed to help you prepare for the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination. Each day, we will post 5 questions on static topics mentioned in the UPSC syllabus. This week, we are focusing on Indian and World Geography.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Match the following: List I (Geographic Feature) List II (Location) List III (Significance) A. Strait of Hormuz 1. Between Malay Peninsula and Sumatra i. Connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea B. Strait of Gibraltar 2. Between Iran and Oman ii. Connects the Persian Gulf to the Gulf of Oman C. Strait of Malacca 3. Between Spain and Morocco iii. One of the world’s busiest shipping lanes Select the correct answer using the code given below: a) A-3-i, B-1-iii, C-2-ii b) A-1-iii, B-2-ii, C-3-i c) A-2-ii, B-3-i, C-1-iii d) A-2-iii, B-3-ii, C-1-i Correct Solution: C Strait of Hormuz: This strait connects the Persian Gulf with the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea. It is located between Iran and Oman. Its primary significance is that it is a critical chokepoint for the global oil trade, with a large portion of the world’s liquefied natural gas and oil passing through it. Therefore, A matches with 2 and ii. Strait of Gibraltar: This strait connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea and separates Spain in Europe from Morocco in Africa. It is a vital shipping route for trade between the Atlantic and Mediterranean regions. Therefore, B matches with 3 and i. Strait of Malacca: This strait is located between the Malay Peninsula and the Indonesian island of Sumatra. It is one of the busiest shipping lanes in the world, as it is the main shipping channel between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. It is a crucial artery for trade between Asia, the Middle East, and Europe. Therefore, C matches with 1 and iii. Incorrect Solution: C Strait of Hormuz: This strait connects the Persian Gulf with the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea. It is located between Iran and Oman. Its primary significance is that it is a critical chokepoint for the global oil trade, with a large portion of the world’s liquefied natural gas and oil passing through it. Therefore, A matches with 2 and ii. Strait of Gibraltar: This strait connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea and separates Spain in Europe from Morocco in Africa. It is a vital shipping route for trade between the Atlantic and Mediterranean regions. Therefore, B matches with 3 and i. Strait of Malacca: This strait is located between the Malay Peninsula and the Indonesian island of Sumatra. It is one of the busiest shipping lanes in the world, as it is the main shipping channel between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. It is a crucial artery for trade between Asia, the Middle East, and Europe. Therefore, C matches with 1 and iii.

#### 1. Question

Match the following:

List I (Geographic Feature) | List II (Location) | List III (Significance)

A. Strait of Hormuz | 1. Between Malay Peninsula and Sumatra | i. Connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea

B. Strait of Gibraltar | 2. Between Iran and Oman | ii. Connects the Persian Gulf to the Gulf of Oman

C. Strait of Malacca | 3. Between Spain and Morocco | iii. One of the world’s busiest shipping lanes

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

• a) A-3-i, B-1-iii, C-2-ii

• b) A-1-iii, B-2-ii, C-3-i

• c) A-2-ii, B-3-i, C-1-iii

• d) A-2-iii, B-3-ii, C-1-i

Solution: C

• Strait of Hormuz: This strait connects the Persian Gulf with the Gulf of Oman and the Arabian Sea. It is located between Iran and Oman. Its primary significance is that it is a critical chokepoint for the global oil trade, with a large portion of the world’s liquefied natural gas and oil passing through it. Therefore, A matches with 2 and ii.

• Strait of Gibraltar: This strait connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea and separates Spain in Europe from Morocco in Africa. It is a vital shipping route for trade between the Atlantic and Mediterranean regions. Therefore, B matches with 3 and i.

• Strait of Malacca: This strait is located between the Malay Peninsula and the Indonesian island of Sumatra. It is one of the busiest shipping lanes in the world, as it is the main shipping channel between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. It is a crucial artery for trade between Asia, the Middle East, and Europe. Therefore, C matches with 1 and iii.

Solution: C

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Consider the following statements: The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a zone of divergent plate boundaries, characterized by volcanic activity and the formation of new oceanic crust. The Peru-Chile Trench is a zone of convergent plate boundaries, where the Nazca Plate is subducting beneath the South American Plate. The San Andreas Fault is a transform plate boundary, where the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate are sliding past each other. The Himalayas are an example of a continent-continent collision zone, where the Indian Plate is colliding with the Eurasian Plate. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) Only three (d) All four Correct Solution: D Statement 1 is correct. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a classic example of a divergent plate boundary, where the North American and Eurasian plates, and the South American and African plates are moving apart. This separation allows magma to rise from the mantle, creating new oceanic crust and resulting in volcanic activity and shallow earthquakes. Statement 2 is correct. The Peru-Chile Trench is a deep oceanic trench formed by the subduction of the oceanic Nazca Plate beneath the continental South American Plate. This is a convergent plate boundary that is responsible for the formation of the Andes Mountains and is associated with intense volcanic and seismic activity. Statement 3 is correct. The San Andreas Fault in California is a well-known transform plate boundary. Here, the Pacific Plate is moving northwestward relative to the North American Plate. This horizontal sliding motion causes frequent earthquakes along the fault line. Statement 4 is correct. The Himalayan mountain range is the result of a continent-continent collision between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. As both plates are composed of relatively light continental crust, neither can subduct. Instead, the crust is forced to buckle and fold, creating the world’s highest mountain range. This collision is still ongoing, causing the Himalayas to continue to rise. Incorrect Solution: D Statement 1 is correct. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a classic example of a divergent plate boundary, where the North American and Eurasian plates, and the South American and African plates are moving apart. This separation allows magma to rise from the mantle, creating new oceanic crust and resulting in volcanic activity and shallow earthquakes. Statement 2 is correct. The Peru-Chile Trench is a deep oceanic trench formed by the subduction of the oceanic Nazca Plate beneath the continental South American Plate. This is a convergent plate boundary that is responsible for the formation of the Andes Mountains and is associated with intense volcanic and seismic activity. Statement 3 is correct. The San Andreas Fault in California is a well-known transform plate boundary. Here, the Pacific Plate is moving northwestward relative to the North American Plate. This horizontal sliding motion causes frequent earthquakes along the fault line. Statement 4 is correct. The Himalayan mountain range is the result of a continent-continent collision between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. As both plates are composed of relatively light continental crust, neither can subduct. Instead, the crust is forced to buckle and fold, creating the world’s highest mountain range. This collision is still ongoing, causing the Himalayas to continue to rise.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements:

• The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a zone of divergent plate boundaries, characterized by volcanic activity and the formation of new oceanic crust.

• The Peru-Chile Trench is a zone of convergent plate boundaries, where the Nazca Plate is subducting beneath the South American Plate.

• The San Andreas Fault is a transform plate boundary, where the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate are sliding past each other.

• The Himalayas are an example of a continent-continent collision zone, where the Indian Plate is colliding with the Eurasian Plate.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) Only three

• (d) All four

Solution: D

• Statement 1 is correct. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a classic example of a divergent plate boundary, where the North American and Eurasian plates, and the South American and African plates are moving apart. This separation allows magma to rise from the mantle, creating new oceanic crust and resulting in volcanic activity and shallow earthquakes.

• Statement 2 is correct. The Peru-Chile Trench is a deep oceanic trench formed by the subduction of the oceanic Nazca Plate beneath the continental South American Plate. This is a convergent plate boundary that is responsible for the formation of the Andes Mountains and is associated with intense volcanic and seismic activity.

• Statement 3 is correct. The San Andreas Fault in California is a well-known transform plate boundary. Here, the Pacific Plate is moving northwestward relative to the North American Plate. This horizontal sliding motion causes frequent earthquakes along the fault line.

• Statement 4 is correct. The Himalayan mountain range is the result of a continent-continent collision between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. As both plates are composed of relatively light continental crust, neither can subduct. Instead, the crust is forced to buckle and fold, creating the world’s highest mountain range. This collision is still ongoing, causing the Himalayas to continue to rise.

Solution: D

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Consider the following statements: Statement I: The Pacific Ring of Fire is a major area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur. Statement II: The Pacific Ring of Fire is a direct result of the movement and collisions of several tectonic plates, including the Pacific Plate, the Juan de Fuca Plate, the Cocos Plate, the Indian-Australian Plate, the Nazca Plate, the North American Plate, and the Philippine Plate. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: A Statement I is correct. The Pacific Ring of Fire is a horseshoe-shaped zone of intense seismic and volcanic activity that encircles the Pacific Ocean. It is home to over 75% of the world’s active and dormant volcanoes and is responsible for about 90% of the world’s earthquakes. Statement II is correct. The intense geological activity in the Ring of Fire is a direct consequence of plate tectonics. The Pacific Plate, along with several smaller plates, is interacting with the surrounding continental plates. This interaction primarily involves subduction, where denser oceanic plates are forced beneath lighter continental plates. This process creates deep ocean trenches, volcanic arcs, and mountain ranges, and is responsible for the high frequency of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I. Incorrect Solution: A Statement I is correct. The Pacific Ring of Fire is a horseshoe-shaped zone of intense seismic and volcanic activity that encircles the Pacific Ocean. It is home to over 75% of the world’s active and dormant volcanoes and is responsible for about 90% of the world’s earthquakes. Statement II is correct. The intense geological activity in the Ring of Fire is a direct consequence of plate tectonics. The Pacific Plate, along with several smaller plates, is interacting with the surrounding continental plates. This interaction primarily involves subduction, where denser oceanic plates are forced beneath lighter continental plates. This process creates deep ocean trenches, volcanic arcs, and mountain ranges, and is responsible for the high frequency of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I.

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements:

Statement I: The Pacific Ring of Fire is a major area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur.

Statement II: The Pacific Ring of Fire is a direct result of the movement and collisions of several tectonic plates, including the Pacific Plate, the Juan de Fuca Plate, the Cocos Plate, the Indian-Australian Plate, the Nazca Plate, the North American Plate, and the Philippine Plate.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

• d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Solution: A

• Statement I is correct. The Pacific Ring of Fire is a horseshoe-shaped zone of intense seismic and volcanic activity that encircles the Pacific Ocean. It is home to over 75% of the world’s active and dormant volcanoes and is responsible for about 90% of the world’s earthquakes.

• Statement II is correct. The intense geological activity in the Ring of Fire is a direct consequence of plate tectonics. The Pacific Plate, along with several smaller plates, is interacting with the surrounding continental plates. This interaction primarily involves subduction, where denser oceanic plates are forced beneath lighter continental plates. This process creates deep ocean trenches, volcanic arcs, and mountain ranges, and is responsible for the high frequency of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

• Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I.

Solution: A

• Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I.

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Consider the following pairs: Sea Bordering Country 1. Adriatic Sea Albania 2. Black Sea Croatia 3. Caspian Sea Kazakhstan 4. Mediterranean Sea Turkey 5. Red Sea Syria How many of the above pairs are correctly matched? a) Only two b) Only three c) Only four d) All five Correct Solution: B Pair 1 is correctly matched. The Adriatic Sea is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan Peninsula. Albania is one of the countries that has a coastline on the Adriatic Sea. Pair 2 is incorrectly matched. The Black Sea is an inland sea between Europe and Asia. Croatia does not border the Black Sea; it has a coastline on the Adriatic Sea. Countries bordering the Black Sea include Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, Russia, and Georgia. Pair 3 is correctly matched. The Caspian Sea is the world’s largest inland body of water. Kazakhstan is one of the countries that borders the Caspian Sea, along with Russia, Azerbaijan, Iran, and Turkmenistan. Pair 4 is correctly matched. The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin. Turkey has a long coastline on the Mediterranean Sea. Pair 5 is incorrectly matched. The Red Sea is a seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia. Syria does not border the Red Sea; it has a coastline on the Mediterranean Sea. Countries bordering the Red Sea include Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea, Djibouti, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Israel, and Jordan. Incorrect Solution: B Pair 1 is correctly matched. The Adriatic Sea is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan Peninsula. Albania is one of the countries that has a coastline on the Adriatic Sea. Pair 2 is incorrectly matched. The Black Sea is an inland sea between Europe and Asia. Croatia does not border the Black Sea; it has a coastline on the Adriatic Sea. Countries bordering the Black Sea include Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, Russia, and Georgia. Pair 3 is correctly matched. The Caspian Sea is the world’s largest inland body of water. Kazakhstan is one of the countries that borders the Caspian Sea, along with Russia, Azerbaijan, Iran, and Turkmenistan. Pair 4 is correctly matched. The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin. Turkey has a long coastline on the Mediterranean Sea. Pair 5 is incorrectly matched. The Red Sea is a seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia. Syria does not border the Red Sea; it has a coastline on the Mediterranean Sea. Countries bordering the Red Sea include Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea, Djibouti, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Israel, and Jordan.

#### 4. Question

Consider the following pairs:

Sea | Bordering Country

1.Adriatic Sea | Albania
2.Black Sea | Croatia
3.Caspian Sea | Kazakhstan
4.Mediterranean Sea | Turkey
5.Red Sea | Syria

How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?

• a) Only two

• b) Only three

• c) Only four

• d) All five

Solution: B

• Pair 1 is correctly matched. The Adriatic Sea is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan Peninsula. Albania is one of the countries that has a coastline on the Adriatic Sea.

• Pair 2 is incorrectly matched. The Black Sea is an inland sea between Europe and Asia. Croatia does not border the Black Sea; it has a coastline on the Adriatic Sea. Countries bordering the Black Sea include Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, Russia, and Georgia.

• Pair 3 is correctly matched. The Caspian Sea is the world’s largest inland body of water. Kazakhstan is one of the countries that borders the Caspian Sea, along with Russia, Azerbaijan, Iran, and Turkmenistan.

• Pair 4 is correctly matched. The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin. Turkey has a long coastline on the Mediterranean Sea.

• Pair 5 is incorrectly matched. The Red Sea is a seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia. Syria does not border the Red Sea; it has a coastline on the Mediterranean Sea. Countries bordering the Red Sea include Egypt, Sudan, Eritrea, Djibouti, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Israel, and Jordan.

Solution: B

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Consider the following statements regarding the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) as defined by the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS): An EEZ extends up to 200 nautical miles from a coastal state’s baseline, within which the state has sovereign rights for exploring and exploiting all natural resources. The coastal state has jurisdiction over marine scientific research and environmental protection within its EEZ. Foreign states enjoy the freedom of navigation and overflight in the EEZ, subject to the rights and duties of the coastal state. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: C Statement 1 is correct. UNCLOS defines the EEZ as a zone extending from the baseline (typically the low-water line) out to 200 nautical miles (approximately 370 km). Within this zone, the coastal state does not have full sovereignty (as it does in its territorial sea), but it has sovereign rights for the specific purposes of exploring, exploiting, conserving, and managing the natural resources, whether living (e.g., fisheries) or non-living (e.g., oil, gas, minerals on the seabed and subsoil), and for other economic activities like the production of energy from water, currents, and winds. Statement 2 is correct. The convention grants the coastal state jurisdiction within its EEZ over the establishment and use of artificial islands, installations, and structures; marine scientific research; and the protection and preservation of the marine environment. This means the coastal state can regulate and authorize scientific research and enact environmental laws within its EEZ. Statement 3 is correct. The EEZ is not territorial water. UNCLOS carefully balances the rights of the coastal state with the rights of other states. All states, whether coastal or land-locked, enjoy the high seas freedoms of navigation and overflight, and of the laying of submarine cables and pipelines, within the EEZ. These freedoms must be exercised with due regard for the rights and duties of the coastal state and in compliance with its laws and regulations that are consistent with the convention. Incorrect Solution: C Statement 1 is correct. UNCLOS defines the EEZ as a zone extending from the baseline (typically the low-water line) out to 200 nautical miles (approximately 370 km). Within this zone, the coastal state does not have full sovereignty (as it does in its territorial sea), but it has sovereign rights for the specific purposes of exploring, exploiting, conserving, and managing the natural resources, whether living (e.g., fisheries) or non-living (e.g., oil, gas, minerals on the seabed and subsoil), and for other economic activities like the production of energy from water, currents, and winds. Statement 2 is correct. The convention grants the coastal state jurisdiction within its EEZ over the establishment and use of artificial islands, installations, and structures; marine scientific research; and the protection and preservation of the marine environment. This means the coastal state can regulate and authorize scientific research and enact environmental laws within its EEZ. Statement 3 is correct. The EEZ is not territorial water. UNCLOS carefully balances the rights of the coastal state with the rights of other states. All states, whether coastal or land-locked, enjoy the high seas freedoms of navigation and overflight, and of the laying of submarine cables and pipelines, within the EEZ. These freedoms must be exercised with due regard for the rights and duties of the coastal state and in compliance with its laws and regulations that are consistent with the convention.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) as defined by the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS):

• An EEZ extends up to 200 nautical miles from a coastal state’s baseline, within which the state has sovereign rights for exploring and exploiting all natural resources.

• The coastal state has jurisdiction over marine scientific research and environmental protection within its EEZ.

• Foreign states enjoy the freedom of navigation and overflight in the EEZ, subject to the rights and duties of the coastal state.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: C

• Statement 1 is correct. UNCLOS defines the EEZ as a zone extending from the baseline (typically the low-water line) out to 200 nautical miles (approximately 370 km). Within this zone, the coastal state does not have full sovereignty (as it does in its territorial sea), but it has sovereign rights for the specific purposes of exploring, exploiting, conserving, and managing the natural resources, whether living (e.g., fisheries) or non-living (e.g., oil, gas, minerals on the seabed and subsoil), and for other economic activities like the production of energy from water, currents, and winds.

• Statement 2 is correct. The convention grants the coastal state jurisdiction within its EEZ over the establishment and use of artificial islands, installations, and structures; marine scientific research; and the protection and preservation of the marine environment. This means the coastal state can regulate and authorize scientific research and enact environmental laws within its EEZ.

• Statement 3 is correct. The EEZ is not territorial water. UNCLOS carefully balances the rights of the coastal state with the rights of other states. All states, whether coastal or land-locked, enjoy the high seas freedoms of navigation and overflight, and of the laying of submarine cables and pipelines, within the EEZ. These freedoms must be exercised with due regard for the rights and duties of the coastal state and in compliance with its laws and regulations that are consistent with the convention.

Solution: C

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