UPSC STATIC QUIZ – Geography : 20 March 2024

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We will post 5 questions daily on static topics mentioned in the UPSC civil services preliminary examination syllabus. Each week will focus on a specific topic from the syllabus, such as History of India and Indian National Movement, Indian and World Geography, and more.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question The same face of the Moon is always presented to the Earth. Why? a) Revolution period of the moon is equal to the rotation period of the Earth. b) Moon doesn’t rotate around its own axis and remains stationary. c) Moon revolves around the Earth at the same speed as it rotates around its own axis. d) Both Moon and Earth has same rotational speed. Correct Solution: c) The moon orbits the Earth once every 27.322 days. It also takes approximately 27 days for the moon to rotate once on its axis. As a result, the moon does not seem to be spinning but appears to observers from Earth to be keeping almost perfectly still. Incorrect Solution: c) The moon orbits the Earth once every 27.322 days. It also takes approximately 27 days for the moon to rotate once on its axis. As a result, the moon does not seem to be spinning but appears to observers from Earth to be keeping almost perfectly still.

#### 1. Question

The same face of the Moon is always presented to the Earth. Why?

• a) Revolution period of the moon is equal to the rotation period of the Earth.

• b) Moon doesn’t rotate around its own axis and remains stationary.

• c) Moon revolves around the Earth at the same speed as it rotates around its own axis.

• d) Both Moon and Earth has same rotational speed.

Solution: c)

The moon orbits the Earth once every 27.322 days. It also takes approximately 27 days for the moon to rotate once on its axis. As a result, the moon does not seem to be spinning but appears to observers from Earth to be keeping almost perfectly still.

Solution: c)

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Consider the following statements regarding Archean rock system in India. Archean rock system is the youngest of all the rock systems. It is found in Aravalli Mountains, Deccan peninsula and some parts of north east India. These rocks have abundant metallic and non-metallic minerals such as iron, copper and manganese. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect. It is found in Aravali Mountains, two-thirds of the Deccan peninsula and some parts of north east. These rocks have abundant metallic and non-metallic minerals such as iron, copper, manganese, bauxite, lead, zinc, gold, silver, tin, tungsten, mica, asbestos, graphite, etc. These are the oldest followed by Dharwar rocks. Tertiary rocks are the youngest. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect. It is found in Aravali Mountains, two-thirds of the Deccan peninsula and some parts of north east. These rocks have abundant metallic and non-metallic minerals such as iron, copper, manganese, bauxite, lead, zinc, gold, silver, tin, tungsten, mica, asbestos, graphite, etc. These are the oldest followed by Dharwar rocks. Tertiary rocks are the youngest.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Archean rock system in India.

• Archean rock system is the youngest of all the rock systems.

• It is found in Aravalli Mountains, Deccan peninsula and some parts of north east India.

• These rocks have abundant metallic and non-metallic minerals such as iron, copper and manganese.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is incorrect.

It is found in Aravali Mountains, two-thirds of the Deccan peninsula and some parts of north east.

These rocks have abundant metallic and non-metallic minerals such as iron, copper, manganese, bauxite, lead, zinc, gold, silver, tin, tungsten, mica, asbestos, graphite, etc.

These are the oldest followed by Dharwar rocks. Tertiary rocks are the youngest.

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is incorrect.

It is found in Aravali Mountains, two-thirds of the Deccan peninsula and some parts of north east.

These rocks have abundant metallic and non-metallic minerals such as iron, copper, manganese, bauxite, lead, zinc, gold, silver, tin, tungsten, mica, asbestos, graphite, etc.

These are the oldest followed by Dharwar rocks. Tertiary rocks are the youngest.

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Consider the following statements. Metallic minerals are generally found in igneous and metamorphic rock formations. Sedimentary rock formations and young fold mountains are known for containing non-metallic minerals. Which of the above statements is/are incorrect? a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: d) Generally, metallic minerals are found in igneous and metamorphic rock formations that form large plateaus. Iron-ore in north Sweden, copper and nickel deposits in Ontario, Canada, iron, nickel, chromites and platinum in South Africa are examples of minerals found in igneous and metamorphic rocks. Sedimentary rock formations of plains and young fold mountains contain non-metallic minerals like limestone. Limestone deposits of Caucasus region of France, manganese deposits of Georgia and Ukraine and phosphate beds of Algeria are some examples. Mineral fuels such as coal and petroleum are also found in the sedimentary strata. Incorrect Solution: d) Generally, metallic minerals are found in igneous and metamorphic rock formations that form large plateaus. Iron-ore in north Sweden, copper and nickel deposits in Ontario, Canada, iron, nickel, chromites and platinum in South Africa are examples of minerals found in igneous and metamorphic rocks. Sedimentary rock formations of plains and young fold mountains contain non-metallic minerals like limestone. Limestone deposits of Caucasus region of France, manganese deposits of Georgia and Ukraine and phosphate beds of Algeria are some examples. Mineral fuels such as coal and petroleum are also found in the sedimentary strata.

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements.

• Metallic minerals are generally found in igneous and metamorphic rock formations.

• Sedimentary rock formations and young fold mountains are known for containing non-metallic minerals.

Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?

• (b) 2 only

• (c) Both 1 and 2

• (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: d)

Generally, metallic minerals are found in igneous and metamorphic rock formations that form large plateaus. Iron-ore in north Sweden, copper and nickel deposits in Ontario, Canada, iron, nickel, chromites and platinum in South Africa are examples of minerals found in igneous and metamorphic rocks.

Sedimentary rock formations of plains and young fold mountains contain non-metallic minerals like limestone. Limestone deposits of Caucasus region of France, manganese deposits of Georgia and Ukraine and phosphate beds of Algeria are some examples. Mineral fuels such as coal and petroleum are also found in the sedimentary strata.

Solution: d)

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Consider the following statements. Collision junction between continental and continental crust often heats underground water resources. Geysers can be found in most of the continental and continental collision region. In hot springs, water comes out of Earth’s surface without any intense pressure. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 2 is incorrect. Collision junction between continental and continental crust often heats underground water resources. It is called as geothermal energy. Geothermal energy normally takes two forms: Geysers and Hot springs. In geysers, flow of hot water is obstructed by underground rock; so, due to intense pressure and heat, it gushes like a fountain. However, in hot springs, water comes out of Earth’s surface without any pressure. Geysers can be found only in a few regions of the world. e.g.: Hot geysers in Yellow stone national park, U.S.A. Hot springs can be found in most of the continental and continental collision region. e.g.: Manikaran in Parvati valley of Himalayas. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 2 is incorrect. Collision junction between continental and continental crust often heats underground water resources. It is called as geothermal energy. Geothermal energy normally takes two forms: Geysers and Hot springs. In geysers, flow of hot water is obstructed by underground rock; so, due to intense pressure and heat, it gushes like a fountain. However, in hot springs, water comes out of Earth’s surface without any pressure. Geysers can be found only in a few regions of the world. e.g.: Hot geysers in Yellow stone national park, U.S.A. Hot springs can be found in most of the continental and continental collision region. e.g.: Manikaran in Parvati valley of Himalayas.

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements.

• Collision junction between continental and continental crust often heats underground water resources.

• Geysers can be found in most of the continental and continental collision region.

• In hot springs, water comes out of Earth’s surface without any intense pressure.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 2 is incorrect.

Collision junction between continental and continental crust often heats underground water resources. It is called as geothermal energy.

Geothermal energy normally takes two forms: Geysers and Hot springs.

In geysers, flow of hot water is obstructed by underground rock; so, due to intense pressure and heat, it gushes like a fountain. However, in hot springs, water comes out of Earth’s surface without any pressure.

Geysers can be found only in a few regions of the world. e.g.: Hot geysers in Yellow stone national park, U.S.A.

Hot springs can be found in most of the continental and continental collision region. e.g.: Manikaran in Parvati valley of Himalayas.

Solution: b)

Statement 2 is incorrect.

Collision junction between continental and continental crust often heats underground water resources. It is called as geothermal energy.

Geothermal energy normally takes two forms: Geysers and Hot springs.

Geysers can be found only in a few regions of the world. e.g.: Hot geysers in Yellow stone national park, U.S.A.

Hot springs can be found in most of the continental and continental collision region. e.g.: Manikaran in Parvati valley of Himalayas.

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question The iron catastrophe was a postulated major event early in the history of Earth. It refers to a) Erosion of minerals from Earth’s crust due to solar winds b) Large-scale homogenisation of concentrated iron deposits due to repeated ice ages c) Sinking of iron to the centre of Earth, leading to an overall restructuring d) None of the above Correct Solution: c) The original accretion of Earth’s material into a spherical mass is thought to have resulted in a relatively uniform composition. While residual heat from the collision of the material that formed Earth was significant, heating from radioactive materials in this mass gradually increased the temperature until a critical condition was reached. As material became molten enough to allow movement, the denser iron and nickel, evenly distributed throughout the mass, began to migrate to the centre of the planet to form the core. Proceeding slowly at first, it sped up to catastrophic proportions – hence it is called the iron catastrophe. It was the iron catastrophe that set up the overall structure of Earth. Incorrect Solution: c) The original accretion of Earth’s material into a spherical mass is thought to have resulted in a relatively uniform composition. While residual heat from the collision of the material that formed Earth was significant, heating from radioactive materials in this mass gradually increased the temperature until a critical condition was reached. As material became molten enough to allow movement, the denser iron and nickel, evenly distributed throughout the mass, began to migrate to the centre of the planet to form the core. Proceeding slowly at first, it sped up to catastrophic proportions – hence it is called the iron catastrophe. It was the iron catastrophe that set up the overall structure of Earth.

#### 5. Question

The iron catastrophe was a postulated major event early in the history of Earth. It refers to

• a) Erosion of minerals from Earth’s crust due to solar winds

• b) Large-scale homogenisation of concentrated iron deposits due to repeated ice ages

• c) Sinking of iron to the centre of Earth, leading to an overall restructuring

• d) None of the above

Solution: c)

The original accretion of Earth’s material into a spherical mass is thought to have resulted in a relatively uniform composition.

• While residual heat from the collision of the material that formed Earth was significant, heating from radioactive materials in this mass gradually increased the temperature until a critical condition was reached.

• As material became molten enough to allow movement, the denser iron and nickel, evenly distributed throughout the mass, began to migrate to the centre of the planet to form the core.

• Proceeding slowly at first, it sped up to catastrophic proportions – hence it is called the iron catastrophe.

• It was the iron catastrophe that set up the overall structure of Earth.

Solution: c)

The original accretion of Earth’s material into a spherical mass is thought to have resulted in a relatively uniform composition.

• As material became molten enough to allow movement, the denser iron and nickel, evenly distributed throughout the mass, began to migrate to the centre of the planet to form the core.

• Proceeding slowly at first, it sped up to catastrophic proportions – hence it is called the iron catastrophe.

• It was the iron catastrophe that set up the overall structure of Earth.

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