UPSC Static Quiz – Geography : 2 May 2025
Kartavya Desk Staff
UPSC Static Quiz – Geography : 2 May 2025 We will post 5 questions daily on static topics mentioned in the UPSC civil services preliminary examination syllabus. Each week will focus on a specific topic from the syllabus, such as History of India and Indian National Movement, Indian and World Geography, and more.We are excited to bring you our daily UPSC Static Quiz, designed to help you prepare for the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination. Each day, we will post 5 questions on static topics mentioned in the UPSC syllabus. This week, we are focusing on Indian and World Geography.
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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Consider the following statements regarding Droughts. Drought is the consequence of a natural reduction in the amount of precipitation over an extended period of time, usually a season or more in length. Drought is often associated with high winds, high temperatures and high relative humidity. Hydrological Drought occurs when available soil moisture is inadequate for healthy crop growth and cause extreme stress and wilting. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: a) Only statement 1 is correct. As defined by the IMD, drought is a consequence of the natural reduction in the amount of precipitation for a long period of time. Drought is often associated with other climatic factors like high winds and temperatures and low relative humidity. These factors can aggravate the severity of the drought event. What are the different types of drought? Meteorological Drought Hydrological Drought Agricultural Drought Socio-Economic Drought Agricultural Drought occurs when available soil moisture is inadequate for healthy crop growth and cause extreme stress and wilting. Incorrect Solution: a) Only statement 1 is correct. As defined by the IMD, drought is a consequence of the natural reduction in the amount of precipitation for a long period of time. Drought is often associated with other climatic factors like high winds and temperatures and low relative humidity. These factors can aggravate the severity of the drought event. What are the different types of drought? Meteorological Drought Hydrological Drought Agricultural Drought Socio-Economic Drought Agricultural Drought occurs when available soil moisture is inadequate for healthy crop growth and cause extreme stress and wilting.
#### 1. Question
Consider the following statements regarding Droughts.
• Drought is the consequence of a natural reduction in the amount of precipitation over an extended period of time, usually a season or more in length.
• Drought is often associated with high winds, high temperatures and high relative humidity.
• Hydrological Drought occurs when available soil moisture is inadequate for healthy crop growth and cause extreme stress and wilting.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?
• (a) Only one
• (b) Only two
• (c) All three
Solution: a)
Only statement 1 is correct.
As defined by the IMD, drought is a consequence of the natural reduction in the amount of precipitation for a long period of time.
Drought is often associated with other climatic factors like high winds and temperatures and low relative humidity. These factors can aggravate the severity of the drought event.
What are the different types of drought?
• Meteorological Drought
• Hydrological Drought
• Agricultural Drought
• Socio-Economic Drought
Agricultural Drought occurs when available soil moisture is inadequate for healthy crop growth and cause extreme stress and wilting.
Solution: a)
Only statement 1 is correct.
As defined by the IMD, drought is a consequence of the natural reduction in the amount of precipitation for a long period of time.
Drought is often associated with other climatic factors like high winds and temperatures and low relative humidity. These factors can aggravate the severity of the drought event.
What are the different types of drought?
• Meteorological Drought
• Hydrological Drought
• Agricultural Drought
• Socio-Economic Drought
Agricultural Drought occurs when available soil moisture is inadequate for healthy crop growth and cause extreme stress and wilting.
• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Consider the following statements about the Caucasus Mountain Range. The range runs between the Caspian Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. It harbors a biodiversity hotspot with endemic flora and fauna. The region is prone to seismic activity due to its tectonic setting. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect. The Caucasus lies between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, not the Mediterranean. Statement 2 is correct. The region is part of the Caucasus Biodiversity Hotspot, rich in endemic species, due to its climatic and altitudinal diversity. Statement 3 is correct. The Caucasus lies on the collision zone of the Eurasian and Arabian plates, making it earthquake-prone. Caucsus Mountain Spread over: Extends across Russia, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. Peak point: Mount Elbrus (5,642 meters), the highest peak in Europe. Rivers: Originates major rivers like the Terek, Kura, and Rioni. Significance: Geopolitical boundary between Europe and Asia. Biodiversity hotspot with unique flora and fauna. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect. The Caucasus lies between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, not the Mediterranean. Statement 2 is correct. The region is part of the Caucasus Biodiversity Hotspot, rich in endemic species, due to its climatic and altitudinal diversity. Statement 3 is correct. The Caucasus lies on the collision zone of the Eurasian and Arabian plates, making it earthquake-prone. Caucsus Mountain Spread over: Extends across Russia, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. Peak point: Mount Elbrus (5,642 meters), the highest peak in Europe. Rivers: Originates major rivers like the Terek, Kura, and Rioni. Significance: Geopolitical boundary between Europe and Asia. Biodiversity hotspot with unique flora and fauna.
#### 2. Question
Consider the following statements about the Caucasus Mountain Range.
• The range runs between the Caspian Sea and the Mediterranean Sea.
• It harbors a biodiversity hotspot with endemic flora and fauna.
• The region is prone to seismic activity due to its tectonic setting.
How many of the above statements is/are correct?
• (a) Only one
• (b) Only two
• (c) All three
Solution: b)
• Statement 1 is incorrect. The Caucasus lies between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, not the Mediterranean.
• Statement 2 is correct. The region is part of the Caucasus Biodiversity Hotspot, rich in endemic species, due to its climatic and altitudinal diversity.
• Statement 3 is correct. The Caucasus lies on the collision zone of the Eurasian and Arabian plates, making it earthquake-prone.
Caucsus Mountain
• Spread over: Extends across Russia, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan.
• Peak point: Mount Elbrus (5,642 meters), the highest peak in Europe.
• Rivers: Originates major rivers like the Terek, Kura, and Rioni.
Significance:
• Geopolitical boundary between Europe and Asia.
• Biodiversity hotspot with unique flora and fauna.
Solution: b)
• Statement 1 is incorrect. The Caucasus lies between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, not the Mediterranean.
• Statement 2 is correct. The region is part of the Caucasus Biodiversity Hotspot, rich in endemic species, due to its climatic and altitudinal diversity.
• Statement 3 is correct. The Caucasus lies on the collision zone of the Eurasian and Arabian plates, making it earthquake-prone.
Caucsus Mountain
• Spread over: Extends across Russia, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan.
• Peak point: Mount Elbrus (5,642 meters), the highest peak in Europe.
• Rivers: Originates major rivers like the Terek, Kura, and Rioni.
Significance:
• Geopolitical boundary between Europe and Asia.
• Biodiversity hotspot with unique flora and fauna.
• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Which of the following features makes Mount Erebus unique among Earth’s active volcanoes? a) It is the only shield volcano found in the Southern Hemisphere. b) It is the northernmost stratovolcano with basaltic eruptions. c) It hosts a persistent lava lake in a polar environment and emits microscopic gold crystals. d) It is the only volcano located above sea level in the Indian Ocean. Correct Solution: c) Mount Erebus is globally unique as the southernmost active volcano, situated on Ross Island, Antarctica. It is one of only a handful of volcanoes with a persistent lava lake, and notably, the lava lake has been active since at least 1972. Additionally, Erebus emits microscopic gold crystals in volcanic gases—a rare geochemical phenomenon. Option a is incorrect—Erebus is a stratovolcano, not a shield volcano. Option b is incorrect—Erebus is located in the Southern Hemisphere, not the north Option d is factually unrelated to Erebus, which lies in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, not the Indian Ocean. Mount Erebus in Antarctica, the southernmost active volcano, stands out by not only being active in the extreme cold but also emitting micro-crystals of gold. About Mount Erebus: Location: Ross Island, Antarctica; southernmost active volcano on Earth. Volcano type: Stratovolcano, characterized by a conical shape formed from layers of lava and ash. Discovery: Discovered in 1841 by British explorer Sir James Clark Ross, named after his ship HMS Erebus. Lava lake: Known for its persistent lava lake, active since at least 1972, one of the few long-lived lava lakes globally. Eruptions: Features Strombolian eruptions, with occasional ejection of molten lava bombs. Proximity to research stations: Monitored closely due to its proximity (40 km) to McMurdo Station (U.S.) and Scott Base (New Zealand). Incorrect Solution: c) Mount Erebus is globally unique as the southernmost active volcano, situated on Ross Island, Antarctica. It is one of only a handful of volcanoes with a persistent lava lake, and notably, the lava lake has been active since at least 1972. Additionally, Erebus emits microscopic gold crystals in volcanic gases—a rare geochemical phenomenon. Option a is incorrect—Erebus is a stratovolcano, not a shield volcano. Option b is incorrect—Erebus is located in the Southern Hemisphere, not the north Option d is factually unrelated to Erebus, which lies in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, not the Indian Ocean. Mount Erebus in Antarctica, the southernmost active volcano, stands out by not only being active in the extreme cold but also emitting micro-crystals of gold. About Mount Erebus: Location: Ross Island, Antarctica; southernmost active volcano on Earth. Volcano type: Stratovolcano, characterized by a conical shape formed from layers of lava and ash. Discovery: Discovered in 1841 by British explorer Sir James Clark Ross, named after his ship HMS Erebus. Lava lake: Known for its persistent lava lake, active since at least 1972, one of the few long-lived lava lakes globally. Eruptions: Features Strombolian eruptions, with occasional ejection of molten lava bombs. Proximity to research stations: Monitored closely due to its proximity (40 km) to McMurdo Station (U.S.) and Scott Base (New Zealand).
#### 3. Question
Which of the following features makes Mount Erebus unique among Earth’s active volcanoes?
• a) It is the only shield volcano found in the Southern Hemisphere.
• b) It is the northernmost stratovolcano with basaltic eruptions.
• c) It hosts a persistent lava lake in a polar environment and emits microscopic gold crystals.
• d) It is the only volcano located above sea level in the Indian Ocean.
Solution: c)
• Mount Erebus is globally unique as the southernmost active volcano, situated on Ross Island, Antarctica. It is one of only a handful of volcanoes with a persistent lava lake, and notably, the lava lake has been active since at least 1972. Additionally, Erebus emits microscopic gold crystals in volcanic gases—a rare geochemical phenomenon.
• Option a is incorrect—Erebus is a stratovolcano, not a shield volcano.
• Option b is incorrect—Erebus is located in the Southern Hemisphere, not the north
• Option d is factually unrelated to Erebus, which lies in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, not the Indian Ocean.
Mount Erebus in Antarctica, the southernmost active volcano, stands out by not only being active in the extreme cold but also emitting micro-crystals of gold.
About Mount Erebus:
• Location: Ross Island, Antarctica; southernmost active volcano on Earth.
• Volcano type: Stratovolcano, characterized by a conical shape formed from layers of lava and ash.
• Discovery: Discovered in 1841 by British explorer Sir James Clark Ross, named after his ship HMS Erebus.
• Lava lake: Known for its persistent lava lake, active since at least 1972, one of the few long-lived lava lakes globally.
• Eruptions: Features Strombolian eruptions, with occasional ejection of molten lava bombs.
• Proximity to research stations: Monitored closely due to its proximity (40 km) to McMurdo Station (U.S.) and Scott Base (New Zealand).
Solution: c)
• Mount Erebus is globally unique as the southernmost active volcano, situated on Ross Island, Antarctica. It is one of only a handful of volcanoes with a persistent lava lake, and notably, the lava lake has been active since at least 1972. Additionally, Erebus emits microscopic gold crystals in volcanic gases—a rare geochemical phenomenon.
• Option a is incorrect—Erebus is a stratovolcano, not a shield volcano.
• Option b is incorrect—Erebus is located in the Southern Hemisphere, not the north
• Option d is factually unrelated to Erebus, which lies in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, not the Indian Ocean.
Mount Erebus in Antarctica, the southernmost active volcano, stands out by not only being active in the extreme cold but also emitting micro-crystals of gold.
About Mount Erebus:
• Location: Ross Island, Antarctica; southernmost active volcano on Earth.
• Volcano type: Stratovolcano, characterized by a conical shape formed from layers of lava and ash.
• Discovery: Discovered in 1841 by British explorer Sir James Clark Ross, named after his ship HMS Erebus.
• Lava lake: Known for its persistent lava lake, active since at least 1972, one of the few long-lived lava lakes globally.
• Eruptions: Features Strombolian eruptions, with occasional ejection of molten lava bombs.
• Proximity to research stations: Monitored closely due to its proximity (40 km) to McMurdo Station (U.S.) and Scott Base (New Zealand).
• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Match the volcanic feature with its characteristic in Kīlauea Volcano: Feature Description A. Shield volcano 1. Sites of lateral magma intrusion and fissure eruptions B. Rift zones 2. Depression formed by summit collapse post-eruption C. Caldera 3. Broad, gentle slopes with low-viscosity lava flows Select the correct code: (a) A-1, B-2, C-3 (b) A-3, B-2, C-1 (c) A-1, B-3, C-2 (d) A-3, B-1, C-2 Correct Solution: d) A-3: Shield volcanoes like Kīlauea have broad, sloping sides due to fluid basaltic lava. B-1: Its rift zones are areas of magma movement and frequent fissure eruptions. C-2: Its summit caldera is a collapse feature following magma drainage. Kilauea Volcano Location: Situated on the southeastern shore of Hawaii’s Big Island, within Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Type of Volcano: An active shield volcano, characterized by its broad, sloping profile and fluid lava flows. Geographic Formation: Part of the Hawaiian hotspot and the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain, Kilauea is the second-youngest volcanic product of this hotspot. Features a large caldera at the summit and two active rift zones. Incorrect Solution: d) A-3: Shield volcanoes like Kīlauea have broad, sloping sides due to fluid basaltic lava. B-1: Its rift zones are areas of magma movement and frequent fissure eruptions. C-2: Its summit caldera is a collapse feature following magma drainage. Kilauea Volcano Location: Situated on the southeastern shore of Hawaii’s Big Island, within Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Type of Volcano: An active shield volcano, characterized by its broad, sloping profile and fluid lava flows. Geographic Formation: Part of the Hawaiian hotspot and the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain, Kilauea is the second-youngest volcanic product of this hotspot. Features a large caldera at the summit and two active rift zones.
#### 4. Question
Match the volcanic feature with its characteristic in Kīlauea Volcano:
Feature | Description
A. Shield volcano | 1. Sites of lateral magma intrusion and fissure eruptions
B. Rift zones | 2. Depression formed by summit collapse post-eruption
C. Caldera | 3. Broad, gentle slopes with low-viscosity lava flows
Select the correct code:
• (a) A-1, B-2, C-3
• (b) A-3, B-2, C-1
• (c) A-1, B-3, C-2
• (d) A-3, B-1, C-2
Solution: d)
• A-3: Shield volcanoes like Kīlauea have broad, sloping sides due to fluid basaltic lava.
• B-1: Its rift zones are areas of magma movement and frequent fissure eruptions.
• C-2: Its summit caldera is a collapse feature following magma drainage.
Kilauea Volcano
• Location: Situated on the southeastern shore of Hawaii’s Big Island, within Hawaii Volcanoes National Park.
• Type of Volcano: An active shield volcano, characterized by its broad, sloping profile and fluid lava flows.
• Geographic Formation: Part of the Hawaiian hotspot and the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain, Kilauea is the second-youngest volcanic product of this hotspot. Features a large caldera at the summit and two active rift zones.
• Features a large caldera at the summit and two active rift zones.
Solution: d)
• A-3: Shield volcanoes like Kīlauea have broad, sloping sides due to fluid basaltic lava.
• B-1: Its rift zones are areas of magma movement and frequent fissure eruptions.
• C-2: Its summit caldera is a collapse feature following magma drainage.
Kilauea Volcano
• Location: Situated on the southeastern shore of Hawaii’s Big Island, within Hawaii Volcanoes National Park.
• Type of Volcano: An active shield volcano, characterized by its broad, sloping profile and fluid lava flows.
• Geographic Formation: Part of the Hawaiian hotspot and the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain, Kilauea is the second-youngest volcanic product of this hotspot. Features a large caldera at the summit and two active rift zones.
• Features a large caldera at the summit and two active rift zones.
• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Consider the following rivers with their respective source glaciers: River Source Glacier A. Shyok 1. Rimo Glacier B. Nubra 2. Siachen Glacier C. Zanskar 3. Drang-Drung Glacier How many of the above are correctly matched? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: c) The Shyok River originates from the Rimo Glacier, a branch of the Karakoram. The Nubra River, a major tributary of Shyok, originates from the Siachen Glacier, the highest battlefield in the world. The Zanskar River, a major tributary of the Indus, originates from the Drang-Drung Glacier in the Zanskar region of Ladakh. Incorrect Solution: c) The Shyok River originates from the Rimo Glacier, a branch of the Karakoram. The Nubra River, a major tributary of Shyok, originates from the Siachen Glacier, the highest battlefield in the world. The Zanskar River, a major tributary of the Indus, originates from the Drang-Drung Glacier in the Zanskar region of Ladakh.
#### 5. Question
Consider the following rivers with their respective source glaciers:
River | Source Glacier
A. Shyok | 1. Rimo Glacier
B. Nubra | 2. Siachen Glacier
C. Zanskar | 3. Drang-Drung Glacier
How many of the above are correctly matched?
• (a) Only one
• (b) Only two
• (c) All three
Solution: c)
• The Shyok River originates from the Rimo Glacier, a branch of the Karakoram.
• The Nubra River, a major tributary of Shyok, originates from the Siachen Glacier, the highest battlefield in the world.
• The Zanskar River, a major tributary of the Indus, originates from the Drang-Drung Glacier in the Zanskar region of Ladakh.
Solution: c)
• The Shyok River originates from the Rimo Glacier, a branch of the Karakoram.
• The Nubra River, a major tributary of Shyok, originates from the Siachen Glacier, the highest battlefield in the world.
• The Zanskar River, a major tributary of the Indus, originates from the Drang-Drung Glacier in the Zanskar region of Ladakh.
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