UPSC Static Quiz – Geography : 11 October 2024

UPSC Static Quiz – Geography : 11 October 2024 We will post 5 questions daily on static topics mentioned in the UPSC civil services preliminary examination syllabus. Each week will focus on a specific topic from the syllabus, such as History of India and Indian National Movement, Indian and World Geography, and more.We are excited to bring you our daily UPSC Static Quiz, designed to help you prepare for the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination. Each day, we will post 5 questions on static topics mentioned in the UPSC syllabus. This week, we are focusing on Indian and World Geography.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Consider the following statements regarding Shield volcanoes. The shield volcanoes are the largest of all the volcanoes on the earth. The Hawaiian volcanoes are the examples of Shield volcanoes. These volcanoes are very steep in nature. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: a) Only Statement 2 is correct. Shield Volcanoes: Barring the basalt flows, the shield volcanoes are the largest of all the volcanoes on the earth. The Hawaiian volcanoes are the most famous examples. These volcanoes are mostly made up of basalt, a type of lava that is very fluid when erupted. For this reason, these volcanoes are not steep. They become explosive if somehow water gets into the vent; otherwise, they are characterised by low-explosivity. Incorrect Solution: a) Only Statement 2 is correct. Shield Volcanoes: Barring the basalt flows, the shield volcanoes are the largest of all the volcanoes on the earth. The Hawaiian volcanoes are the most famous examples. These volcanoes are mostly made up of basalt, a type of lava that is very fluid when erupted. For this reason, these volcanoes are not steep. They become explosive if somehow water gets into the vent; otherwise, they are characterised by low-explosivity.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Shield volcanoes.

• The shield volcanoes are the largest of all the volcanoes on the earth.

• The Hawaiian volcanoes are the examples of Shield volcanoes.

• These volcanoes are very steep in nature.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: a)

Only Statement 2 is correct.

Shield Volcanoes:

Barring the basalt flows, the shield volcanoes are the largest of all the volcanoes on the earth. The Hawaiian volcanoes are the most famous examples. These volcanoes are mostly made up of basalt, a type of lava that is very fluid when erupted. For this reason, these volcanoes are not steep. They become explosive if somehow water gets into the vent; otherwise, they are characterised by low-explosivity.

Solution: a)

Only Statement 2 is correct.

Shield Volcanoes:

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Consider the following statements. In an Earthquake, greatest damage usually occurs closest to the epicentre and the strength of the earthquake decreases away from the centre. The velocity of earthquake waves remains constant as they travel through materials with different densities. Which of the above statements is/are incorrect? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: b) When the Lithospheric plates move, the surface of the earth vibrates. The vibrations can travel all-round the earth. These vibrations are called earthquakes. The place in the crust where the movement starts is called the focus. The place on the surface above the focus is called the epicentre. Vibrations travel outwards from the epicentre as waves. Greatest damage is usually closest to the epicentre and the strength of the earthquake decreases away from the centre. The velocity of earthquake waves changes as they travel through materials with different densities. The denser the material, the higher is the velocity. Their direction also changes as they reflect or refract when coming across materials with different densities. Incorrect Solution: b) When the Lithospheric plates move, the surface of the earth vibrates. The vibrations can travel all-round the earth. These vibrations are called earthquakes. The place in the crust where the movement starts is called the focus. The place on the surface above the focus is called the epicentre. Vibrations travel outwards from the epicentre as waves. Greatest damage is usually closest to the epicentre and the strength of the earthquake decreases away from the centre. The velocity of earthquake waves changes as they travel through materials with different densities. The denser the material, the higher is the velocity. Their direction also changes as they reflect or refract when coming across materials with different densities.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements.

• In an Earthquake, greatest damage usually occurs closest to the epicentre and the strength of the earthquake decreases away from the centre.

• The velocity of earthquake waves remains constant as they travel through materials with different densities.

Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?

• c) Both 1 and 2

• d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: b)

When the Lithospheric plates move, the surface of the earth vibrates. The vibrations can travel all-round the earth. These vibrations are called earthquakes. The place in the crust where the movement starts is called the focus. The place on the surface above the focus is called the epicentre. Vibrations travel outwards from the epicentre as waves. Greatest damage is usually closest to the epicentre and the strength of the earthquake decreases away from the centre.

The velocity of earthquake waves changes as they travel through materials with different densities. The denser the material, the higher is the velocity. Their direction also changes as they reflect or refract when coming across materials with different densities.

Solution: b)

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Which of the following are the reasons that can be attributed to the frequent landslides and debris avalanches in Himalayan region? The Himalayas are tectonically stable. They are mostly made up of sedimentary rocks and unconsolidated deposits. The slopes are very steep. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect. The reasons that can be attributed to the frequent landslides and debris avalanches in Himalayan region are (i) The Himalayas are tectonically active. Thus, tectonically unstable. (ii) They are mostly made up of sedimentary rocks and unconsolidated and semi-consolidated deposits. (iii) The slopes are very steep. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect. The reasons that can be attributed to the frequent landslides and debris avalanches in Himalayan region are (i) The Himalayas are tectonically active. Thus, tectonically unstable. (ii) They are mostly made up of sedimentary rocks and unconsolidated and semi-consolidated deposits. (iii) The slopes are very steep.

#### 3. Question

Which of the following are the reasons that can be attributed to the frequent landslides and debris avalanches in Himalayan region?

• The Himalayas are tectonically stable.

• They are mostly made up of sedimentary rocks and unconsolidated deposits.

• The slopes are very steep.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is incorrect.

The reasons that can be attributed to the frequent landslides and debris avalanches in Himalayan region are

(i) The Himalayas are tectonically active. Thus, tectonically unstable.

(ii) They are mostly made up of sedimentary rocks and unconsolidated and semi-consolidated deposits.

(iii) The slopes are very steep.

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is incorrect.

The reasons that can be attributed to the frequent landslides and debris avalanches in Himalayan region are

(i) The Himalayas are tectonically active. Thus, tectonically unstable.

(ii) They are mostly made up of sedimentary rocks and unconsolidated and semi-consolidated deposits.

(iii) The slopes are very steep.

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Consider the following statements regarding Earthquake Waves. P-waves move faster than S-waves. P-waves travel only through solid medium whereas S-waves travel through both solid and liquid medium. The surface waves are more destructive than body waves. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect. Earthquake waves are basically of two types — body waves and surface waves. Body waves are generated due to the release of energy at the focus and move in all directions travelling through the body of the earth. There are two types of body waves. They are called P and S-waves. P-waves move faster and are the first to arrive at the surface. These are also called ‘primary waves’. The P-waves are similar to sound waves. They travel through gaseous, liquid and solid materials. S-waves arrive at the surface with some time lag. These are called secondary waves. An important fact about S-waves is that they can travel only through solid materials. The surface waves are the last to report on seismograph. These waves are more destructive. They cause displacement of rocks, and hence, the collapse of structures occurs. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect. Earthquake waves are basically of two types — body waves and surface waves. Body waves are generated due to the release of energy at the focus and move in all directions travelling through the body of the earth. There are two types of body waves. They are called P and S-waves. P-waves move faster and are the first to arrive at the surface. These are also called ‘primary waves’. The P-waves are similar to sound waves. They travel through gaseous, liquid and solid materials. S-waves arrive at the surface with some time lag. These are called secondary waves. An important fact about S-waves is that they can travel only through solid materials. The surface waves are the last to report on seismograph. These waves are more destructive. They cause displacement of rocks, and hence, the collapse of structures occurs.

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Earthquake Waves.

• P-waves move faster than S-waves.

• P-waves travel only through solid medium whereas S-waves travel through both solid and liquid medium.

• The surface waves are more destructive than body waves.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is incorrect.

Earthquake waves are basically of two types — body waves and surface waves. Body waves are generated due to the release of energy at the focus and move in all directions travelling through the body of the earth.

There are two types of body waves. They are called P and S-waves. P-waves move faster and are the first to arrive at the surface. These are also called ‘primary waves’. The P-waves are similar to sound waves. They travel through gaseous, liquid and solid materials. S-waves arrive at the surface with some time lag. These are called secondary waves. An important fact about S-waves is that they can travel only through solid materials.

The surface waves are the last to report on seismograph. These waves are more destructive. They cause displacement of rocks, and hence, the collapse of structures occurs.

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is incorrect.

The surface waves are the last to report on seismograph. These waves are more destructive. They cause displacement of rocks, and hence, the collapse of structures occurs.

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Consider the following statements. A fault is a place with a long break in the rock that forms the surface of the earth. When an earthquake occurs on one of the faults, the rock on one side of the fault slips with respect to the other. Indonesia is not located on the fault lines in the Pacific Basin. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 3 is incorrect. A fault is a place with a long break in the rock that forms the surface of the earth. When an earthquake occurs on one of these faults, the rock on one side of the fault slips with respect to the other. Does Indonesia usually have earthquakes like this? The country of more than 270 million people is frequently struck by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and tsunamis because of its location on the arc of volcanoes and fault lines in the Pacific Basin known as the “Ring of Fire.” The area spans some 40,000 kilometers (25,000 miles) and is where a majority of the world’s earthquakes occur. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 3 is incorrect. A fault is a place with a long break in the rock that forms the surface of the earth. When an earthquake occurs on one of these faults, the rock on one side of the fault slips with respect to the other. Does Indonesia usually have earthquakes like this? The country of more than 270 million people is frequently struck by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and tsunamis because of its location on the arc of volcanoes and fault lines in the Pacific Basin known as the “Ring of Fire.” The area spans some 40,000 kilometers (25,000 miles) and is where a majority of the world’s earthquakes occur.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements.

• A fault is a place with a long break in the rock that forms the surface of the earth.

• When an earthquake occurs on one of the faults, the rock on one side of the fault slips with respect to the other.

• Indonesia is not located on the fault lines in the Pacific Basin.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 3 is incorrect.

A fault is a place with a long break in the rock that forms the surface of the earth. When an earthquake occurs on one of these faults, the rock on one side of the fault slips with respect to the other.

Does Indonesia usually have earthquakes like this?

The country of more than 270 million people is frequently struck by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and tsunamis because of its location on the arc of volcanoes and fault lines in the Pacific Basin known as the “Ring of Fire.” The area spans some 40,000 kilometers (25,000 miles) and is where a majority of the world’s earthquakes occur.

Solution: b)

Statement 3 is incorrect.

Does Indonesia usually have earthquakes like this?

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