UPSC STATIC QUIZ – Geography : 1 May 2024

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We will post 5 questions daily on static topics mentioned in the UPSC civil services preliminary examination syllabus. Each week will focus on a specific topic from the syllabus, such as History of India and Indian National Movement, Indian and World Geography, and more.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Sea water temperature is relatively higher in northern hemisphere as compared to southern hemisphere, because a) Ocean currents are strong in northern hemisphere which maintain high temperature compared to southern hemisphere. b) Ocean in northern hemisphere receive more heat due to their contact with larger extent of land than the oceans in the southern hemisphere. c) Northern hemisphere receives high insolation as compared to southern hemisphere due to tilting of earth. d) Ocean salinity is higher in Northern hemisphere than southern hemisphere. Correct Solution: b) The temperature of ocean water varies in the northern and the southern hemispheres because of dominance of land in the northern hemisphere and water in the southern hemisphere. *The oceans in the northern hemisphere receive more heat due to their contact with larger extent of land than their counterparts in the southern hemisphere and thus the temperature of surface water is comparatively higher in the northern hemisphere than the southern hemisphere. Incorrect Solution: b) The temperature of ocean water varies in the northern and the southern hemispheres because of dominance of land in the northern hemisphere and water in the southern hemisphere. The oceans in the northern hemisphere receive more heat due to their contact with larger extent of land* than their counterparts in the southern hemisphere and thus the temperature of surface water is comparatively higher in the northern hemisphere than the southern hemisphere.

#### 1. Question

Sea water temperature is relatively higher in northern hemisphere as compared to southern hemisphere, because

• a) Ocean currents are strong in northern hemisphere which maintain high temperature compared to southern hemisphere.

• b) Ocean in northern hemisphere receive more heat due to their contact with larger extent of land than the oceans in the southern hemisphere.

• c) Northern hemisphere receives high insolation as compared to southern hemisphere due to tilting of earth.

• d) Ocean salinity is higher in Northern hemisphere than southern hemisphere.

Solution: b)

The temperature of ocean water varies in the northern and the southern hemispheres because of dominance of land in the northern hemisphere and water in the southern hemisphere.

*The oceans in the northern hemisphere receive more heat due to their contact with larger extent of land* than their counterparts in the southern hemisphere and thus the temperature of surface water is comparatively higher in the northern hemisphere than the southern hemisphere.

Solution: b)

The temperature of ocean water varies in the northern and the southern hemispheres because of dominance of land in the northern hemisphere and water in the southern hemisphere.

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Consider the following pairs: Ocean Current Region Oyashio Indian Ocean Benguela North Atlantic Ocean Peruvian Pacific Ocean Which of the above is correctly matched? a) 1, 2 b) 2 only c) 3 only d) None Correct Solution: c) Oyashio current – Pacific Ocean Benguela current – South Atlantic Ocean Incorrect Solution: c) Oyashio current – Pacific Ocean Benguela current – South Atlantic Ocean

#### 2. Question

Consider the following pairs:

Ocean Current Region

• Oyashio Indian Ocean

• Benguela North Atlantic Ocean

• Peruvian Pacific Ocean

Which of the above is correctly matched?

Solution: c)

• Oyashio current – Pacific Ocean

• Benguela current – South Atlantic Ocean

Solution: c)

• Oyashio current – Pacific Ocean

• Benguela current – South Atlantic Ocean

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Consider the following statements about ocean salinity. In oceans, sodium chloride alone constitutes 95% of ocean salts. The salinity of water in the surface layer of oceans depend both on evaporation and precipitation. Ocean currents do not cause salinity variations. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: a) Only Statement 2 is correct. Factors affecting ocean salinity are mentioned below: The salinity of water in the surface layer of oceans depend mainly on evaporation and precipitation. Surface salinity is greatly influenced in coastal regions by the fresh water flow from rivers, and in polar regions by the processes of freezing and thawing of ice. Wind, also influences salinity of an area by transferring water to other areas. The ocean currents contribute to the salinity variations. Salinity, temperature and density of water are interrelated. Hence, any change in the temperature or density influences the salinity of water in an area. Sodium chloride constitutes around 77.7% of ocean salts. Incorrect Solution: a) Only Statement 2 is correct. Factors affecting ocean salinity are mentioned below: The salinity of water in the surface layer of oceans depend mainly on evaporation and precipitation. Surface salinity is greatly influenced in coastal regions by the fresh water flow from rivers, and in polar regions by the processes of freezing and thawing of ice. Wind, also influences salinity of an area by transferring water to other areas. The ocean currents contribute to the salinity variations. Salinity, temperature and density of water are interrelated. Hence, any change in the temperature or density influences the salinity of water in an area. Sodium chloride constitutes around 77.7% of ocean salts.

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements about ocean salinity.

• In oceans, sodium chloride alone constitutes 95% of ocean salts.

• The salinity of water in the surface layer of oceans depend both on evaporation and precipitation.

• Ocean currents do not cause salinity variations.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: a)

Only Statement 2 is correct.

Factors affecting ocean salinity are mentioned below:

• The salinity of water in the surface layer of oceans depend mainly on evaporation and precipitation.

• Surface salinity is greatly influenced in coastal regions by the fresh water flow from rivers, and in polar regions by the processes of freezing and thawing of ice.

• Wind, also influences salinity of an area by transferring water to other areas.

• The ocean currents contribute to the salinity variations. Salinity, temperature and density of water are interrelated. Hence, any change in the temperature or density influences the salinity of water in an area.

• Sodium chloride constitutes around 77.7% of ocean salts.

Solution: a)

Only Statement 2 is correct.

Factors affecting ocean salinity are mentioned below:

• The salinity of water in the surface layer of oceans depend mainly on evaporation and precipitation.

• Surface salinity is greatly influenced in coastal regions by the fresh water flow from rivers, and in polar regions by the processes of freezing and thawing of ice.

• Wind, also influences salinity of an area by transferring water to other areas.

• Sodium chloride constitutes around 77.7% of ocean salts.

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question If you keep walking on the Mediterranean coast, starting from the coast of Egypt towards middle-east, you are likely to touch the coast of which of these countries en route? Iraq Lebanon Syria Israel Turkey Select the correct answer code: a) 1, 2, 3 b) 1, 2, 4 c) 2, 3, 4, 5 d) 1, 3, 4, 5 Correct Solution: c) Incorrect Solution: c)

#### 4. Question

If you keep walking on the Mediterranean coast, starting from the coast of Egypt towards middle-east, you are likely to touch the coast of which of these countries en route?

Select the correct answer code:

• a) 1, 2, 3

• b) 1, 2, 4

• c) 2, 3, 4, 5

• d) 1, 3, 4, 5

Solution: c)

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Consider the following statements: Equatorial oceanic waters have lower salinity than average salinity of the oceans because of heavy daily rainfall and high relative humidity. The temperature of the oceans varies vertically with increasing depth. The ocean currents move in anti-clockwise direction in the northern hemisphere. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 3 is incorrect. On an average, salinity decreases from equator towards the poles. It may be mentioned that the highest salinity is seldom recorded near the equator though this zone records high temperature and evaporation, but high rainfall reduces the relative proportion of salt. Thus, the equator accounts for only 350/00 salinity. The temperature of the oceans varies vertically with increasing depth. Refer the graph on temperature and depth. The ocean currents move in clockwise direction in the northern hemisphere. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 3 is incorrect. On an average, salinity decreases from equator towards the poles. It may be mentioned that the highest salinity is seldom recorded near the equator though this zone records high temperature and evaporation, but high rainfall reduces the relative proportion of salt. Thus, the equator accounts for only 350/00 salinity. The temperature of the oceans varies vertically with increasing depth. Refer the graph on temperature and depth. The ocean currents move in clockwise direction in the northern hemisphere.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements:

• Equatorial oceanic waters have lower salinity than average salinity of the oceans because of heavy daily rainfall and high relative humidity.

• The temperature of the oceans varies vertically with increasing depth.

• The ocean currents move in anti-clockwise direction in the northern hemisphere.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 3 is incorrect.

On an average, salinity decreases from equator towards the poles. It may be mentioned that the highest salinity is seldom recorded near the equator though this zone records high temperature and evaporation, but high rainfall reduces the relative proportion of salt. Thus, the equator accounts for only 350/00 salinity.

The temperature of the oceans varies vertically with increasing depth. Refer the graph on temperature and depth.

The ocean currents move in clockwise direction in the northern hemisphere.

Solution: b)

Statement 3 is incorrect.

The temperature of the oceans varies vertically with increasing depth. Refer the graph on temperature and depth.

The ocean currents move in clockwise direction in the northern hemisphere.

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