UPSC Static Quiz – Geography : 1 August 2024

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Consider the following statements. A solar eclipse occurs when the Sun is positioned in between the Moon and the Earth for a few minutes. A partial or a total solar eclipse depends on how much portion of the Sun’s disc gets hidden by the Moon. The safest way to view the solar eclipse is by projecting the Sun’s disc onto a white paper, by using a telescope. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 1, 2 b) 1, 3 c) 2, 3 d) 1, 2, 3 Correct Solution: c) A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon is positioned in between the Sun and the Earth for a few minutes. Under certain-alignment, the Moon partially or fully blocks the Sun’s light and instead casts its shadow on Earth. That is why, there can be a partial or a total solar eclipse, depending on how much portion of the Sun’s disc gets hidden by the Moon. Use of certified solar filters or eclipse goggles are recommended while viewing the Sun during the eclipse. Experts warn against looking at the Sun with naked eyes, or through binoculars or telescopes without filters, as this can prove harmful to one’s vision. The safest way to view the eclipse is by indirect projection method, which can be easily done by projecting the Sun’s disc onto a white paper, either using a telescope or a pin-hole camera. Incorrect Solution: c) A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon is positioned in between the Sun and the Earth for a few minutes. Under certain-alignment, the Moon partially or fully blocks the Sun’s light and instead casts its shadow on Earth. That is why, there can be a partial or a total solar eclipse, depending on how much portion of the Sun’s disc gets hidden by the Moon. Use of certified solar filters or eclipse goggles are recommended while viewing the Sun during the eclipse. Experts warn against looking at the Sun with naked eyes, or through binoculars or telescopes without filters, as this can prove harmful to one’s vision. The safest way to view the eclipse is by indirect projection method, which can be easily done by projecting the Sun’s disc onto a white paper, either using a telescope or a pin-hole camera.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements.

• A solar eclipse occurs when the Sun is positioned in between the Moon and the Earth for a few minutes.

• A partial or a total solar eclipse depends on how much portion of the Sun’s disc gets hidden by the Moon.

• The safest way to view the solar eclipse is by projecting the Sun’s disc onto a white paper, by using a telescope.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• d) 1, 2, 3

Solution: c)

A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon is positioned in between the Sun and the Earth for a few minutes. Under certain-alignment, the Moon partially or fully blocks the Sun’s light and instead casts its shadow on Earth. That is why, there can be a partial or a total solar eclipse, depending on how much portion of the Sun’s disc gets hidden by the Moon.

Use of certified solar filters or eclipse goggles are recommended while viewing the Sun during the eclipse.

Experts warn against looking at the Sun with naked eyes, or through binoculars or telescopes without filters, as this can prove harmful to one’s vision. The safest way to view the eclipse is by indirect projection method, which can be easily done by projecting the Sun’s disc onto a white paper, either using a telescope or a pin-hole camera.

Solution: c)

Use of certified solar filters or eclipse goggles are recommended while viewing the Sun during the eclipse.

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Consider the following statements. Shallow earthquakes are generally less devastating compared to deeper earthquakes, because Shallow earthquakes carry less energy when they emerge on the surface. The seismic waves of deeper earth quakes usually move slowly upwards to the surface. The earthquake magnitude scale gives a measure of the energy released by the seismic waves. Which of the above statement sis/are correct? a) 1, 2 b) 3 only c) 2, 3 d) 1, 2, 3 Correct Solution: b) Shallow earthquakes are generally more devastating because they carry greater energy when they emerge on the surface. Deeper earthquakes lose much of their energy by the time they come to the surface. The deeper quakes spread farther — the seismic waves move radially upwards to the surface — even as they lose energy while travelling greater distances, and hence cause less damage. The earthquake magnitude scale gives a measure of the energy released, although the reading in itself is not of energy. Rather, it takes into account amplitude or ‘size’ of the seismic waves released, and variations in distance between various seismographs and the earthquake epicentre. Thus, it is a dimensionless number — with no physical units. Incorrect Solution: b) Shallow earthquakes are generally more devastating because they carry greater energy when they emerge on the surface. Deeper earthquakes lose much of their energy by the time they come to the surface. The deeper quakes spread farther — the seismic waves move radially upwards to the surface — even as they lose energy while travelling greater distances, and hence cause less damage. The earthquake magnitude scale gives a measure of the energy released, although the reading in itself is not of energy. Rather, it takes into account amplitude or ‘size’ of the seismic waves released, and variations in distance between various seismographs and the earthquake epicentre. Thus, it is a dimensionless number — with no physical units.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements.

• Shallow earthquakes are generally less devastating compared to deeper earthquakes, because Shallow earthquakes carry less energy when they emerge on the surface.

• The seismic waves of deeper earth quakes usually move slowly upwards to the surface.

• The earthquake magnitude scale gives a measure of the energy released by the seismic waves.

Which of the above statement sis/are correct?

• d) 1, 2, 3

Solution: b)

Shallow earthquakes are generally more devastating because they carry greater energy when they emerge on the surface. Deeper earthquakes lose much of their energy by the time they come to the surface. The deeper quakes spread farther — the seismic waves move radially upwards to the surface — even as they lose energy while travelling greater distances, and hence cause less damage.

The earthquake magnitude scale gives a measure of the energy released, although the reading in itself is not of energy. Rather, it takes into account amplitude or ‘size’ of the seismic waves released, and variations in distance between various seismographs and the earthquake epicentre. Thus, it is a dimensionless number — with no physical units.

Solution: b)

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Consider the following statements. Western Himalayas is one of the most dangerous seismic zones in the world, because of the huge amount of energy stored along the fault lines due to the continuous interaction of different tectonic plates. Seismic waves travel significantly faster than the speed of light. With the present technological advancements, the predictions of future earthquakes can be easily made. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 1 only b) 1, 2 c) 1, 3 d) 2, 3 Correct Solution: a) Western Himalayas continues to be the one of the most dangerous seismic zones in the world. Scientists say the Himalayan region, the 2500-km stretch from the Hindu Kush mountains to the end of Arunachal Pradesh, is due for a big earthquake, of a magnitude over 8 on Richter scale, anytime. This is because of the huge amount of energy stored along the fault lines due to the continuous interaction of different tectonic plates. The energy can be released only in the form of massive earthquakes. Theoretically, it is possible to offer a lead time of a few seconds between the time of the origin of the earthquake and the time it reaches the Earth’s surface. Seismic waves travel significantly slower than the speed of light — between 5 and 13 km per second. So if the earthquake is detected as soon as it is triggered, information about it can be related a few seconds ahead of it reaching the ground. Such systems are already in use in some locations to issue alerts about earthquakes. However, these are not predictions. The alerts are issued post-event. Attempts to find reliable predictors to earthquakes have not been fruitful so far. Scientists have been able to map the areas that are earthquake prone, and are likely to generate earthquakes in future, but there is no way to predict when. Incorrect Solution: a) Western Himalayas continues to be the one of the most dangerous seismic zones in the world. Scientists say the Himalayan region, the 2500-km stretch from the Hindu Kush mountains to the end of Arunachal Pradesh, is due for a big earthquake, of a magnitude over 8 on Richter scale, anytime. This is because of the huge amount of energy stored along the fault lines due to the continuous interaction of different tectonic plates. The energy can be released only in the form of massive earthquakes. Theoretically, it is possible to offer a lead time of a few seconds between the time of the origin of the earthquake and the time it reaches the Earth’s surface. Seismic waves travel significantly slower than the speed of light — between 5 and 13 km per second. So if the earthquake is detected as soon as it is triggered, information about it can be related a few seconds ahead of it reaching the ground. Such systems are already in use in some locations to issue alerts about earthquakes. However, these are not predictions. The alerts are issued post-event. Attempts to find reliable predictors to earthquakes have not been fruitful so far. Scientists have been able to map the areas that are earthquake prone, and are likely to generate earthquakes in future, but there is no way to predict when.

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements.

• Western Himalayas is one of the most dangerous seismic zones in the world, because of the huge amount of energy stored along the fault lines due to the continuous interaction of different tectonic plates.

• Seismic waves travel significantly faster than the speed of light.

• With the present technological advancements, the predictions of future earthquakes can be easily made.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Solution: a)

Western Himalayas continues to be the one of the most dangerous seismic zones in the world. Scientists say the Himalayan region, the 2500-km stretch from the Hindu Kush mountains to the end of Arunachal Pradesh, is due for a big earthquake, of a magnitude over 8 on Richter scale, anytime. This is because of the huge amount of energy stored along the fault lines due to the continuous interaction of different tectonic plates. The energy can be released only in the form of massive earthquakes.

Theoretically, it is possible to offer a lead time of a few seconds between the time of the origin of the earthquake and the time it reaches the Earth’s surface. Seismic waves travel significantly slower than the speed of light — between 5 and 13 km per second. So if the earthquake is detected as soon as it is triggered, information about it can be related a few seconds ahead of it reaching the ground.

Such systems are already in use in some locations to issue alerts about earthquakes. However, these are not predictions. The alerts are issued post-event.

Attempts to find reliable predictors to earthquakes have not been fruitful so far. Scientists have been able to map the areas that are earthquake prone, and are likely to generate earthquakes in future, but there is no way to predict when.

Solution: a)

Such systems are already in use in some locations to issue alerts about earthquakes. However, these are not predictions. The alerts are issued post-event.

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question What will be the correct sequence of cities on the bank of River Ganga if someone moves from east to west? a) Varanasi, Patna, Kanpur, Allahabad b) Varanasi, Patna, Allahabad, Kanpur c) Patna, Varanasi, Allahabad, Kanpur d) Patna, Allahabad, Varanasi, Kanpur Correct Solution: c) Incorrect Solution: c)

#### 4. Question

What will be the correct sequence of cities on the bank of River Ganga if someone moves from east to west?

• a) Varanasi, Patna, Kanpur, Allahabad

• b) Varanasi, Patna, Allahabad, Kanpur

• c) Patna, Varanasi, Allahabad, Kanpur

• d) Patna, Allahabad, Varanasi, Kanpur

Solution: c)

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Indus River Basin is extended upto a) Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Haryana b) Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab c) Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana d) Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan Correct Solution: d) In India, the Indus basin spreads over Jammu & Kashmir, Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab and part of Rajasthan, Haryana, and Chandigarh. Incorrect Solution: d) In India, the Indus basin spreads over Jammu & Kashmir, Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab and part of Rajasthan, Haryana, and Chandigarh.

#### 5. Question

Indus River Basin is extended upto

• a) Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Haryana

• b) Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab

• c) Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana

• d) Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan

Solution: d)

In India, the Indus basin spreads over Jammu & Kashmir, Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab and part of Rajasthan, Haryana, and Chandigarh.

Solution: d)

In India, the Indus basin spreads over Jammu & Kashmir, Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab and part of Rajasthan, Haryana, and Chandigarh.

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