UPSC Static Quiz – Geography : 04 July 2024
Kartavya Desk Staff
UPSC Static Quiz – Geography : 04 July 2024 We will post 5 questions daily on static topics mentioned in the UPSC civil services preliminary examination syllabus. Each week will focus on a specific topic from the syllabus, such as History of India and Indian National Movement, Indian and World Geography, and more.We are excited to bring you our daily UPSC Static Quiz, designed to help you prepare for the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination. Each day, we will post 5 questions on static topics mentioned in the UPSC syllabus. This week, we are focusing on Indian and World Geography.
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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Consider the following statements regarding Sinkholes. Sinkholes are depressions formed in the ground when layers of the Earth’s surface start collapsing into caverns. They are formed in areas of “karst” terrains, where the rock below the surface of the Earth can be easily dissolved by groundwater. They are formed due to natural processes or human activity. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 1, 2 b) 1, 3 c) 2, 3 d) 1, 2, 3 Correct Solution: d) Sinkholes are depressions formed in the ground when layers of the Earth’s surface start collapsing into caverns. They can occur suddenly and without warning, because the land under the surface of the Earth can stay intact for a period of time until the spaces get too big. Sinkholes can be formed due to natural processes or human activity. Typically, sinkholes form in areas of “karst” terrains, where the rock below the surface of the Earth can be easily dissolved by groundwater. Essentially, this means that when rainwater seeps into the ground, the rock below the surface of the Earth starts dissolving, leading to the creation of spaces. This process is a slow and gradual one and can sometimes take hundreds or thousands of years. Incorrect Solution: d) Sinkholes are depressions formed in the ground when layers of the Earth’s surface start collapsing into caverns. They can occur suddenly and without warning, because the land under the surface of the Earth can stay intact for a period of time until the spaces get too big. Sinkholes can be formed due to natural processes or human activity. Typically, sinkholes form in areas of “karst” terrains, where the rock below the surface of the Earth can be easily dissolved by groundwater. Essentially, this means that when rainwater seeps into the ground, the rock below the surface of the Earth starts dissolving, leading to the creation of spaces. This process is a slow and gradual one and can sometimes take hundreds or thousands of years.
#### 1. Question
Consider the following statements regarding Sinkholes.
• Sinkholes are depressions formed in the ground when layers of the Earth’s surface start collapsing into caverns.
• They are formed in areas of “karst” terrains, where the rock below the surface of the Earth can be easily dissolved by groundwater.
• They are formed due to natural processes or human activity.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
• d) 1, 2, 3
Solution: d)
Sinkholes are depressions formed in the ground when layers of the Earth’s surface start collapsing into caverns. They can occur suddenly and without warning, because the land under the surface of the Earth can stay intact for a period of time until the spaces get too big.
Sinkholes can be formed due to natural processes or human activity. Typically, sinkholes form in areas of “karst” terrains, where the rock below the surface of the Earth can be easily dissolved by groundwater.
Essentially, this means that when rainwater seeps into the ground, the rock below the surface of the Earth starts dissolving, leading to the creation of spaces. This process is a slow and gradual one and can sometimes take hundreds or thousands of years.
Solution: d)
Sinkholes are depressions formed in the ground when layers of the Earth’s surface start collapsing into caverns. They can occur suddenly and without warning, because the land under the surface of the Earth can stay intact for a period of time until the spaces get too big.
Sinkholes can be formed due to natural processes or human activity. Typically, sinkholes form in areas of “karst” terrains, where the rock below the surface of the Earth can be easily dissolved by groundwater.
Essentially, this means that when rainwater seeps into the ground, the rock below the surface of the Earth starts dissolving, leading to the creation of spaces. This process is a slow and gradual one and can sometimes take hundreds or thousands of years.
• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Consider the following statements. A fault is a place with a long break in the rock that forms the surface of the earth. When an earthquake occurs on one of the faults, the rock on one side of the fault slips with respect to the other. Indonesia is not located on the fault lines in the Pacific Basin. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 2 only b) 2, 3 c) 1, 2 d) 1, 2, 3 Correct Solution: c) A fault is a place with a long break in the rock that forms the surface of the earth. When an earthquake occurs on one of these faults, the rock on one side of the fault slips with respect to the other. Does Indonesia usually have earthquakes like this? The country of more than 270 million people is frequently struck by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and tsunamis because of its location on the arc of volcanoes and fault lines in the Pacific Basin known as the “Ring of Fire.” The area spans some 40,000 kilometers (25,000 miles) and is where a majority of the world’s earthquakes occur. Incorrect Solution: c) A fault is a place with a long break in the rock that forms the surface of the earth. When an earthquake occurs on one of these faults, the rock on one side of the fault slips with respect to the other. Does Indonesia usually have earthquakes like this? The country of more than 270 million people is frequently struck by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and tsunamis because of its location on the arc of volcanoes and fault lines in the Pacific Basin known as the “Ring of Fire.” The area spans some 40,000 kilometers (25,000 miles) and is where a majority of the world’s earthquakes occur.
#### 2. Question
Consider the following statements.
• A fault is a place with a long break in the rock that forms the surface of the earth.
• When an earthquake occurs on one of the faults, the rock on one side of the fault slips with respect to the other.
• Indonesia is not located on the fault lines in the Pacific Basin.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
• d) 1, 2, 3
Solution: c)
A fault is a place with a long break in the rock that forms the surface of the earth. When an earthquake occurs on one of these faults, the rock on one side of the fault slips with respect to the other.
Does Indonesia usually have earthquakes like this?
The country of more than 270 million people is frequently struck by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and tsunamis because of its location on the arc of volcanoes and fault lines in the Pacific Basin known as the “Ring of Fire.” The area spans some 40,000 kilometers (25,000 miles) and is where a majority of the world’s earthquakes occur.
Solution: c)
A fault is a place with a long break in the rock that forms the surface of the earth. When an earthquake occurs on one of these faults, the rock on one side of the fault slips with respect to the other.
Does Indonesia usually have earthquakes like this?
The country of more than 270 million people is frequently struck by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and tsunamis because of its location on the arc of volcanoes and fault lines in the Pacific Basin known as the “Ring of Fire.” The area spans some 40,000 kilometers (25,000 miles) and is where a majority of the world’s earthquakes occur.
• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Match the following volcanoes and their location. Volcano Location Krakatoa 1. USA Mount Vesuvius 2. Japan Mount Fuji 3. Italy Mount St Helens 4. Indonesia Select the correct answer code: A B C D a) 4 3 1 2 b) 3 4 1 2 c) 4 3 2 1 d) 3 4 2 1 Correct Solution: c) Here are some famous volcanoes in the world. Krakatoa, Indonesia: One of the most catastrophic volcanic eruptions ever occurred in Krakatoa in 1883. Mount Vesuvius, Italy: In 79 CE, Mount Vesuvius erupted (VEI 5), in one of the deadliest eruptions in European history, killing as many as 16,000 and destroying the town of Pompeii. Mount Fuji, Japan Kīlauea, Hawaii: Adjacent to the Mauna Loa, this is one of the most active volcanoes on the planet. Mount St Helens, USA: Located in Washington State, Mount St. Helens was a major eruption that occurred on May 18, 1980 (VEI 5), and it remains the deadliest and most economically destructive volcanic event in U.S. history. Incorrect Solution: c) Here are some famous volcanoes in the world. Krakatoa, Indonesia: One of the most catastrophic volcanic eruptions ever occurred in Krakatoa in 1883. Mount Vesuvius, Italy: In 79 CE, Mount Vesuvius erupted (VEI 5), in one of the deadliest eruptions in European history, killing as many as 16,000 and destroying the town of Pompeii. Mount Fuji, Japan Kīlauea, Hawaii: Adjacent to the Mauna Loa, this is one of the most active volcanoes on the planet. Mount St Helens, USA: Located in Washington State, Mount St. Helens was a major eruption that occurred on May 18, 1980 (VEI 5), and it remains the deadliest and most economically destructive volcanic event in U.S. history.
#### 3. Question
Match the following volcanoes and their location.
Volcano Location
• Krakatoa 1. USA
• Mount Vesuvius 2. Japan
• Mount Fuji 3. Italy
• Mount St Helens 4. Indonesia
Select the correct answer code:
A B C D
• a) 4 3 1 2
• b) 3 4 1 2
• c) 4 3 2 1
• d) 3 4 2 1
Solution: c)
Here are some famous volcanoes in the world.
Krakatoa, Indonesia: One of the most catastrophic volcanic eruptions ever occurred in Krakatoa in 1883.
Mount Vesuvius, Italy: In 79 CE, Mount Vesuvius erupted (VEI 5), in one of the deadliest eruptions in European history, killing as many as 16,000 and destroying the town of Pompeii.
Mount Fuji, Japan
Kīlauea, Hawaii: Adjacent to the Mauna Loa, this is one of the most active volcanoes on the planet.
Mount St Helens, USA: Located in Washington State, Mount St. Helens was a major eruption that occurred on May 18, 1980 (VEI 5), and it remains the deadliest and most economically destructive volcanic event in U.S. history.
Solution: c)
Here are some famous volcanoes in the world.
Krakatoa, Indonesia: One of the most catastrophic volcanic eruptions ever occurred in Krakatoa in 1883.
Mount Vesuvius, Italy: In 79 CE, Mount Vesuvius erupted (VEI 5), in one of the deadliest eruptions in European history, killing as many as 16,000 and destroying the town of Pompeii.
Mount Fuji, Japan
Kīlauea, Hawaii: Adjacent to the Mauna Loa, this is one of the most active volcanoes on the planet.
Mount St Helens, USA: Located in Washington State, Mount St. Helens was a major eruption that occurred on May 18, 1980 (VEI 5), and it remains the deadliest and most economically destructive volcanic event in U.S. history.
• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Consider the following statements. Geothermal gradient is the rate of temperature change with respect to increasing depth in Earth’s interior. Magma is lighter than solid rock and hence it rises. Usually Magma that is thick and sticky leads to explosive volcanic eruptions, compared to magmathat has low viscosity. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 1, 2 b) 1, 3 c) 2, 3 d) 1, 2, 3 Correct Solution: d) The geothermal gradient, the amount that the Earth’s temperature increases with depth, indicates heat flowing from the Earth’s warm interior to its surface. At a certain depth, the heat is such that it melts rocks and creates what geologists call ‘magma’. Magma is lighter than solid rock and hence it rises, collecting in magma chambers. Chambers which have the potential to cause volcanic eruptions are found at a relatively shallow depth. The magma that surfaces on the Earth’s crust is referred to as lava. Why are some volcanic eruptions explosive and some not? In simple terms, runny magma makes for less explosive volcanic eruptions that typically are less dangerous. Since the magma is runny, gasses are able to escape, leading to a steady but relatively gentle flow of lava out of the mouth of the volcano. The eruption at Mauna Loa is of this kind. Since the lava flows out at a slow pace, people typically have enough time to move out of the way. If magma is thick and sticky, it makes it harder for gasses to escape on a consistent basis. This leads to a build-up of pressure until a breaking point is reached. At this time, the gasses escape violently, all at once, causing an explosion. Mount Vesuvius, which obliterated the city of Pompeii, is an example of an explosive volcano. The Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) is a scale used to measure the explosivity of a volcano. It has a range of 1 to 8 with a higher VEI indicating more explosivity. Incorrect Solution: d) The geothermal gradient, the amount that the Earth’s temperature increases with depth, indicates heat flowing from the Earth’s warm interior to its surface. At a certain depth, the heat is such that it melts rocks and creates what geologists call ‘magma’. Magma is lighter than solid rock and hence it rises, collecting in magma chambers. Chambers which have the potential to cause volcanic eruptions are found at a relatively shallow depth. The magma that surfaces on the Earth’s crust is referred to as lava. Why are some volcanic eruptions explosive and some not? In simple terms, runny magma makes for less explosive volcanic eruptions that typically are less dangerous. Since the magma is runny, gasses are able to escape, leading to a steady but relatively gentle flow of lava out of the mouth of the volcano. The eruption at Mauna Loa is of this kind. Since the lava flows out at a slow pace, people typically have enough time to move out of the way. If magma is thick and sticky, it makes it harder for gasses to escape on a consistent basis. This leads to a build-up of pressure until a breaking point is reached. At this time, the gasses escape violently, all at once, causing an explosion. Mount Vesuvius, which obliterated the city of Pompeii, is an example of an explosive volcano. The Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) is a scale used to measure the explosivity of a volcano. It has a range of 1 to 8 with a higher VEI indicating more explosivity.
#### 4. Question
Consider the following statements.
• Geothermal gradient is the rate of temperature change with respect to increasing depth in Earth’s interior.
• Magma is lighter than solid rock and hence it rises.
• Usually Magma that is thick and sticky leads to explosive volcanic eruptions, compared to magmathat has low viscosity.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
• d) 1, 2, 3
Solution: d)
The geothermal gradient, the amount that the Earth’s temperature increases with depth, indicates heat flowing from the Earth’s warm interior to its surface. At a certain depth, the heat is such that it melts rocks and creates what geologists call ‘magma’.
Magma is lighter than solid rock and hence it rises, collecting in magma chambers. Chambers which have the potential to cause volcanic eruptions are found at a relatively shallow depth. The magma that surfaces on the Earth’s crust is referred to as lava.
Why are some volcanic eruptions explosive and some not?
In simple terms, runny magma makes for less explosive volcanic eruptions that typically are less dangerous. Since the magma is runny, gasses are able to escape, leading to a steady but relatively gentle flow of lava out of the mouth of the volcano. The eruption at Mauna Loa is of this kind. Since the lava flows out at a slow pace, people typically have enough time to move out of the way.
If magma is thick and sticky, it makes it harder for gasses to escape on a consistent basis. This leads to a build-up of pressure until a breaking point is reached. At this time, the gasses escape violently, all at once, causing an explosion. Mount Vesuvius, which obliterated the city of Pompeii, is an example of an explosive volcano.
The Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) is a scale used to measure the explosivity of a volcano. It has a range of 1 to 8 with a higher VEI indicating more explosivity.
Solution: d)
The geothermal gradient, the amount that the Earth’s temperature increases with depth, indicates heat flowing from the Earth’s warm interior to its surface. At a certain depth, the heat is such that it melts rocks and creates what geologists call ‘magma’.
Magma is lighter than solid rock and hence it rises, collecting in magma chambers. Chambers which have the potential to cause volcanic eruptions are found at a relatively shallow depth. The magma that surfaces on the Earth’s crust is referred to as lava.
Why are some volcanic eruptions explosive and some not?
In simple terms, runny magma makes for less explosive volcanic eruptions that typically are less dangerous. Since the magma is runny, gasses are able to escape, leading to a steady but relatively gentle flow of lava out of the mouth of the volcano. The eruption at Mauna Loa is of this kind. Since the lava flows out at a slow pace, people typically have enough time to move out of the way.
If magma is thick and sticky, it makes it harder for gasses to escape on a consistent basis. This leads to a build-up of pressure until a breaking point is reached. At this time, the gasses escape violently, all at once, causing an explosion. Mount Vesuvius, which obliterated the city of Pompeii, is an example of an explosive volcano.
The Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) is a scale used to measure the explosivity of a volcano. It has a range of 1 to 8 with a higher VEI indicating more explosivity.
• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Consider the following statements regarding Cyclones. A cyclone is a low-pressure system that forms over warm waters. It is a system of high-speed winds blowing clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counter-clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. Tropical cyclones in the formative stages of their development are very calm and does not cause any threat to life and property. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 1 only b) 1, 2 c) 1, 3 d) 1, 2, 3 Correct Solution: a) A cyclone is a low pressure system that forms over warm waters. Essentially, it is a system of high speed winds rotating around a low-pressure area, with the winds blowing counter clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. According to the World Meteorological Organization, “Tropical cyclones are one of the biggest threats to life and property even in the formative stages of their development. They include a number of different hazards that can individually cause significant impacts on life and property, such as storm surge, flooding, extreme winds, tornadoes and lighting. Incorrect Solution: a) A cyclone is a low pressure system that forms over warm waters. Essentially, it is a system of high speed winds rotating around a low-pressure area, with the winds blowing counter clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. According to the World Meteorological Organization, “Tropical cyclones are one of the biggest threats to life and property even in the formative stages of their development. They include a number of different hazards that can individually cause significant impacts on life and property, such as storm surge, flooding, extreme winds, tornadoes and lighting.
#### 5. Question
Consider the following statements regarding Cyclones.
• A cyclone is a low-pressure system that forms over warm waters.
• It is a system of high-speed winds blowing clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counter-clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.
• Tropical cyclones in the formative stages of their development are very calm and does not cause any threat to life and property.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
• d) 1, 2, 3
Solution: a)
A cyclone is a low pressure system that forms over warm waters. Essentially, it is a system of high speed winds rotating around a low-pressure area, with the winds blowing counter clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.
According to the World Meteorological Organization, “Tropical cyclones are one of the biggest threats to life and property even in the formative stages of their development. They include a number of different hazards that can individually cause significant impacts on life and property, such as storm surge, flooding, extreme winds, tornadoes and lighting.
Solution: a)
A cyclone is a low pressure system that forms over warm waters. Essentially, it is a system of high speed winds rotating around a low-pressure area, with the winds blowing counter clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.
According to the World Meteorological Organization, “Tropical cyclones are one of the biggest threats to life and property even in the formative stages of their development. They include a number of different hazards that can individually cause significant impacts on life and property, such as storm surge, flooding, extreme winds, tornadoes and lighting.
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