UPSC Static Quiz – Environment : 8 September 2025

UPSC Static Quiz – Environment : 8 September 2025 We will post 5 questions daily on static topics mentioned in the UPSC civil services preliminary examination syllabus. Each week will focus on a specific topic from the syllabus, such as History of India and Indian National Movement, Indian and World Geography, and more.We are excited to bring you our daily UPSC Static Quiz, designed to help you prepare for the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination. Each day, we will post 5 questions on static topics mentioned in the UPSC syllabus. This week, we are focusing on Indian and World Geography.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Consider the following statements regarding Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. Statement-I: The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, provides for the creation of National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries for the protection of wildlife. Statement-II: Under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, hunting of any wild animal specified in Schedules I, II, III, and IV is absolutely prohibited under all circumstances. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: C Statement-I is correct. The Wildlife Protection Act (WPA), 1972, is the principal legislation in India for the protection of wild animals, birds, and plants, and for matters connected therewith or ancillary or incidental thereto. It provides the legal framework for the establishment of National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Conservation Reserves, and Community Reserves to protect wildlife and their habitats. Statement-II is incorrect. While the WPA, 1972, provides strong protection to animals listed in Schedules I, II, III, and IV and generally prohibits their hunting, it is not an absolute prohibition under all circumstances. The Act does contain provisions allowing for hunting in certain exceptional situations, such as for self-defense, if an animal becomes dangerous to human life, or for scientific research or management purposes, but only with specific permissions from designated authorities like the Chief Wildlife Warden. Incorrect Solution: C Statement-I is correct. The Wildlife Protection Act (WPA), 1972, is the principal legislation in India for the protection of wild animals, birds, and plants, and for matters connected therewith or ancillary or incidental thereto. It provides the legal framework for the establishment of National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Conservation Reserves, and Community Reserves to protect wildlife and their habitats. Statement-II is incorrect. While the WPA, 1972, provides strong protection to animals listed in Schedules I, II, III, and IV and generally prohibits their hunting, it is not an absolute prohibition under all circumstances. The Act does contain provisions allowing for hunting in certain exceptional situations, such as for self-defense, if an animal becomes dangerous to human life, or for scientific research or management purposes, but only with specific permissions from designated authorities like the Chief Wildlife Warden.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.

Statement-I: The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, provides for the creation of National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries for the protection of wildlife.

Statement-II: Under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, hunting of any wild animal specified in Schedules I, II, III, and IV is absolutely prohibited under all circumstances.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

• (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Solution: C

• Statement-I is correct. The Wildlife Protection Act (WPA), 1972, is the principal legislation in India for the protection of wild animals, birds, and plants, and for matters connected therewith or ancillary or incidental thereto. It provides the legal framework for the establishment of National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Conservation Reserves, and Community Reserves to protect wildlife and their habitats.

• Statement-II is incorrect. While the WPA, 1972, provides strong protection to animals listed in Schedules I, II, III, and IV and generally prohibits their hunting, it is not an absolute prohibition under all circumstances. The Act does contain provisions allowing for hunting in certain exceptional situations, such as for self-defense, if an animal becomes dangerous to human life, or for scientific research or management purposes, but only with specific permissions from designated authorities like the Chief Wildlife Warden.

Solution: C

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question India’s Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement include commitments related to: Reducing the emissions intensity of its GDP. Increasing the share of non-fossil fuel-based energy resources in its total installed electric power capacity. Creating an additional carbon sink through afforestation and reforestation. Completely phasing out coal-based power generation by 2030. How many of the above are part of India’s updated NDCs? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) Only three (d) All four Correct Solution: C India has updated its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). Key commitments include: Correct. India is committed to reducing the emissions intensity of its GDP. The updated NDC aims to reduce it by 45 percent by 2030, from 2005 level. Correct. India aims to achieve about 50 percent cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel-based energy resources by 2030. Correct. India has committed to creating an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent through additional forest and tree cover by 2030. Incorrect. While India is focusing on increasing renewable energy and reducing reliance on coal, it has not committed to a complete phase-out of coal-based power generation by 2030. The term used is often “phase down” of unabated coal power, and the timelines are longer and subject to development needs. Incorrect Solution: C India has updated its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). Key commitments include: Correct. India is committed to reducing the emissions intensity of its GDP. The updated NDC aims to reduce it by 45 percent by 2030, from 2005 level. Correct. India aims to achieve about 50 percent cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel-based energy resources by 2030. Correct. India has committed to creating an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent through additional forest and tree cover by 2030. Incorrect. While India is focusing on increasing renewable energy and reducing reliance on coal, it has not committed to a complete phase-out of coal-based power generation by 2030. The term used is often “phase down” of unabated coal power, and the timelines are longer and subject to development needs.

#### 2. Question

India’s Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement include commitments related to:

• Reducing the emissions intensity of its GDP.

• Increasing the share of non-fossil fuel-based energy resources in its total installed electric power capacity.

• Creating an additional carbon sink through afforestation and reforestation.

• Completely phasing out coal-based power generation by 2030.

How many of the above are part of India’s updated NDCs?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) Only three

• (d) All four

Solution: C

India has updated its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). Key commitments include:

• Correct. India is committed to reducing the emissions intensity of its GDP. The updated NDC aims to reduce it by 45 percent by 2030, from 2005 level.

• Correct. India aims to achieve about 50 percent cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel-based energy resources by 2030.

• Correct. India has committed to creating an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent through additional forest and tree cover by 2030.

• Incorrect. While India is focusing on increasing renewable energy and reducing reliance on coal, it has not committed to a complete phase-out of coal-based power generation by 2030. The term used is often “phase down” of unabated coal power, and the timelines are longer and subject to development needs.

Solution: C

India has updated its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). Key commitments include:

• Correct. India is committed to reducing the emissions intensity of its GDP. The updated NDC aims to reduce it by 45 percent by 2030, from 2005 level.

• Correct. India aims to achieve about 50 percent cumulative electric power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel-based energy resources by 2030.

• Correct. India has committed to creating an additional carbon sink of 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent through additional forest and tree cover by 2030.

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Which of the following is the most appropriate description of “In-situ conservation” of biodiversity? (a) Conservation of genetic resources in gene banks and seed banks outside their natural habitat. (b) Protection of endangered species by breeding them in captivity in zoos or botanical gardens. (c) Conservation of ecosystems and natural habitats and the maintenance and recovery of viable populations of species in their natural surroundings. (d) Introduction of genetically modified organisms to enhance the resilience of native species. Correct Solution: C “In-situ conservation” refers to the conservation of ecosystems and natural habitats and the maintenance and recovery of viable populations of species in their natural surroundings and, in the case of domesticated or cultivated species, in the surroundings where they have developed their distinctive properties. Examples include National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, and sacred groves. Option (a) describes ex-situ conservation (gene banks, seed banks). Option (b) describes ex-situ conservation (captive breeding in zoos/botanical gardens). Option (d) describes genetic engineering, which is not a method of in-situ conservation and can have its own ecological implications. Incorrect Solution: C “In-situ conservation” refers to the conservation of ecosystems and natural habitats and the maintenance and recovery of viable populations of species in their natural surroundings and, in the case of domesticated or cultivated species, in the surroundings where they have developed their distinctive properties. Examples include National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, and sacred groves. Option (a) describes ex-situ conservation (gene banks, seed banks). Option (b) describes ex-situ conservation (captive breeding in zoos/botanical gardens). Option (d) describes genetic engineering, which is not a method of in-situ conservation and can have its own ecological implications.

#### 3. Question

Which of the following is the most appropriate description of “In-situ conservation” of biodiversity?

• (a) Conservation of genetic resources in gene banks and seed banks outside their natural habitat.

• (b) Protection of endangered species by breeding them in captivity in zoos or botanical gardens.

• (c) Conservation of ecosystems and natural habitats and the maintenance and recovery of viable populations of species in their natural surroundings.

• (d) Introduction of genetically modified organisms to enhance the resilience of native species.

Solution: C

“In-situ conservation” refers to the conservation of ecosystems and natural habitats and the maintenance and recovery of viable populations of species in their natural surroundings and, in the case of domesticated or cultivated species, in the surroundings where they have developed their distinctive properties. Examples include National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, and sacred groves.

Option (a) describes ex-situ conservation (gene banks, seed banks).

Option (b) describes ex-situ conservation (captive breeding in zoos/botanical gardens).

Option (d) describes genetic engineering, which is not a method of in-situ conservation and can have its own ecological implications.

Solution: C

Option (a) describes ex-situ conservation (gene banks, seed banks).

Option (b) describes ex-situ conservation (captive breeding in zoos/botanical gardens).

Option (d) describes genetic engineering, which is not a method of in-situ conservation and can have its own ecological implications.

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Consider the following statements regarding Savannah biome. Statement-I: The Savannah biome is often described as a ‘parkland’ landscape, consisting of grasses with scattered trees. Statement-II: The existence of a pronounced dry season and frequent fires prevent the growth of a dense forest canopy in the Savannah biome. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I. (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct but Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I. (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect. (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct. Correct Solution: A Statement-I is correct. The Savannah biome, or Tropical Wet and Dry Climate (Aw), is visually characterized by a continuous cover of tall grasses interspersed with isolated, drought-resistant trees. This gives it a ‘park-like’ appearance, distinct from both dense forests and treeless grasslands. This description accurately captures the essence of the Savannah landscape found in regions like the African veld, the llanos of South America, and parts of Australia. Statement-II is correct. The defining climatic feature of the Savannah is the alternation between a distinct wet season and a prolonged, severe dry season. During the dry season, the lack of rainfall creates water stress, which is unfavorable for the development of a closed-canopy, moisture-loving forest. Furthermore, these dry conditions make the landscape susceptible to frequent natural and human-induced fires. These fires burn through the grasslands, killing off most tree seedlings before they can mature. Only fire-resistant (pyrophytic) tree species with thick bark and deep roots can survive. Statement-II provides the precise ecological reasons for the landscape described in Statement-I. Incorrect Solution: A Statement-I is correct. The Savannah biome, or Tropical Wet and Dry Climate (Aw), is visually characterized by a continuous cover of tall grasses interspersed with isolated, drought-resistant trees. This gives it a ‘park-like’ appearance, distinct from both dense forests and treeless grasslands. This description accurately captures the essence of the Savannah landscape found in regions like the African veld, the llanos of South America, and parts of Australia. Statement-II is correct. The defining climatic feature of the Savannah is the alternation between a distinct wet season and a prolonged, severe dry season. During the dry season, the lack of rainfall creates water stress, which is unfavorable for the development of a closed-canopy, moisture-loving forest. Furthermore, these dry conditions make the landscape susceptible to frequent natural and human-induced fires. These fires burn through the grasslands, killing off most tree seedlings before they can mature. Only fire-resistant (pyrophytic) tree species with thick bark and deep roots can survive. Statement-II provides the precise ecological reasons for the landscape described in Statement-I.

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Savannah biome.

Statement-I: The Savannah biome is often described as a ‘parkland’ landscape, consisting of grasses with scattered trees.

Statement-II: The existence of a pronounced dry season and frequent fires prevent the growth of a dense forest canopy in the Savannah biome.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I.

• (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct but Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I.

• (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect.

• (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct.

Solution: A

• Statement-I is correct. The Savannah biome, or Tropical Wet and Dry Climate (Aw), is visually characterized by a continuous cover of tall grasses interspersed with isolated, drought-resistant trees. This gives it a ‘park-like’ appearance, distinct from both dense forests and treeless grasslands. This description accurately captures the essence of the Savannah landscape found in regions like the African veld, the llanos of South America, and parts of Australia.

• Statement-II is correct. The defining climatic feature of the Savannah is the alternation between a distinct wet season and a prolonged, severe dry season. During the dry season, the lack of rainfall creates water stress, which is unfavorable for the development of a closed-canopy, moisture-loving forest. Furthermore, these dry conditions make the landscape susceptible to frequent natural and human-induced fires. These fires burn through the grasslands, killing off most tree seedlings before they can mature. Only fire-resistant (pyrophytic) tree species with thick bark and deep roots can survive.

• Statement-II provides the precise ecological reasons for the landscape described in Statement-I.

Solution: A

• Statement-II provides the precise ecological reasons for the landscape described in Statement-I.

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Consider the following fauna: Lemur Jaguar Kangaroo Orangutan Which of the above are characteristic of the Neotropical biogeographic realm? (a) 1 and 4 only (b) 2 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 4 Correct Solution: B Neotropical Realm: This realm includes South America, Central America, the Caribbean islands, and southern North America. The Jaguar is the largest cat in the Americas and a keystone predator of this realm, making it a characteristic species. Therefore, statement 2 is correct. Lemurs (Statement 1) are primates that are endemic to the island of Madagascar. Madagascar is part of the Afrotropical realm, but its long isolation has led to a highly unique and distinct fauna. Lemurs are not found in the Neotropical realm. Kangaroos (Statement 3) are large marsupials that are endemic to Australia. They are the most iconic fauna of the Australasian realm. Their presence is a defining feature of that realm, not the Neotropical. Orangutans (Statement 4) are great apes native to the rainforests of Borneo and Sumatra in Southeast Asia. This region falls within the Indomalayan (or Oriental) realm. They are not found in the Neotropical realm. Incorrect Solution: B Neotropical Realm: This realm includes South America, Central America, the Caribbean islands, and southern North America. The Jaguar is the largest cat in the Americas and a keystone predator of this realm, making it a characteristic species. Therefore, statement 2 is correct. Lemurs (Statement 1) are primates that are endemic to the island of Madagascar. Madagascar is part of the Afrotropical realm, but its long isolation has led to a highly unique and distinct fauna. Lemurs are not found in the Neotropical realm. Kangaroos (Statement 3) are large marsupials that are endemic to Australia. They are the most iconic fauna of the Australasian realm. Their presence is a defining feature of that realm, not the Neotropical. Orangutans (Statement 4) are great apes native to the rainforests of Borneo and Sumatra in Southeast Asia. This region falls within the Indomalayan (or Oriental) realm. They are not found in the Neotropical realm.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following fauna:

Which of the above are characteristic of the Neotropical biogeographic realm?

• (a) 1 and 4 only

• (b) 2 only

• (c) 2 and 3 only

• (d) 1, 2 and 4

Solution: B

• Neotropical Realm: This realm includes South America, Central America, the Caribbean islands, and southern North America. The Jaguar is the largest cat in the Americas and a keystone predator of this realm, making it a characteristic species. Therefore, statement 2 is correct.

• Lemurs (Statement 1) are primates that are endemic to the island of Madagascar. Madagascar is part of the Afrotropical realm, but its long isolation has led to a highly unique and distinct fauna. Lemurs are not found in the Neotropical realm.

• Kangaroos (Statement 3) are large marsupials that are endemic to Australia. They are the most iconic fauna of the Australasian realm. Their presence is a defining feature of that realm, not the Neotropical.

• Orangutans (Statement 4) are great apes native to the rainforests of Borneo and Sumatra in Southeast Asia. This region falls within the Indomalayan (or Oriental) realm. They are not found in the Neotropical realm.

Solution: B

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