UPSC Static Quiz – Environment : 30 July 2024

UPSC Static Quiz – Environment : 30 July 2024 We will post 5 questions daily on static topics mentioned in the UPSC civil services preliminary examination syllabus. Each week will focus on a specific topic from the syllabus, such as History of India and Indian National Movement, Indian and World Geography, and more.We are excited to bring you our daily UPSC Static Quiz, designed to help you prepare for the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination. Each day, we will post 5 questions on static topics mentioned in the UPSC syllabus. This week, we are focusing on Indian and World Geography.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Consider the following statements regarding Mediterranean Forests. Mediterranean Forests are found in only those countries bordering Mediterranean Sea. Mediterranean Forests are known as ‘Orchards of the world’ for their fruit cultivation. They have thick barks and wax coated leaves which help them reduce transpiration. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 1, 2 b) 1, 3 c) 2, 3 d) 3 only Correct Solution: c) Mediterranean forests are found in areas around Mediterranean Sea, Central Chile, South-West USA, Australia, Africa. They have thick barks and wax coated leaves which help them reduce transpiration. Due to these characteristics, Mediterranean trees adapt themselves to dry summers. Mediterranean Forests are known as ‘Orchards of the world’ for their fruit cultivation. People have removed the natural vegetation here in order to cultivate what they want to. So, Citrus fruits such as oranges, figs, olives and grapes are commonly cultivated here. Incorrect Solution: c) Mediterranean forests are found in areas around Mediterranean Sea, Central Chile, South-West USA, Australia, Africa. They have thick barks and wax coated leaves which help them reduce transpiration. Due to these characteristics, Mediterranean trees adapt themselves to dry summers. Mediterranean Forests are known as ‘Orchards of the world’ for their fruit cultivation. People have removed the natural vegetation here in order to cultivate what they want to. So, Citrus fruits such as oranges, figs, olives and grapes are commonly cultivated here.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Mediterranean Forests.

• Mediterranean Forests are found in only those countries bordering Mediterranean Sea.

• Mediterranean Forests are known as ‘Orchards of the world’ for their fruit cultivation.

• They have thick barks and wax coated leaves which help them reduce transpiration.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Solution: c)

Mediterranean forests are found in areas around Mediterranean Sea, Central Chile, South-West USA, Australia, Africa. They have thick barks and wax coated leaves which help them reduce transpiration. Due to these characteristics, Mediterranean trees adapt themselves to dry summers. Mediterranean Forests are known as ‘Orchards of the world’ for their fruit cultivation. People have removed the natural vegetation here in order to cultivate what they want to. So, Citrus fruits such as oranges, figs, olives and grapes are commonly cultivated here.

Solution: c)

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Photoperiodism is a phenomenon related to Flowering in plants Mode of photosynthesis in plants Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) None of the above Correct Solution: a) Photoperiodism is the physiological reaction of organisms to the length of day or night. It occurs in plants and animals. It has been observed that some plants require a periodic exposure to light to induce flowering. It is also seen that such plants are able to measure the duration of exposure to light. For example, some plants require the exposure to light for a period exceeding a well defined critical duration, while others must be exposed to light for a period less than this critical duration before the flowering is initiated in them. Together with temperature changes, photoperiod provokes changes in the colour of fur and feathers, migration, entry into hibernation, sexual behaviour etc. For e.g. the singing frequency of birds such as the canary depends on the photoperiod. Incorrect Solution: a) Photoperiodism is the physiological reaction of organisms to the length of day or night. It occurs in plants and animals. It has been observed that some plants require a periodic exposure to light to induce flowering. It is also seen that such plants are able to measure the duration of exposure to light. For example, some plants require the exposure to light for a period exceeding a well defined critical duration, while others must be exposed to light for a period less than this critical duration before the flowering is initiated in them. Together with temperature changes, photoperiod provokes changes in the colour of fur and feathers, migration, entry into hibernation, sexual behaviour etc. For e.g. the singing frequency of birds such as the canary depends on the photoperiod.

#### 2. Question

Photoperiodism is a phenomenon related to

• Flowering in plants

• Mode of photosynthesis in plants

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• c) Both 1 and 2

• d) None of the above

Solution: a)

Photoperiodism is the physiological reaction of organisms to the length of day or night. It occurs in plants and animals.

• It has been observed that some plants require a periodic exposure to light to induce flowering. It is also seen that such plants are able to measure the duration of exposure to light.

• For example, some plants require the exposure to light for a period exceeding a well defined critical duration, while others must be exposed to light for a period less than this critical duration before the flowering is initiated in them.

• Together with temperature changes, photoperiod provokes changes in the colour of fur and feathers, migration, entry into hibernation, sexual behaviour etc. For e.g. the singing frequency of birds such as the canary depends on the photoperiod.

Solution: a)

Photoperiodism is the physiological reaction of organisms to the length of day or night. It occurs in plants and animals.

• It has been observed that some plants require a periodic exposure to light to induce flowering. It is also seen that such plants are able to measure the duration of exposure to light.

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Which of the following are Tropical Grasslands? Llanos Campos Steppe Savanna Prairie Select the correct answer code: a) 1, 2, 5 b) 1, 2, 4 c) 1, 2, 3 d) 2, 3, 4, 5 Correct Solution: b) Grasslands are known by different names in different regions. Tropical Grasslands are: East Africa- Savanna Brazil- Campos Venezuela- Llanos Temperate Grasslands are: Argentina- Pampas America- Prairie Africa- Veld Asia- Steppe Australia- Down Incorrect Solution: b) Grasslands are known by different names in different regions. Tropical Grasslands are: East Africa- Savanna Brazil- Campos Venezuela- Llanos Temperate Grasslands are: Argentina- Pampas America- Prairie Africa- Veld Asia- Steppe Australia- Down

#### 3. Question

Which of the following are Tropical Grasslands?

Select the correct answer code:

• a) 1, 2, 5

• b) 1, 2, 4

• c) 1, 2, 3

• d) 2, 3, 4, 5

Solution: b)

Grasslands are known by different names in different regions.

Tropical Grasslands are:

East Africa- Savanna

Brazil- Campos

Venezuela- Llanos

Temperate Grasslands are:

Argentina- Pampas

• America- Prairie

• Africa- Veld

• Asia- Steppe

Australia- Down

Solution: b)

Grasslands are known by different names in different regions.

Tropical Grasslands are:

East Africa- Savanna

Brazil- Campos

Venezuela- Llanos

Temperate Grasslands are:

Argentina- Pampas

• America- Prairie

• Africa- Veld

• Asia- Steppe

Australia- Down

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Arrange the following ecosystems in decreasing order of net primary productivity Tropical seasonal forest Tropical rain forest Temperate Grassland Woodland and Shrubland Select the correct answer code: a) 1-2-3-4 b) 2-1-4-3 c) 2-4-3-1 d) 2-1-3-4 Correct Solution: b) Net primary productivity, or NPP, is gross primary productivity minus the rate of energy loss to metabolism and maintenance. In other words, it’s the rate at which energy is stored as biomass by plants or other primary producers and made available to the consumers in the ecosystem. Net primary productivity varies among ecosystems and depends on many factors. These include solar energy input, temperature and moisture levels, carbon dioxide levels, nutrient availability, and community interactions. Tropical rain forests receive overall more rainfall than seasonal forests and grasslands. Also, a forest will certainly be more productive than grassland. Incorrect Solution: b) Net primary productivity, or NPP, is gross primary productivity minus the rate of energy loss to metabolism and maintenance. In other words, it’s the rate at which energy is stored as biomass by plants or other primary producers and made available to the consumers in the ecosystem. Net primary productivity varies among ecosystems and depends on many factors. These include solar energy input, temperature and moisture levels, carbon dioxide levels, nutrient availability, and community interactions. Tropical rain forests receive overall more rainfall than seasonal forests and grasslands. Also, a forest will certainly be more productive than grassland.

#### 4. Question

Arrange the following ecosystems in decreasing order of net primary productivity

• Tropical seasonal forest

• Tropical rain forest

• Temperate Grassland

• Woodland and Shrubland

Select the correct answer code:

• a) 1-2-3-4

• b) 2-1-4-3

• c) 2-4-3-1

• d) 2-1-3-4

Solution: b)

Net primary productivity, or NPP, is gross primary productivity minus the rate of energy loss to metabolism and maintenance. In other words, it’s the rate at which energy is stored as biomass by plants or other primary producers and made available to the consumers in the ecosystem.

Net primary productivity varies among ecosystems and depends on many factors. These include solar energy input, temperature and moisture levels, carbon dioxide levels, nutrient availability, and community interactions.

Tropical rain forests receive overall more rainfall than seasonal forests and grasslands. Also, a forest will certainly be more productive than grassland.

Solution: b)

Tropical rain forests receive overall more rainfall than seasonal forests and grasslands. Also, a forest will certainly be more productive than grassland.

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Consider the following statements regarding Alpha and beta diversity. Alpha diversity is the diversity within an ecosystem which is generally described as the number of species. Beta diversity is the geographic diversity which refers to the total diversity of a region. Gamma diversity involves the comparison of different ecosystems in environmental gradients. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: a) Only Statement 1 is correct. Alpha is the diversity within an ecosystem which is generally described as the number of species. Beta diversity involves the comparison of different ecosystems in environmental gradients, for example, in a mountainous area within a coastal area. Beta diversity shows us the size of the change of species from one ecosystem to another. Gamma diversity refers to the total diversity of a region, i.e. the geographic diversity. It is the sum of the alpha diversity of various ecosystems. Incorrect Solution: a) Only Statement 1 is correct. Alpha is the diversity within an ecosystem which is generally described as the number of species. Beta diversity involves the comparison of different ecosystems in environmental gradients, for example, in a mountainous area within a coastal area. Beta diversity shows us the size of the change of species from one ecosystem to another. Gamma diversity refers to the total diversity of a region, i.e. the geographic diversity. It is the sum of the alpha diversity of various ecosystems.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Alpha and beta diversity.

• Alpha diversity is the diversity within an ecosystem which is generally described as the number of species.

• Beta diversity is the geographic diversity which refers to the total diversity of a region.

• Gamma diversity involves the comparison of different ecosystems in environmental gradients.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: a)

Only Statement 1 is correct.

Alpha is the diversity within an ecosystem which is generally described as the number of species.

Beta diversity involves the comparison of different ecosystems in environmental gradients, for example, in a mountainous area within a coastal area. Beta diversity shows us the size of the change of species from one ecosystem to another.

Gamma diversity refers to the total diversity of a region, i.e. the geographic diversity. It is the sum of the alpha diversity of various ecosystems.

Solution: a)

Only Statement 1 is correct.

Alpha is the diversity within an ecosystem which is generally described as the number of species.

Gamma diversity refers to the total diversity of a region, i.e. the geographic diversity. It is the sum of the alpha diversity of various ecosystems.

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