UPSC Static Quiz – Environment : 25 December 2025

UPSC Static Quiz – Environment : 25 December 2025 We will post 5 questions daily on static topics mentioned in the UPSC civil services preliminary examination syllabus. Each week will focus on a specific topic from the syllabus, such as History of India and Indian National Movement, Indian and World Geography, and more. We are excited to bring you our daily UPSC Static Quiz, designed to help you prepare for the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination. Each day, we will post 5 questions on static topics mentioned in the UPSC syllabus. This week, we are focusing on Indian and World Geography.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Consider the following statements regarding the ‘High Seas Treaty’ (BBNJ Agreement) and recent biodiversity frameworks: The BBNJ Agreement applies to the conservation of marine biological diversity in the entire global ocean, including the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) of coastal nations. The “30 by 30” target, adopted under the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, aims to conserve 30% of the Earth’s lands and oceans by the year 2030. Which of the above statements are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: B Statement 1 is Incorrect:The BBNJ Agreement (Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction) specifically applies to areas beyond national jurisdiction. This includes the high seas and the international seabed area. It does not apply to the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) or territorial waters of coastal nations, which remain under national jurisdiction as per UNCLOS. Statement 2 is Correct:The “30 by 30” target is the flagship goal of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) adopted at COP15 and reinforced at COP16. It commits the world to effectively conserve and manage at least 30% of the world’s lands, inland waters, coastal areas, and oceans by 2030. Incorrect Solution: B Statement 1 is Incorrect:The BBNJ Agreement (Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction) specifically applies to areas beyond national jurisdiction. This includes the high seas and the international seabed area. It does not apply to the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) or territorial waters of coastal nations, which remain under national jurisdiction as per UNCLOS. Statement 2 is Correct:The “30 by 30” target is the flagship goal of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) adopted at COP15 and reinforced at COP16. It commits the world to effectively conserve and manage at least 30% of the world’s lands, inland waters, coastal areas, and oceans by 2030.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the ‘High Seas Treaty’ (BBNJ Agreement) and recent biodiversity frameworks:

• The BBNJ Agreement applies to the conservation of marine biological diversity in the entire global ocean, including the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) of coastal nations.

• The “30 by 30” target, adopted under the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, aims to conserve 30% of the Earth’s lands and oceans by the year 2030.

Which of the above statements are correct?

• (a) 1 only

• (b) 2 only

• (c) Both 1 and 2

• (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: B

• Statement 1 is Incorrect:The BBNJ Agreement (Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction) specifically applies to areas beyond national jurisdiction. This includes the high seas and the international seabed area. It does not apply to the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) or territorial waters of coastal nations, which remain under national jurisdiction as per UNCLOS.

• Statement 2 is Correct:The “30 by 30” target is the flagship goal of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) adopted at COP15 and reinforced at COP16. It commits the world to effectively conserve and manage at least 30% of the world’s lands, inland waters, coastal areas, and oceans by 2030.

Solution: B

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Consider the following pairs regarding recent Climate Summits: Summit / COP Host City Key Outcome / Mechanism 1. UNFCCC COP29 Baku New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) 2. UNFCCC COP28 Dubai Operationalization of Loss and Damage Fund 3. UNFCCC COP27 Sharm el-Sheikh Adoption of the Paris Agreement Rulebook Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched? (a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Correct Solution: B Pair 1 is Correctly Matched: COP29 was held in Baku, Azerbaijan (2024). It is widely known as the “Finance COP.” Its primary outcome was the agreement on the New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) on climate finance. Pair 2 is Correctly Matched: COP28 took place in Dubai, UAE (2023). A historic achievement on the very first day was the operationalization of the Loss and Damage Fund, which had been agreed upon in principle at the previous COP. It also concluded the first Global Stocktake. Pair 3 is Incorrectly Matched: COP27 was held in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt (2022). However, the Paris Agreement Rulebook (specifically the guidelines for Article 6 carbon markets) was largely finalized at COP26 in Glasgow (2021). Incorrect Solution: B Pair 1 is Correctly Matched: COP29 was held in Baku, Azerbaijan (2024). It is widely known as the “Finance COP.” Its primary outcome was the agreement on the New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) on climate finance. Pair 2 is Correctly Matched: COP28 took place in Dubai, UAE (2023). A historic achievement on the very first day was the operationalization of the Loss and Damage Fund, which had been agreed upon in principle at the previous COP. It also concluded the first Global Stocktake. Pair 3 is Incorrectly Matched: COP27 was held in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt (2022). However, the Paris Agreement Rulebook (specifically the guidelines for Article 6 carbon markets) was largely finalized at COP26 in Glasgow (2021).

#### 2. Question

Consider the following pairs regarding recent Climate Summits:

Summit / COP | Host City | Key Outcome / Mechanism

1.UNFCCC COP29 | Baku | New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG)
2.UNFCCC COP28 | Dubai | Operationalization of Loss and Damage Fund
3.UNFCCC COP27 | Sharm el-Sheikh | Adoption of the Paris Agreement Rulebook

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

• (a) 1 only

• (b) 1 and 2 only

• (c) 2 and 3 only

• (d) 1, 2 and 3

Solution: B

• Pair 1 is Correctly Matched: COP29 was held in Baku, Azerbaijan (2024). It is widely known as the “Finance COP.” Its primary outcome was the agreement on the New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) on climate finance.

• Pair 2 is Correctly Matched: COP28 took place in Dubai, UAE (2023). A historic achievement on the very first day was the operationalization of the Loss and Damage Fund, which had been agreed upon in principle at the previous COP. It also concluded the first Global Stocktake.

Pair 3 is Incorrectly Matched: COP27 was held in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt (2022). However, the Paris Agreement Rulebook (specifically the guidelines for Article 6 carbon markets) was largely finalized at COP26 in Glasgow (2021).

Solution: B

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Consider the following statements regarding environmental measures in India: The Green Credit Program (GCP) is a mechanism under the Carbon Credit Trading Scheme that mainly focuses on carbon emission reductions (CO2). Under the E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2022, the recycling of solar photo-voltaic panels is voluntary and does not fall under the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) framework. The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has the power to extend the storage period of e-waste for recyclers under special circumstances. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: A Statement 1 is incorrect:The Green Credit Program (GCP) is distinct from the Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS). While CCTS focuses on carbon emission reductions (CO2), the GCP incentivizes a broader range of voluntary environmental actions, such as tree plantation, water conservation, and mangrove restoration. Statement 2 is Incorrect:The E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2022 (and subsequent amendments) explicitly brought Solar Photo-voltaic (PV) modules/panels/cells under the mandatory ambit of the rules. Manufacturers of solar panels are now legally bound by Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) targets for recycling. It is mandatory, not voluntary. Statement 3 is correct: Under the E-Waste Rules, the storage of e-waste is generally allowed for 180 days. The CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board) may extend this period, up to 365 days (one year) in specific cases (e.g., for R&D or recycling process development). Incorrect Solution: A Statement 1 is incorrect:The Green Credit Program (GCP) is distinct from the Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS). While CCTS focuses on carbon emission reductions (CO2), the GCP incentivizes a broader range of voluntary environmental actions, such as tree plantation, water conservation, and mangrove restoration. Statement 2 is Incorrect:The E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2022 (and subsequent amendments) explicitly brought Solar Photo-voltaic (PV) modules/panels/cells under the mandatory ambit of the rules. Manufacturers of solar panels are now legally bound by Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) targets for recycling. It is mandatory, not voluntary. Statement 3 is correct: Under the E-Waste Rules, the storage of e-waste is generally allowed for 180 days. The CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board) may extend this period, up to 365 days (one year) in specific cases (e.g., for R&D or recycling process development).

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements regarding environmental measures in India:

• The Green Credit Program (GCP) is a mechanism under the Carbon Credit Trading Scheme that mainly focuses on carbon emission reductions (CO2).

• Under the E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2022, the recycling of solar photo-voltaic panels is voluntary and does not fall under the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) framework.

• The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has the power to extend the storage period of e-waste for recyclers under special circumstances.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: A

• Statement 1 is incorrect:The Green Credit Program (GCP) is distinct from the Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS). While CCTS focuses on carbon emission reductions (CO2), the GCP incentivizes a broader range of voluntary environmental actions, such as tree plantation, water conservation, and mangrove restoration.

• Statement 2 is Incorrect:The E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2022 (and subsequent amendments) explicitly brought Solar Photo-voltaic (PV) modules/panels/cells under the mandatory ambit of the rules. Manufacturers of solar panels are now legally bound by Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) targets for recycling. It is mandatory, not voluntary.

Statement 3 is correct: Under the E-Waste Rules, the storage of e-waste is generally allowed for 180 days. The CPCB (Central Pollution Control Board) may extend this period, up to 365 days (one year) in specific cases (e.g., for R&D or recycling process development).

Solution: A

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Consider the following pairs: Scheme Primary Objective 1. MISHTI Restoration of mangrove forests along the coast and on salt pan lands. 2. Amrit Dharohar Promoting high-value nature tourism and sustainable use of Ramsar Sites. 3. LiFE Mission Financial assistance for the construction of biogas plants in rural areas. How many of the above pairs are correctly matched? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: B Pair 1 is Correctly Matched: MISHTI (Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitats & Tangible Incomes) is a scheme specifically designed for the restoration and afforestation of mangroves. It operates through convergence with CAMPA and MGNREGS funds, focusing on the coastline and salt pan lands of India. Pair 2 is Correctly Matched: Amrit Dharohar is an initiative announced in the 2023 Union Budget dedicated to wetlands (specifically Ramsar Sites). Its goal is to encourage optimal use of wetlands, enhance biodiversity, and promote income generation for local communities through eco-tourism (“nature tourism”) and sustainable livelihoods. Pair 3 is Incorrectly Matched: Mission LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment) is a global mass movement led by India to nudge individual and community action to protect the environment (e.g., saving water, reducing waste). Mission LiFE is a behavioral change program, not a specific financial assistance scheme for constructing biogas plants (which falls under schemes like GOBARdhan). Incorrect Solution: B Pair 1 is Correctly Matched: MISHTI (Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitats & Tangible Incomes) is a scheme specifically designed for the restoration and afforestation of mangroves. It operates through convergence with CAMPA and MGNREGS funds, focusing on the coastline and salt pan lands of India. Pair 2 is Correctly Matched: Amrit Dharohar is an initiative announced in the 2023 Union Budget dedicated to wetlands (specifically Ramsar Sites). Its goal is to encourage optimal use of wetlands, enhance biodiversity, and promote income generation for local communities through eco-tourism (“nature tourism”) and sustainable livelihoods. Pair 3 is Incorrectly Matched: Mission LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment) is a global mass movement led by India to nudge individual and community action to protect the environment (e.g., saving water, reducing waste). Mission LiFE is a behavioral change program, not a specific financial assistance scheme for constructing biogas plants (which falls under schemes like GOBARdhan).

#### 4. Question

Consider the following pairs:

Scheme | Primary Objective

1.MISHTI | Restoration of mangrove forests along the coast and on salt pan lands.
2.Amrit Dharohar | Promoting high-value nature tourism and sustainable use of Ramsar Sites.
3.LiFE Mission | Financial assistance for the construction of biogas plants in rural areas.

How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: B

• Pair 1 is Correctly Matched: MISHTI (Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitats & Tangible Incomes) is a scheme specifically designed for the restoration and afforestation of mangroves. It operates through convergence with CAMPA and MGNREGS funds, focusing on the coastline and salt pan lands of India.

• Pair 2 is Correctly Matched: Amrit Dharohar is an initiative announced in the 2023 Union Budget dedicated to wetlands (specifically Ramsar Sites). Its goal is to encourage optimal use of wetlands, enhance biodiversity, and promote income generation for local communities through eco-tourism (“nature tourism”) and sustainable livelihoods.

• Pair 3 is Incorrectly Matched: Mission LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment) is a global mass movement led by India to nudge individual and community action to protect the environment (e.g., saving water, reducing waste). Mission LiFE is a behavioral change program, not a specific financial assistance scheme for constructing biogas plants (which falls under schemes like GOBARdhan).

Solution: B

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question With reference to the Wild Life (Protection) Amendment Act, 2022, consider the following statements: The Act has increased the number of Schedules from four to six to accommodate the separate classification of vermin species. It introduces a new Schedule IV specifically to list animal specimens for the implementation of the CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species) appendices. The Act completely prohibits the transfer or transport of any captive elephant, removing the exemption previously available for religious purposes. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: A Statement 1 is Incorrect:The Wild Life (Protection) Amendment Act, 2022 actually rationalized and reduced the number of schedules. The original Act had six schedules. The Amendment reduced this to four: Schedule I (highest protection), Schedule II (lesser protection), Schedule III (plants), and Schedule IV (CITES specimens). Notably, the specific schedule for “Vermin” (formerly Schedule V) was deleted, meaning the central government can no longer permanently list animals as vermin in the Act itself; they must be notified specifically when required. Statement 2 is Correct:A major objective of the Amendment was to align Indian law with CITES. It introduced a new Schedule IV which specifically lists the specimens of flora and fauna included in the Appendices of CITES. This empowers authorities to regulate the international trade of these species effectively. Statement 3 is Incorrect: While the Act generally strengthens protection for elephants (Schedule I), Section 43 of the Amendment included a proviso that allowsthe transfer or transport of a captive elephant for a “religious or any other purpose” by a person having a valid certificate of ownership. Incorrect Solution: A Statement 1 is Incorrect:The Wild Life (Protection) Amendment Act, 2022 actually rationalized and reduced the number of schedules. The original Act had six schedules. The Amendment reduced this to four: Schedule I (highest protection), Schedule II (lesser protection), Schedule III (plants), and Schedule IV (CITES specimens). Notably, the specific schedule for “Vermin” (formerly Schedule V) was deleted, meaning the central government can no longer permanently list animals as vermin in the Act itself; they must be notified specifically when required. Statement 2 is Correct:A major objective of the Amendment was to align Indian law with CITES. It introduced a new Schedule IV which specifically lists the specimens of flora and fauna included in the Appendices of CITES. This empowers authorities to regulate the international trade of these species effectively. Statement 3 is Incorrect: While the Act generally strengthens protection for elephants (Schedule I), Section 43 of the Amendment included a proviso that allowsthe transfer or transport of a captive elephant for a “religious or any other purpose” by a person having a valid certificate of ownership.

#### 5. Question

With reference to the Wild Life (Protection) Amendment Act, 2022, consider the following statements:

• The Act has increased the number of Schedules from four to six to accommodate the separate classification of vermin species.

• It introduces a new Schedule IV specifically to list animal specimens for the implementation of the CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species) appendices.

• The Act completely prohibits the transfer or transport of any captive elephant, removing the exemption previously available for religious purposes.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: A

• Statement 1 is Incorrect:The Wild Life (Protection) Amendment Act, 2022 actually rationalized and reduced the number of schedules. The original Act had six schedules. The Amendment reduced this to four: Schedule I (highest protection), Schedule II (lesser protection), Schedule III (plants), and Schedule IV (CITES specimens). Notably, the specific schedule for “Vermin” (formerly Schedule V) was deleted, meaning the central government can no longer permanently list animals as vermin in the Act itself; they must be notified specifically when required.

• Statement 2 is Correct:A major objective of the Amendment was to align Indian law with CITES. It introduced a new Schedule IV which specifically lists the specimens of flora and fauna included in the Appendices of CITES. This empowers authorities to regulate the international trade of these species effectively.

• Statement 3 is Incorrect: While the Act generally strengthens protection for elephants (Schedule I), Section 43 of the Amendment included a proviso that allowsthe transfer or transport of a captive elephant for a “religious or any other purpose” by a person having a valid certificate of ownership.

Solution: A

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