UPSC STATIC QUIZ – Environment : 23 May 2024

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We will post 5 questions daily on static topics mentioned in the UPSC civil services preliminary examination syllabus. Each week will focus on a specific topic from the syllabus, such as History of India and Indian National Movement, Indian and World Geography, and more.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Consider the following statements regarding Natural Gas. Natural gas consists primarily of Nitrogen but also includes small percentage of carbon dioxide and methane. Natural gas is found in deep underground rock formations or associated with other hydrocarbon reservoirs in coal beds. It is used as a chemical feedstock in the manufacture of plastics and other commercially important organic chemicals. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect. Natural gas is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, but commonly including varying amounts of other higher alkanes, and sometimes a small percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, or helium. It is formed when layers of decomposing plant and animal matter are exposed to intense heat and pressure under the surface of the Earth over millions of years. Natural gas is a non-renewable hydrocarbon used as a source of energy for heating, cooking, and electricity generation. It is also used as a fuel for vehicles and as a chemical feedstock in the manufacture of plastics and other commercially important organic chemicals. Natural gas is found in deep underground rock formations or associated with other hydrocarbon reservoirs in coal beds and as methane clathrates. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect. Natural gas is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, but commonly including varying amounts of other higher alkanes, and sometimes a small percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, or helium. It is formed when layers of decomposing plant and animal matter are exposed to intense heat and pressure under the surface of the Earth over millions of years. Natural gas is a non-renewable hydrocarbon used as a source of energy for heating, cooking, and electricity generation. It is also used as a fuel for vehicles and as a chemical feedstock in the manufacture of plastics and other commercially important organic chemicals. Natural gas is found in deep underground rock formations or associated with other hydrocarbon reservoirs in coal beds and as methane clathrates.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Natural Gas.

• Natural gas consists primarily of Nitrogen but also includes small percentage of carbon dioxide and methane.

• Natural gas is found in deep underground rock formations or associated with other hydrocarbon reservoirs in coal beds.

• It is used as a chemical feedstock in the manufacture of plastics and other commercially important organic chemicals.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is incorrect.

Natural gas is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, but commonly including varying amounts of other higher alkanes, and sometimes a small percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, or helium. It is formed when layers of decomposing plant and animal matter are exposed to intense heat and pressure under the surface of the Earth over millions of years.

Natural gas is a non-renewable hydrocarbon used as a source of energy for heating, cooking, and electricity generation. It is also used as a fuel for vehicles and as a chemical feedstock in the manufacture of plastics and other commercially important organic chemicals.

Natural gas is found in deep underground rock formations or associated with other hydrocarbon reservoirs in coal beds and as methane clathrates.

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is incorrect.

Natural gas is found in deep underground rock formations or associated with other hydrocarbon reservoirs in coal beds and as methane clathrates.

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Consider the following statements regarding Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) have the property of long-range environmental transport (LRET). As we move up the food chain, concentrations of POPs tend to decrease so that animals at the top of the food chain tend to have the low concentrations of these chemicals. Exposure to POPs can lead to cancer and diseases of immune system. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 2 is incorrect. Exposure to POPs can lead to cancer, damage to central & peripheral nervous systems, diseases of immune system, reproductive disorders and interference with normal infant and child development. Uniqueness of POPs: POPs are lipophilic, which means that they accumulate in the fatty tissue of living animals and human beings. In fatty tissue, the concentrations can become magnified by up to 70 000 times higher than the background levels. As you move up the food chain, concentrations of POPs tend to increase so that animals at the top of the food chain such as fish, predatory birds, mammals, and humans tend to have the greatest concentrations of these chemicals. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 2 is incorrect. Exposure to POPs can lead to cancer, damage to central & peripheral nervous systems, diseases of immune system, reproductive disorders and interference with normal infant and child development. Uniqueness of POPs: POPs are lipophilic, which means that they accumulate in the fatty tissue of living animals and human beings. In fatty tissue, the concentrations can become magnified by up to 70 000 times higher than the background levels. As you move up the food chain, concentrations of POPs tend to increase so that animals at the top of the food chain such as fish, predatory birds, mammals, and humans tend to have the greatest concentrations of these chemicals.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs).

• Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) have the property of long-range environmental transport (LRET).

• As we move up the food chain, concentrations of POPs tend to decrease so that animals at the top of the food chain tend to have the low concentrations of these chemicals.

• Exposure to POPs can lead to cancer and diseases of immune system.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 2 is incorrect.

Exposure to POPs can lead to cancer, damage to central & peripheral nervous systems, diseases of immune system, reproductive disorders and interference with normal infant and child development.

Uniqueness of POPs:

POPs are lipophilic, which means that they accumulate in the fatty tissue of living animals and human beings.

In fatty tissue, the concentrations can become magnified by up to 70 000 times higher than the background levels.

As you move up the food chain, concentrations of POPs tend to increase so that animals at the top of the food chain such as fish, predatory birds, mammals, and humans tend to have the greatest concentrations of these chemicals.

Solution: b)

Statement 2 is incorrect.

Exposure to POPs can lead to cancer, damage to central & peripheral nervous systems, diseases of immune system, reproductive disorders and interference with normal infant and child development.

Uniqueness of POPs:

POPs are lipophilic, which means that they accumulate in the fatty tissue of living animals and human beings.

In fatty tissue, the concentrations can become magnified by up to 70 000 times higher than the background levels.

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Consider the following statements regarding Phumdis. Phumdis are a series of floating islands, exclusive to the Chilika Lake. During the monsoon season when the water level is high, the phumdis touch the lake bed and during the dry season the phumdis float. Phumdis are used by the local people for constructing their huts for fishing and other livelihood uses. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: a) Only Statement 3 is correct. Phumdis are a series of floating islands, exclusive to the Loktak Lake in Manipur. This mass constitutes the world’s largest floating park, named Keibul Lamjao National Park. Phumdis are used by the local people for constructing their huts for fishing and other livelihood uses. The life-cycle of the phumdis has generally been subject to seasonal variation. During the monsoon season when the water level is high, the phumdis float, but during the dry season, as the water level falls, the phumdis touch the lake bed and absorb nutrients from it. When the wet season returns, they again float, and the biomass, which has enough nutrients stored in the plants’ roots, survives. Incorrect Solution: a) Only Statement 3 is correct. Phumdis are a series of floating islands, exclusive to the Loktak Lake in Manipur. This mass constitutes the world’s largest floating park, named Keibul Lamjao National Park. Phumdis are used by the local people for constructing their huts for fishing and other livelihood uses. The life-cycle of the phumdis has generally been subject to seasonal variation. During the monsoon season when the water level is high, the phumdis float, but during the dry season, as the water level falls, the phumdis touch the lake bed and absorb nutrients from it. When the wet season returns, they again float, and the biomass, which has enough nutrients stored in the plants’ roots, survives.

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Phumdis.

• Phumdis are a series of floating islands, exclusive to the Chilika Lake.

• During the monsoon season when the water level is high, the phumdis touch the lake bed and during the dry season the phumdis float.

• Phumdis are used by the local people for constructing their huts for fishing and other livelihood uses.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: a)

Only Statement 3 is correct.

Phumdis are a series of floating islands, exclusive to the Loktak Lake in Manipur. This mass constitutes the world’s largest floating park, named Keibul Lamjao National Park.

Phumdis are used by the local people for constructing their huts for fishing and other livelihood uses.

The life-cycle of the phumdis has generally been subject to seasonal variation. During the monsoon season when the water level is high, the phumdis float, but during the dry season, as the water level falls, the phumdis touch the lake bed and absorb nutrients from it. When the wet season returns, they again float, and the biomass, which has enough nutrients stored in the plants’ roots, survives.

Solution: a)

Only Statement 3 is correct.

Phumdis are a series of floating islands, exclusive to the Loktak Lake in Manipur. This mass constitutes the world’s largest floating park, named Keibul Lamjao National Park.

Phumdis are used by the local people for constructing their huts for fishing and other livelihood uses.

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Consider the following statements regarding Nitrous oxide. Nitrous oxide is also known as laughing gas. Nitrous oxide has significant medical uses, especially in surgery and dentistry, for its anaesthetic and pain reducing effects. Which of the above statements is/are incorrect? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: d) Nitrous oxide is also known as laughing gas. Nitrous oxide has significant medical uses, especially in surgery and dentistry, for its anaesthetic and pain reducing effects. It is on the World Health Organisation’s List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system. Incorrect Solution: d) Nitrous oxide is also known as laughing gas. Nitrous oxide has significant medical uses, especially in surgery and dentistry, for its anaesthetic and pain reducing effects. It is on the World Health Organisation’s List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system.

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Nitrous oxide.

• Nitrous oxide is also known as laughing gas.

• Nitrous oxide has significant medical uses, especially in surgery and dentistry, for its anaesthetic and pain reducing effects.

Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?

• c) Both 1 and 2

• d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: d)

Nitrous oxide is also known as laughing gas.

Nitrous oxide has significant medical uses, especially in surgery and dentistry, for its anaesthetic and pain reducing effects.

It is on the World Health Organisation’s List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system.

Solution: d)

Nitrous oxide is also known as laughing gas.

Nitrous oxide has significant medical uses, especially in surgery and dentistry, for its anaesthetic and pain reducing effects.

It is on the World Health Organisation’s List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system.

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Consider the following statements regarding tree transplantation. All trees can be transplanted. Trees like peepal and sheesham are tolerant to transplantation. Any tree that has a tap root system can be transplanted without much effort. How many of the above statements is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: a) Only Statement 2 is correct. Not all trees can be transplanted. While peepal, ficus, semal and sheesham are tolerant to transplantation, trees such as dak, palash, arjun, shahtoot and jhilmil are not. Any tree that has a tap root system cannot be transplanted, as the root goes deep into the soil, and it is not possible to isolate it without damage. Incorrect Solution: a) Only Statement 2 is correct. Not all trees can be transplanted. While peepal, ficus, semal and sheesham are tolerant to transplantation, trees such as dak, palash, arjun, shahtoot and jhilmil are not. Any tree that has a tap root system cannot be transplanted, as the root goes deep into the soil, and it is not possible to isolate it without damage.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements regarding tree transplantation.

• All trees can be transplanted.

• Trees like peepal and sheesham are tolerant to transplantation.

• Any tree that has a tap root system can be transplanted without much effort.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: a)

Only Statement 2 is correct.

Not all trees can be transplanted. While peepal, ficus, semal and sheesham are tolerant to transplantation, trees such as dak, palash, arjun, shahtoot and jhilmil are not.

Any tree that has a tap root system cannot be transplanted, as the root goes deep into the soil, and it is not possible to isolate it without damage.

Solution: a)

Only Statement 2 is correct.

Not all trees can be transplanted. While peepal, ficus, semal and sheesham are tolerant to transplantation, trees such as dak, palash, arjun, shahtoot and jhilmil are not.

Any tree that has a tap root system cannot be transplanted, as the root goes deep into the soil, and it is not possible to isolate it without damage.

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