UPSC Static Quiz – Environment : 20 December 2024

UPSC Static Quiz – Environment : 20 December 2024 We will post 5 questions daily on static topics mentioned in the UPSC civil services preliminary examination syllabus. Each week will focus on a specific topic from the syllabus, such as History of India and Indian National Movement, Indian and World Geography, and more.We are excited to bring you our daily UPSC Static Quiz, designed to help you prepare for the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination. Each day, we will post 5 questions on static topics mentioned in the UPSC syllabus. This week, we are focusing on Indian and World Geography.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Why do exotic species post a threat to an indigenous ecosystem such as in a Lake or an isolated island in the Andamans? Such species may cause diseases in native species. They may be predators of local species. Such species compete with the local or native species for food. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: c) Exotic species introduced to new environments often reset the ecological conditions in that new habitat, threatening the species that exist there; this is the reason that they are also termed invasive species. Invasive species that are closely related to rare native species have the potential to hybridize with the native species; harmful effects of hybridization have led to a decline and even extinction of native species. Invasive species can change the food web in an ecosystem by destroying or replacing native food sources. The invasive species may provide little to no food value for wildlife. Lakes and islands are particularly vulnerable to extinction threats from introduced species. Incorrect Solution: c) Exotic species introduced to new environments often reset the ecological conditions in that new habitat, threatening the species that exist there; this is the reason that they are also termed invasive species. Invasive species that are closely related to rare native species have the potential to hybridize with the native species; harmful effects of hybridization have led to a decline and even extinction of native species. Invasive species can change the food web in an ecosystem by destroying or replacing native food sources. The invasive species may provide little to no food value for wildlife. Lakes and islands are particularly vulnerable to extinction threats from introduced species.

#### 1. Question

Why do exotic species post a threat to an indigenous ecosystem such as in a Lake or an isolated island in the Andamans?

• Such species may cause diseases in native species.

• They may be predators of local species.

• Such species compete with the local or native species for food.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: c)

Exotic species introduced to new environments often reset the ecological conditions in that new habitat, threatening the species that exist there; this is the reason that they are also termed invasive species.

Invasive species that are closely related to rare native species have the potential to hybridize with the native species; harmful effects of hybridization have led to a decline and even extinction of native species.

Invasive species can change the food web in an ecosystem by destroying or replacing native food sources. The invasive species may provide little to no food value for wildlife.

Lakes and islands are particularly vulnerable to extinction threats from introduced species.

Solution: c)

Invasive species can change the food web in an ecosystem by destroying or replacing native food sources. The invasive species may provide little to no food value for wildlife.

Lakes and islands are particularly vulnerable to extinction threats from introduced species.

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question The ocean acidification will lead to which of the following? The growth and survival of calcareous phytoplankton will be adversely affected. The growth and survival of coral reefs will be adversely affected. It favours the formation of clouds and also the process of cloud seeding. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 3 is incorrect. As carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolves in sea water, it forms carbonic acid, decreasing the ocean’s pH, a process collectively known as ocean acidification. Increased sea water acidity has been demonstrated to affect the formation and dissolution of calcium carbonate shells and skeletons in a range of marine species, including corals, molluscs such as oysters and mussels, and many phytoplankton and zooplankton species that form the base of marine food webs. Ocean Acidification would lead certain marine organisms to emit less of the sulphur compounds that help to seed the formation of clouds and so keep the planet cool. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 3 is incorrect. As carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolves in sea water, it forms carbonic acid, decreasing the ocean’s pH, a process collectively known as ocean acidification. Increased sea water acidity has been demonstrated to affect the formation and dissolution of calcium carbonate shells and skeletons in a range of marine species, including corals, molluscs such as oysters and mussels, and many phytoplankton and zooplankton species that form the base of marine food webs. Ocean Acidification would lead certain marine organisms to emit less of the sulphur compounds that help to seed the formation of clouds and so keep the planet cool.

#### 2. Question

The ocean acidification will lead to which of the following?

• The growth and survival of calcareous phytoplankton will be adversely affected.

• The growth and survival of coral reefs will be adversely affected.

• It favours the formation of clouds and also the process of cloud seeding.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 3 is incorrect.

As carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolves in sea water, it forms carbonic acid, decreasing the ocean’s pH, a process collectively known as ocean acidification.

Increased sea water acidity has been demonstrated to affect the formation and dissolution of calcium carbonate shells and skeletons in a range of marine species, including corals, molluscs such as oysters and mussels, and many phytoplankton and zooplankton species that form the base of marine food webs.

Ocean Acidification would lead certain marine organisms to emit less of the sulphur compounds that help to seed the formation of clouds and so keep the planet cool.

Solution: b)

Statement 3 is incorrect.

As carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolves in sea water, it forms carbonic acid, decreasing the ocean’s pH, a process collectively known as ocean acidification.

Ocean Acidification would lead certain marine organisms to emit less of the sulphur compounds that help to seed the formation of clouds and so keep the planet cool.

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Consider the following statements regarding the differences between turtles and tortoises. In general, the turtle is an aquatic animal and the tortoise is a land animal. The shell of tortoises is harder and heavier compared to turtles. Turtles have webbed feet and tortoises’ feet are round and stumpy. Tortoises are largely vegetarians while turtles are generally omnivores. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) Only three d) All four Correct Solution: d) What are 5 differences between a turtle and a tortoise? The turtle in general is an aquatic animal and the tortoise is a land animal. Turtles have webbed feet and tortoises’ feet are round and stumpy (like tiny elephant feet), suitable for walking on land and burrowing. Tortoises are largely vegetarians while turtles are generally omnivores. Tortoises usually have dome-shaped shells whereas those of the turtles are flat and streamlined. The shell of tortoises is harder and heavier compared to turtles. Incorrect Solution: d) What are 5 differences between a turtle and a tortoise? The turtle in general is an aquatic animal and the tortoise is a land animal. Turtles have webbed feet and tortoises’ feet are round and stumpy (like tiny elephant feet), suitable for walking on land and burrowing. Tortoises are largely vegetarians while turtles are generally omnivores. Tortoises usually have dome-shaped shells whereas those of the turtles are flat and streamlined. The shell of tortoises is harder and heavier compared to turtles.

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the differences between turtles and tortoises.

• In general, the turtle is an aquatic animal and the tortoise is a land animal.

• The shell of tortoises is harder and heavier compared to turtles.

• Turtles have webbed feet and tortoises’ feet are round and stumpy.

• Tortoises are largely vegetarians while turtles are generally omnivores.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) Only three

• d) All four

Solution: d)

What are 5 differences between a turtle and a tortoise?

• The turtle in general is an aquatic animal and the tortoise is a land animal.

• Turtles have webbed feet and tortoises’ feet are round and stumpy (like tiny elephant feet), suitable for walking on land and burrowing.

• Tortoises are largely vegetarians while turtles are generally omnivores.

• Tortoises usually have dome-shaped shells whereas those of the turtles are flat and streamlined.

• The shell of tortoises is harder and heavier compared to turtles.

Solution: d)

What are 5 differences between a turtle and a tortoise?

• The turtle in general is an aquatic animal and the tortoise is a land animal.

• Turtles have webbed feet and tortoises’ feet are round and stumpy (like tiny elephant feet), suitable for walking on land and burrowing.

• Tortoises are largely vegetarians while turtles are generally omnivores.

• Tortoises usually have dome-shaped shells whereas those of the turtles are flat and streamlined.

• The shell of tortoises is harder and heavier compared to turtles.

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Consider the following statements regarding Phosphorus and Phosphorus Cycle. Phosphorus cycle is largely atmospheric and easily dissolves in water from air. Phosphorus occurs as a mineral in phosphate rocks and enters the Phosphorus cycle from erosion and mining activities. Phosphorus is responsible for excessive growth of rooted and free-floating microscopic plants in water bodies. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect. Phosphorous cycle is mainly terrestrial. The main storage for phosphorus is in the earth’s crust. On land phosphorus is usually found in the form of phosphates. It occurs in large amounts as a mineral in phosphate rocks and enters the cycle from erosion and mining activities. By the process of weathering and erosion phosphates enter rivers and streams that transport them to the ocean. Being an important nutrient, phosphorous promotes eutrophication in lakes. Along with nitrogen related compounds it leads to undesirable situations like algal bloom. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect. Phosphorous cycle is mainly terrestrial. The main storage for phosphorus is in the earth’s crust. On land phosphorus is usually found in the form of phosphates. It occurs in large amounts as a mineral in phosphate rocks and enters the cycle from erosion and mining activities. By the process of weathering and erosion phosphates enter rivers and streams that transport them to the ocean. Being an important nutrient, phosphorous promotes eutrophication in lakes. Along with nitrogen related compounds it leads to undesirable situations like algal bloom.

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Phosphorus and Phosphorus Cycle.

• Phosphorus cycle is largely atmospheric and easily dissolves in water from air.

• Phosphorus occurs as a mineral in phosphate rocks and enters the Phosphorus cycle from erosion and mining activities.

• Phosphorus is responsible for excessive growth of rooted and free-floating microscopic plants in water bodies.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is incorrect.

• Phosphorous cycle is mainly terrestrial. The main storage for phosphorus is in the earth’s crust. On land phosphorus is usually found in the form of phosphates.

• It occurs in large amounts as a mineral in phosphate rocks and enters the cycle from erosion and mining activities.

• By the process of weathering and erosion phosphates enter rivers and streams that transport them to the ocean.

Being an important nutrient, phosphorous promotes eutrophication in lakes. Along with nitrogen related compounds it leads to undesirable situations like algal bloom.

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is incorrect.

• Phosphorous cycle is mainly terrestrial. The main storage for phosphorus is in the earth’s crust. On land phosphorus is usually found in the form of phosphates.

• It occurs in large amounts as a mineral in phosphate rocks and enters the cycle from erosion and mining activities.

• By the process of weathering and erosion phosphates enter rivers and streams that transport them to the ocean.

Being an important nutrient, phosphorous promotes eutrophication in lakes. Along with nitrogen related compounds it leads to undesirable situations like algal bloom.

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Match the Following Washington Convention A. Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal London Convention B. Marine Pollution Bonn Convention C. Migratory Species Basel Convention D. Trade in Endangered Species Select the correct answer code: a) 1-D, 2-C, 3-B, 4-A b) 1-D, 2-B, 3-C, 4-A c) 1-B, 2-D, 3-C, 4-A d) 1-B, 2-C, 3-A, 4-D Correct Solution: b) CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, also known as the Washington Convention) is a multilateral treaty to protect endangered plants and animals. The Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter 1972, commonly called the “London Convention”. The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, also known as the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) or the Bonn Convention. The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal, usually known as the Basel Convention, is an international treaty that was designed to reduce the movements of hazardous waste between nations, and specifically to prevent transfer of hazardous waste from developed to less developed countries (LDCs). Incorrect Solution: b) CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, also known as the Washington Convention) is a multilateral treaty to protect endangered plants and animals. The Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter 1972, commonly called the “London Convention”. The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, also known as the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) or the Bonn Convention. The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal, usually known as the Basel Convention, is an international treaty that was designed to reduce the movements of hazardous waste between nations, and specifically to prevent transfer of hazardous waste from developed to less developed countries (LDCs).

#### 5. Question

Match the Following

• Washington Convention A. Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal

• London Convention B. Marine Pollution

• Bonn Convention C. Migratory Species

• Basel Convention D. Trade in Endangered Species

Select the correct answer code:

• a) 1-D, 2-C, 3-B, 4-A

• b) 1-D, 2-B, 3-C, 4-A

• c) 1-B, 2-D, 3-C, 4-A

• d) 1-B, 2-C, 3-A, 4-D

Solution: b)

CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, also known as the Washington Convention) is a multilateral treaty to protect endangered plants and animals.

The Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter 1972, commonly called the “London Convention”.

The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, also known as the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) or the Bonn Convention.

The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal, usually known as the Basel Convention, is an international treaty that was designed to reduce the movements of hazardous waste between nations, and specifically to prevent transfer of hazardous waste from developed to less developed countries (LDCs).

Solution: b)

The Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter 1972, commonly called the “London Convention”.

The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals, also known as the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) or the Bonn Convention.

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