UPSC STATIC QUIZ – Environment : 20 April 2024

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We will post 5 questions daily on static topics mentioned in the UPSC civil services preliminary examination syllabus. Each week will focus on a specific topic from the syllabus, such as History of India and Indian National Movement, Indian and World Geography, and more.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Consider the following statements. Global warming potential (GWP) is a measure of how much energy the emissions of 1 ton of any greenhouse gas (GHG) will absorb over a given period of time, relative to the emissions of 1 ton of carbon dioxide (CO2). The larger the GWP, the more that a given GHG warms the Earth compared to CO2 over that time period. The time period usually used for GWPs is 10 years. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 3 is incorrect. The Global Warming Potential (GWP) was developed to allow comparisons of the global warming impacts of different greenhouse gases. Specifically, it is a measure of how much energy the emissions of 1 ton of any greenhouse gas will absorb over a given period of time, relative to the emissions of 1 ton of carbon dioxide (CO2). The larger the GWP, the more that a given gas warms the Earth compared to CO2 over that time period. The time period usually used for GWPs is 100 years. GWPs provide a common unit of measure, which allows analysts to add up emissions estimates of different gases (e.g., to compile a national GHG inventory), and allows policymakers to compare emissions reduction opportunities across sectors and gases. CO2, by definition, has a GWP of 1 regardless of the time period used, because it is the gas being used as the reference. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 3 is incorrect. The Global Warming Potential (GWP) was developed to allow comparisons of the global warming impacts of different greenhouse gases. Specifically, it is a measure of how much energy the emissions of 1 ton of any greenhouse gas will absorb over a given period of time, relative to the emissions of 1 ton of carbon dioxide (CO2). The larger the GWP, the more that a given gas warms the Earth compared to CO2 over that time period. The time period usually used for GWPs is 100 years. GWPs provide a common unit of measure, which allows analysts to add up emissions estimates of different gases (e.g., to compile a national GHG inventory), and allows policymakers to compare emissions reduction opportunities across sectors and gases. CO2, by definition, has a GWP of 1 regardless of the time period used, because it is the gas being used as the reference.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements.

• Global warming potential (GWP) is a measure of how much energy the emissions of 1 ton of any greenhouse gas (GHG) will absorb over a given period of time, relative to the emissions of 1 ton of carbon dioxide (CO2).

• The larger the GWP, the more that a given GHG warms the Earth compared to CO2 over that time period.

• The time period usually used for GWPs is 10 years.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 3 is incorrect.

The Global Warming Potential (GWP) was developed to allow comparisons of the global warming impacts of different greenhouse gases. Specifically, it is a measure of how much energy the emissions of 1 ton of any greenhouse gas will absorb over a given period of time, relative to the emissions of 1 ton of carbon dioxide (CO2). The larger the GWP, the more that a given gas warms the Earth compared to CO2 over that time period. The time period usually used for GWPs is 100 years. GWPs provide a common unit of measure, which allows analysts to add up emissions estimates of different gases (e.g., to compile a national GHG inventory), and allows policymakers to compare emissions reduction opportunities across sectors and gases.

CO2, by definition, has a GWP of 1 regardless of the time period used, because it is the gas being used as the reference.

Solution: b)

Statement 3 is incorrect.

CO2, by definition, has a GWP of 1 regardless of the time period used, because it is the gas being used as the reference.

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question What would happen if phytoplankton of an ocean is completely destroyed for some reason? The ocean as a carbon sink would be adversely affected. The density of ocean water would drastically increase. The food chains in the ocean would be adversely affected. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 2 is incorrect. Phytoplanktons are food factories of the ocean, it fixes atmospheric carbon dioxide in large quantities (Carbon Sink) and produce food. So, if phytoplanktons are removed completely it leads to catastrophic failure of ocean ecosystem. It doesn’t influence the density of ocean water. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 2 is incorrect. Phytoplanktons are food factories of the ocean, it fixes atmospheric carbon dioxide in large quantities (Carbon Sink) and produce food. So, if phytoplanktons are removed completely it leads to catastrophic failure of ocean ecosystem. It doesn’t influence the density of ocean water.

#### 2. Question

What would happen if phytoplankton of an ocean is completely destroyed for some reason?

• The ocean as a carbon sink would be adversely affected.

• The density of ocean water would drastically increase.

• The food chains in the ocean would be adversely affected.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 2 is incorrect.

Phytoplanktons are food factories of the ocean, it fixes atmospheric carbon dioxide in large quantities (Carbon Sink) and produce food. So, if phytoplanktons are removed completely it leads to catastrophic failure of ocean ecosystem. It doesn’t influence the density of ocean water.

Solution: b)

Statement 2 is incorrect.

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Which of the following are the Ozone depleting substances. Hydrobromoflurocarbons (HBFCs) Halons Methyl bromide Carbon tetrachloride Methyl chloroform Select the correct answer code: a) All except 3 b) All except 4 c) All except 5 d) All of the above Correct Solution: d) Ozone depleting substances include: chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) hydrobromoflurocarbons (HBFCs) halons methyl bromide carbon tetrachloride methyl chloroform. Incorrect Solution: d) Ozone depleting substances include: chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) hydrobromoflurocarbons (HBFCs) halons methyl bromide carbon tetrachloride methyl chloroform.

#### 3. Question

Which of the following are the Ozone depleting substances.

• Hydrobromoflurocarbons (HBFCs)

• Methyl bromide

• Carbon tetrachloride

• Methyl chloroform

Select the correct answer code:

• a) All except 3

• b) All except 4

• c) All except 5

• d) All of the above

Solution: d)

Ozone depleting substances include:

chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)

hydrobromoflurocarbons (HBFCs)

methyl bromide

carbon tetrachloride

methyl chloroform.

Solution: d)

Ozone depleting substances include:

chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)

hydrobromoflurocarbons (HBFCs)

methyl bromide

carbon tetrachloride

methyl chloroform.

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Consider the following statements regarding ‘Zombie fires’ recently seen in news A zombie fire is a fire that continues to burn underground and then reignites on the surface after a period of time. It burrow deep in organic soils such as peat lands. There are evidences of zombie fires scattered across the Arctic region. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: c) Dormant “zombie fires” are scattered across the Arctic region. A zombie fire is a fire that continues to burn underground and then reignites on the surface after a period of time. Embers deep in organic soils such as peat lands can spark into flames weeks, months and even years later. Incorrect Solution: c) Dormant “zombie fires” are scattered across the Arctic region. A zombie fire is a fire that continues to burn underground and then reignites on the surface after a period of time. Embers deep in organic soils such as peat lands can spark into flames weeks, months and even years later.

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements regarding ‘Zombie fires’ recently seen in news

• A zombie fire is a fire that continues to burn underground and then reignites on the surface after a period of time.

• It burrow deep in organic soils such as peat lands.

• There are evidences of zombie fires scattered across the Arctic region.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: c)

Dormant “zombie fires” are scattered across the Arctic region. A zombie fire is a fire that continues to burn underground and then reignites on the surface after a period of time. Embers deep in organic soils such as peat lands can spark into flames weeks, months and even years later.

Solution: c)

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Consider the following statements. Biochar induces carbon sequestration. Biochar is used as a soil amendment. Use of Biochar in soil leads to soil-borne diseases. Select the correct answer code: a) 1, 2 b) 2 only c) 1, 3 d) 1, 2, 3 Correct Solution: a) Biochar is found in soils around the world as a result of vegetation fires and historic soil management practices. Intensive study of biochar-rich dark earths in the Amazon (terra preta), has led to a wider appreciation of biochar’s unique properties as a soil enhancer. Statement 1: Biochar is charcoal used as a soil amendment. Like most charcoal, biochar is made from biomass via pyrolysis. Biochar is under investigation as an approach to carbon sequestration to produce negative carbon dioxide emission. Statement 2 and 3: Independently, biochar can increase soil fertility of acidic soils (low pH soils), increase agricultural productivity, and provide protection against some foliar and soil-borne diseases. Biochar reduces pressure on forests. Biochar is a stable solid, rich in carbon, and can endure in soil for thousands of years Incorrect Solution: a) Biochar is found in soils around the world as a result of vegetation fires and historic soil management practices. Intensive study of biochar-rich dark earths in the Amazon (terra preta), has led to a wider appreciation of biochar’s unique properties as a soil enhancer. Statement 1: Biochar is charcoal used as a soil amendment. Like most charcoal, biochar is made from biomass via pyrolysis. Biochar is under investigation as an approach to carbon sequestration to produce negative carbon dioxide emission. Statement 2 and 3: Independently, biochar can increase soil fertility of acidic soils (low pH soils), increase agricultural productivity, and provide protection against some foliar and soil-borne diseases. Biochar reduces pressure on forests. Biochar is a stable solid, rich in carbon, and can endure in soil for thousands of years

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements.

• Biochar induces carbon sequestration.

• Biochar is used as a soil amendment.

• Use of Biochar in soil leads to soil-borne diseases.

Select the correct answer code:

• d) 1, 2, 3

Solution: a)

Biochar is found in soils around the world as a result of vegetation fires and historic soil management practices. Intensive study of biochar-rich dark earths in the Amazon (terra preta), has led to a wider appreciation of biochar’s unique properties as a soil enhancer.

Statement 1: Biochar is charcoal used as a soil amendment. Like most charcoal, biochar is made from biomass via pyrolysis. Biochar is under investigation as an approach to carbon sequestration to produce negative carbon dioxide emission.

Statement 2 and 3: Independently, biochar can increase soil fertility of acidic soils (low pH soils), increase agricultural productivity, and provide protection against some foliar and soil-borne diseases.

Biochar reduces pressure on forests. Biochar is a stable solid, rich in carbon, and can endure in soil for thousands of years

Solution: a)

Biochar reduces pressure on forests. Biochar is a stable solid, rich in carbon, and can endure in soil for thousands of years

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