UPSC Static Quiz – Environment : 18 December 2024

UPSC Static Quiz – Environment : 18 December 2024 We will post 5 questions daily on static topics mentioned in the UPSC civil services preliminary examination syllabus. Each week will focus on a specific topic from the syllabus, such as History of India and Indian National Movement, Indian and World Geography, and more.We are excited to bring you our daily UPSC Static Quiz, designed to help you prepare for the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination. Each day, we will post 5 questions on static topics mentioned in the UPSC syllabus. This week, we are focusing on Indian and World Geography.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Match the climate change effects with their corresponding impacts on marine ecosystems: COLUMN 1 1. Coral Bleaching 2. Prokaryote Dominance 3. Ocean Fertilization 4. Sedimentation COLUMN 2 A. Hinders photosynthesis of symbiotic algae in corals B. Increases population of carbon-absorbing plankton C. Results from expulsion of symbiotic algae from corals D. May reduce fish populations and carbon absorption Select the option with correct matching pairs below. a) 1-C, 2-D, 3-A, 4-B b) 1-A, 2-B, 3-D, 4-C c) 1-C, 2-D, 3-B, 4-A d) 1-B, 2-A, 3-C, 4-D Correct Solution: c) Coral Bleaching: Coral bleaching occurs when corals expel their symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) due to stress, such as rising sea temperatures, leading to a loss of color and essential nutrients. Prokaryote Dominance: An increase in the dominance of prokaryotes (such as bacteria) in marine ecosystems can disrupt the food chain, reduce fish populations, and impair the ocean’s carbon absorption capacity. Ocean Fertilization: This process refers to the intentional addition of nutrients to the ocean to boost the population of carbon-absorbing plankton, potentially helping mitigate climate change. Sedimentation: Sedimentation, caused by activities such as deforestation and coastal development, increases the turbidity of water, reducing light penetration and hindering photosynthesis in symbiotic algae within corals. Incorrect Solution: c) Coral Bleaching: Coral bleaching occurs when corals expel their symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) due to stress, such as rising sea temperatures, leading to a loss of color and essential nutrients. Prokaryote Dominance: An increase in the dominance of prokaryotes (such as bacteria) in marine ecosystems can disrupt the food chain, reduce fish populations, and impair the ocean’s carbon absorption capacity. Ocean Fertilization: This process refers to the intentional addition of nutrients to the ocean to boost the population of carbon-absorbing plankton, potentially helping mitigate climate change. Sedimentation: Sedimentation, caused by activities such as deforestation and coastal development, increases the turbidity of water, reducing light penetration and hindering photosynthesis in symbiotic algae within corals.

#### 1. Question

Match the climate change effects with their corresponding impacts on marine ecosystems: COLUMN 1 1. Coral Bleaching 2. Prokaryote Dominance 3. Ocean Fertilization 4. Sedimentation

COLUMN 2 A. Hinders photosynthesis of symbiotic algae in corals B. Increases population of carbon-absorbing plankton C. Results from expulsion of symbiotic algae from corals D. May reduce fish populations and carbon absorption

Select the option with correct matching pairs below.

• a) 1-C, 2-D, 3-A, 4-B

• b) 1-A, 2-B, 3-D, 4-C

• c) 1-C, 2-D, 3-B, 4-A

• d) 1-B, 2-A, 3-C, 4-D

Solution: c)

Coral Bleaching: Coral bleaching occurs when corals expel their symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) due to stress, such as rising sea temperatures, leading to a loss of color and essential nutrients.

Prokaryote Dominance: An increase in the dominance of prokaryotes (such as bacteria) in marine ecosystems can disrupt the food chain, reduce fish populations, and impair the ocean’s carbon absorption capacity.

Ocean Fertilization: This process refers to the intentional addition of nutrients to the ocean to boost the population of carbon-absorbing plankton, potentially helping mitigate climate change.

Sedimentation: Sedimentation, caused by activities such as deforestation and coastal development, increases the turbidity of water, reducing light penetration and hindering photosynthesis in symbiotic algae within corals.

Solution: c)

Coral Bleaching: Coral bleaching occurs when corals expel their symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) due to stress, such as rising sea temperatures, leading to a loss of color and essential nutrients.

Ocean Fertilization: This process refers to the intentional addition of nutrients to the ocean to boost the population of carbon-absorbing plankton, potentially helping mitigate climate change.

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Teal carbon refers to carbon stored in which of the following ecosystems? a) Grasslands and savannas b) Tropical rainforests c) Freshwater wetlands d) Mangroves and coastal wetlands Correct Solution: c) Teal carbon refers specifically to the carbon stored in non-tidal freshwater wetlands, including the carbon sequestered in vegetation, microbial biomass, and organic matter accumulated in wetland soils. These ecosystems play a crucial role in carbon storage and climate change mitigation by acting as significant sinks for greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄). Freshwater wetlands regulate the greenhouse gas flux by trapping organic carbon in anaerobic soil conditions, which slow decomposition rates and allow carbon accumulation over time. This distinguishes them from coastal ecosystems like mangroves, which are associated with blue carbon, and terrestrial ecosystems like tropical rainforests or grasslands, which store carbon in different contexts. Incorrect Solution: c) Teal carbon refers specifically to the carbon stored in non-tidal freshwater wetlands, including the carbon sequestered in vegetation, microbial biomass, and organic matter accumulated in wetland soils. These ecosystems play a crucial role in carbon storage and climate change mitigation by acting as significant sinks for greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄). Freshwater wetlands regulate the greenhouse gas flux by trapping organic carbon in anaerobic soil conditions, which slow decomposition rates and allow carbon accumulation over time. This distinguishes them from coastal ecosystems like mangroves, which are associated with blue carbon, and terrestrial ecosystems like tropical rainforests or grasslands, which store carbon in different contexts.

#### 2. Question

Teal carbon refers to carbon stored in which of the following ecosystems?

• a) Grasslands and savannas

• b) Tropical rainforests

• c) Freshwater wetlands

• d) Mangroves and coastal wetlands

Solution: c)

Teal carbon refers specifically to the carbon stored in non-tidal freshwater wetlands, including the carbon sequestered in vegetation, microbial biomass, and organic matter accumulated in wetland soils. These ecosystems play a crucial role in carbon storage and climate change mitigation by acting as significant sinks for greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄).

Freshwater wetlands regulate the greenhouse gas flux by trapping organic carbon in anaerobic soil conditions, which slow decomposition rates and allow carbon accumulation over time. This distinguishes them from coastal ecosystems like mangroves, which are associated with blue carbon, and terrestrial ecosystems like tropical rainforests or grasslands, which store carbon in different contexts.

Solution: c)

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Match the wetlands with their characteristics: COLUMN 1 1. Chilika Lake 2. Loktak Lake 3. Kanwar Lake 4. Vembanad Kole Wetland COLUMN 2 A. Located in Kerala B. First Indian Ramsar site C. Part of Central Asian Flyway D. Wetland of international importance Select the option with correct matching pairs below. a) 1-B, 2-D, 3-C, 4-A b) 1-C, 2-A, 3-D, 4-B c) 1-D, 2-B, 3-A, 4-C d) 1-A, 2-C, 3-B, 4-D Correct Solution: a) Chilika Lake, located in Odisha, was the first wetland in India to be designated as a Ramsar site in 1981 due to its ecological significance. Loktak Lake in Manipur is a wetland of international importance under the Ramsar Convention. It is also famous for its phumdis (floating vegetation). Kanwar Lake in Bihar is part of the Central Asian Flyway and serves as an important stopover for migratory birds. The Vembanad Kole Wetland, located in Kerala, is the largest wetland ecosystem in the state and supports extensive biodiversity. Incorrect Solution: a) Chilika Lake, located in Odisha, was the first wetland in India to be designated as a Ramsar site in 1981 due to its ecological significance. Loktak Lake in Manipur is a wetland of international importance under the Ramsar Convention. It is also famous for its phumdis (floating vegetation). Kanwar Lake in Bihar is part of the Central Asian Flyway and serves as an important stopover for migratory birds. The Vembanad Kole Wetland, located in Kerala, is the largest wetland ecosystem in the state and supports extensive biodiversity.

#### 3. Question

Match the wetlands with their characteristics: COLUMN 1 1. Chilika Lake 2. Loktak Lake 3. Kanwar Lake 4. Vembanad Kole Wetland

COLUMN 2 A. Located in Kerala B. First Indian Ramsar site C. Part of Central Asian Flyway D. Wetland of international importance

Select the option with correct matching pairs below.

• a) 1-B, 2-D, 3-C, 4-A

• b) 1-C, 2-A, 3-D, 4-B

• c) 1-D, 2-B, 3-A, 4-C

• d) 1-A, 2-C, 3-B, 4-D

• Solution: a)

Chilika Lake, located in Odisha, was the first wetland in India to be designated as a Ramsar site in 1981 due to its ecological significance.

Loktak Lake in Manipur is a wetland of international importance under the Ramsar Convention. It is also famous for its phumdis (floating vegetation).

Kanwar Lake in Bihar is part of the Central Asian Flyway and serves as an important stopover for migratory birds.

The Vembanad Kole Wetland, located in Kerala, is the largest wetland ecosystem in the state and supports extensive biodiversity.

• Solution: a)

Chilika Lake, located in Odisha, was the first wetland in India to be designated as a Ramsar site in 1981 due to its ecological significance.

Loktak Lake in Manipur is a wetland of international importance under the Ramsar Convention. It is also famous for its phumdis (floating vegetation).

Kanwar Lake in Bihar is part of the Central Asian Flyway and serves as an important stopover for migratory birds.

The Vembanad Kole Wetland, located in Kerala, is the largest wetland ecosystem in the state and supports extensive biodiversity.

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Consider the following statements. The Kole wetland is located in Kerala. The Kole wetland is an internationally important Ramsar site known for its high biodiversity. Cabomba furcuta also known as Pink Bloom is an invasive alien plant species, causing threat to Kole wetland. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: c) The Kole wetlands in Kerala, an internationally important Ramsar site known for its high biodiversity, are facing a new threat from an invasive alien plant species called Cabomba furcuta, also known as Pink Bloom. This species, originating from Central and South America, has been introduced to Kerala as an aquarium plant and has now become a menace to the Kole fields, alongside existing threats like water hyacinth and Salvinia molesta. Incorrect Solution: c) The Kole wetlands in Kerala, an internationally important Ramsar site known for its high biodiversity, are facing a new threat from an invasive alien plant species called Cabomba furcuta, also known as Pink Bloom. This species, originating from Central and South America, has been introduced to Kerala as an aquarium plant and has now become a menace to the Kole fields, alongside existing threats like water hyacinth and Salvinia molesta.

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements.

• The Kole wetland is located in Kerala.

• The Kole wetland is an internationally important Ramsar site known for its high biodiversity.

• Cabomba furcuta also known as Pink Bloom is an invasive alien plant species, causing threat to Kole wetland.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: c)

The Kole wetlands in Kerala, an internationally important Ramsar site known for its high biodiversity, are facing a new threat from an invasive alien plant species called Cabomba furcuta, also known as Pink Bloom.

This species, originating from Central and South America, has been introduced to Kerala as an aquarium plant and has now become a menace to the Kole fields, alongside existing threats like water hyacinth and Salvinia molesta.

Solution: c)

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Consider the following statements regarding Coral Reef Breakthrough. Coral Reef Breakthrough is the initiative of UN Environment. The initiative aims to safeguard at least 125,000 square kilometres of shallow-water tropical coral reefs by 2030. It also focuses on doubling the area of coral reefs under effective protection. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect. The International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI), in collaboration with the Global Fund for Coral Reefs (GFCR) and the High-Level Climate Champions (HLCC), launched the Coral Reef Breakthrough. This initiative aims to safeguard at least 125,000 square kilometres of shallow-water tropical coral reefs by 2030 through investments of at least US$12 billion. The Coral Reef Breakthrough will focus on four action points: Mitigating local drivers of loss, including land-based pollution, coastal development, and overfishing. Doubling the area of coral reefs under effective protection by aligning with global coastal protection targets. Accelerating restoration efforts to impact 30% of degraded reefs by 2030. Securing investments of at least USD 12 billion by 2030 from public and private sources to conserve and restore coral ecosystems. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect. The International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI), in collaboration with the Global Fund for Coral Reefs (GFCR) and the High-Level Climate Champions (HLCC), launched the Coral Reef Breakthrough. This initiative aims to safeguard at least 125,000 square kilometres of shallow-water tropical coral reefs by 2030 through investments of at least US$12 billion. The Coral Reef Breakthrough will focus on four action points: Mitigating local drivers of loss, including land-based pollution, coastal development, and overfishing. Doubling the area of coral reefs under effective protection by aligning with global coastal protection targets. Accelerating restoration efforts to impact 30% of degraded reefs by 2030. Securing investments of at least USD 12 billion by 2030 from public and private sources to conserve and restore coral ecosystems.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Coral Reef Breakthrough.

• Coral Reef Breakthrough is the initiative of UN Environment.

• The initiative aims to safeguard at least 125,000 square kilometres of shallow-water tropical coral reefs by 2030.

• It also focuses on doubling the area of coral reefs under effective protection.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is incorrect.

The International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI), in collaboration with the Global Fund for Coral Reefs (GFCR) and the High-Level Climate Champions (HLCC), launched the Coral Reef Breakthrough.

This initiative aims to safeguard at least 125,000 square kilometres of shallow-water tropical coral reefs by 2030 through investments of at least US$12 billion.

The Coral Reef Breakthrough will focus on four action points:

• Mitigating local drivers of loss, including land-based pollution, coastal development, and overfishing.

• Doubling the area of coral reefs under effective protection by aligning with global coastal protection targets.

• Accelerating restoration efforts to impact 30% of degraded reefs by 2030.

• Securing investments of at least USD 12 billion by 2030 from public and private sources to conserve and restore coral ecosystems.

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is incorrect.

The International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI), in collaboration with the Global Fund for Coral Reefs (GFCR) and the High-Level Climate Champions (HLCC), launched the Coral Reef Breakthrough.

This initiative aims to safeguard at least 125,000 square kilometres of shallow-water tropical coral reefs by 2030 through investments of at least US$12 billion.

The Coral Reef Breakthrough will focus on four action points:

• Mitigating local drivers of loss, including land-based pollution, coastal development, and overfishing.

• Doubling the area of coral reefs under effective protection by aligning with global coastal protection targets.

• Accelerating restoration efforts to impact 30% of degraded reefs by 2030.

• Securing investments of at least USD 12 billion by 2030 from public and private sources to conserve and restore coral ecosystems.

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