UPSC Static Quiz – Environment : 14 June 2025

UPSC Static Quiz – Environment : 14 June 2025 We will post 5 questions daily on static topics mentioned in the UPSC civil services preliminary examination syllabus. Each week will focus on a specific topic from the syllabus, such as History of India and Indian National Movement, Indian and World Geography, and more.We are excited to bring you our daily UPSC Static Quiz, designed to help you prepare for the UPSC Civil Services Preliminary Examination. Each day, we will post 5 questions on static topics mentioned in the UPSC syllabus. This week, we are focusing on Indian and World Geography.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Which of the following materials can be used as feedstock for producing Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)? Agricultural residues Corn grain Wastewater treatment sludge Wood mill waste How many of the above options is/are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) Only three (d) All four Correct Solution: d) All four materials listed can be used as feedstock for producing Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF). Agricultural residues (like straw, corn stover) are lignocellulosic biomass that can be converted to SAF through various pathways. Corn grain can be fermented to produce ethanol, which can then be further processed into SAF (alcohol-to-jet pathway). Wastewater treatment sludge can be processed (e.g., through anaerobic digestion to produce biogas, or hydrothermal liquefaction) to create precursors for SAF. Wood mill waste (like sawdust, wood chips) is another form of lignocellulosic biomass suitable for SAF production. Incorrect Solution: d) All four materials listed can be used as feedstock for producing Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF). Agricultural residues (like straw, corn stover) are lignocellulosic biomass that can be converted to SAF through various pathways. Corn grain can be fermented to produce ethanol, which can then be further processed into SAF (alcohol-to-jet pathway). Wastewater treatment sludge can be processed (e.g., through anaerobic digestion to produce biogas, or hydrothermal liquefaction) to create precursors for SAF. Wood mill waste (like sawdust, wood chips) is another form of lignocellulosic biomass suitable for SAF production.

#### 1. Question

Which of the following materials can be used as feedstock for producing Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)?

• Agricultural residues

• Corn grain

• Wastewater treatment sludge

• Wood mill waste

How many of the above options is/are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) Only three

• (d) All four

Solution: d)

All four materials listed can be used as feedstock for producing Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF).

• Agricultural residues (like straw, corn stover) are lignocellulosic biomass that can be converted to SAF through various pathways.

• Corn grain can be fermented to produce ethanol, which can then be further processed into SAF (alcohol-to-jet pathway).

• Wastewater treatment sludge can be processed (e.g., through anaerobic digestion to produce biogas, or hydrothermal liquefaction) to create precursors for SAF.

• Wood mill waste (like sawdust, wood chips) is another form of lignocellulosic biomass suitable for SAF production.

Solution: d)

All four materials listed can be used as feedstock for producing Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF).

• Agricultural residues (like straw, corn stover) are lignocellulosic biomass that can be converted to SAF through various pathways.

• Corn grain can be fermented to produce ethanol, which can then be further processed into SAF (alcohol-to-jet pathway).

• Wastewater treatment sludge can be processed (e.g., through anaerobic digestion to produce biogas, or hydrothermal liquefaction) to create precursors for SAF.

• Wood mill waste (like sawdust, wood chips) is another form of lignocellulosic biomass suitable for SAF production.

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Consider the following statements. Statement-I: Many chewing gums available in the market contribute to environmental pollution primarily due to their non-biodegradable packaging materials. Statement-II: The gum base used in many chewing gums often contains synthetic polymers similar to plastics, making the discarded gum itself persistent in the environment. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct Correct Solution: d) Statement-I is incorrect. While packaging materials can contribute to pollution, the primary reason many chewing gums are considered an environmental pollutant is the nature of the gum base itself, not just the packaging. The statement incorrectly attributes the primary pollution source to packaging. Statement-II is correct. Many modern chewing gums use a gum base made from synthetic polymers (plastic-like substances such as polyisobutylene or polyvinyl acetate). These polymers are not biodegradable and make the discarded gum persistent in the environment, leading to litter and pollution issues. Incorrect Solution: d) Statement-I is incorrect. While packaging materials can contribute to pollution, the primary reason many chewing gums are considered an environmental pollutant is the nature of the gum base itself, not just the packaging. The statement incorrectly attributes the primary pollution source to packaging. Statement-II is correct. Many modern chewing gums use a gum base made from synthetic polymers (plastic-like substances such as polyisobutylene or polyvinyl acetate). These polymers are not biodegradable and make the discarded gum persistent in the environment, leading to litter and pollution issues.

#### 2. Question

Consider the following statements.

Statement-I: Many chewing gums available in the market contribute to environmental pollution primarily due to their non-biodegradable packaging materials.

Statement-II: The gum base used in many chewing gums often contains synthetic polymers similar to plastics, making the discarded gum itself persistent in the environment.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I

• (c) Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect

• (d) Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct

Solution: d)

Statement-I is incorrect. While packaging materials can contribute to pollution, the primary reason many chewing gums are considered an environmental pollutant is the nature of the gum base itself, not just the packaging. The statement incorrectly attributes the primary pollution source to packaging.

Statement-II is correct. Many modern chewing gums use a gum base made from synthetic polymers (plastic-like substances such as polyisobutylene or polyvinyl acetate). These polymers are not biodegradable and make the discarded gum persistent in the environment, leading to litter and pollution issues.

Solution: d)

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists: List-I (Environmental Convention/Agreement) List-II (Primary Focus) A. Ramsar Convention 1. Hazardous Waste B. Basel Convention 2. Wetlands C. Stockholm Convention 3. Migratory Species D. Bonn Convention (CMS) 4. Persistent Organic Pollutants Select the correct answer code: a) A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3 b) A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4 c) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4 d) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3 Correct Solution: d) Ramsar Convention: Focuses on the conservation and wise use of Wetlands (2). Basel Convention: Deals with the control of transboundary movements of Hazardous Waste and their disposal (1). Stockholm Convention: Aims to eliminate or restrict the production and use of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) (4). D. Bonn Convention (Convention on Migratory Species – CMS): Concerned with the conservation of Migratory Species (3) and promotes the conservation and sustainable use of migratory animals across their range. Incorrect Solution: d) Ramsar Convention: Focuses on the conservation and wise use of Wetlands (2). Basel Convention: Deals with the control of transboundary movements of Hazardous Waste and their disposal (1). Stockholm Convention: Aims to eliminate or restrict the production and use of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) (4). D. Bonn Convention (Convention on Migratory Species – CMS): Concerned with the conservation of Migratory Species (3) and promotes the conservation and sustainable use of migratory animals across their range.

#### 3. Question

Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists:

List-I (Environmental Convention/Agreement) | List-II (Primary Focus)

A. Ramsar Convention | 1. Hazardous Waste

B. Basel Convention | 2. Wetlands

C. Stockholm Convention | 3. Migratory Species

D. Bonn Convention (CMS) | 4. Persistent Organic Pollutants

Select the correct answer code:

• a) A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3

• b) A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4

• c) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4

• d) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

Solution: d)

• Ramsar Convention: Focuses on the conservation and wise use of Wetlands (2).

• Basel Convention: Deals with the control of transboundary movements of Hazardous Waste and their disposal (1).

• Stockholm Convention: Aims to eliminate or restrict the production and use of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) (4).

D. Bonn Convention (Convention on Migratory Species – CMS): Concerned with the conservation of Migratory Species (3) and promotes the conservation and sustainable use of migratory animals across their range.

Solution: d)

• Ramsar Convention: Focuses on the conservation and wise use of Wetlands (2).

• Basel Convention: Deals with the control of transboundary movements of Hazardous Waste and their disposal (1).

• Stockholm Convention: Aims to eliminate or restrict the production and use of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) (4).

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Consider the following statements regarding the Environment Protection (End-of-Life Vehicles) Rules, 2025: These rules exclusively apply to commercial vehicles and exclude private passenger vehicles from their ambit. A centralized online portal is mandated for registration, filing returns, and tracking activities related to end-of-life vehicle management. The rules introduce a mechanism for imposing environmental compensation for non-compliance by producers, bulk consumers, and scrapping facilities. How many of the above statements are correct? (a) Only one (b) Only two (c) All three (d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect. The Environment Protection (End-of-Life Vehicles) Rules, 2025, aim to streamline the disposal, recycling, and management of end-of-life vehicles generally. While specific obligations might differ, they are not stated to exclusively apply to commercial vehicles or exclude private passenger vehicles. The rules outline obligations for producers/vehicle manufacturers, registered owners, bulk consumers, collection centres, registered vehicle scrapping facilities, and automated testing stations, implying a broad scope. Statement 2 is correct. A key feature of these rules is the establishment of a centralized online portal. This portal will facilitate registrations, the filing of returns, the exchange of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) certificates, and maintain a central data repository for tracking all related activities. Statement 3 is correct. The rules explicitly introduce a mechanism for the imposition of environmental compensation for non-compliance. This applies to various stakeholders, including producers, bulk consumers, and scrapping facilities, who are required to register and submit proof of compliance. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 1 is incorrect. The Environment Protection (End-of-Life Vehicles) Rules, 2025, aim to streamline the disposal, recycling, and management of end-of-life vehicles generally. While specific obligations might differ, they are not stated to exclusively apply to commercial vehicles or exclude private passenger vehicles. The rules outline obligations for producers/vehicle manufacturers, registered owners, bulk consumers, collection centres, registered vehicle scrapping facilities, and automated testing stations, implying a broad scope. Statement 2 is correct. A key feature of these rules is the establishment of a centralized online portal. This portal will facilitate registrations, the filing of returns, the exchange of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) certificates, and maintain a central data repository for tracking all related activities. Statement 3 is correct. The rules explicitly introduce a mechanism for the imposition of environmental compensation for non-compliance. This applies to various stakeholders, including producers, bulk consumers, and scrapping facilities, who are required to register and submit proof of compliance.

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the Environment Protection (End-of-Life Vehicles) Rules, 2025:

• These rules exclusively apply to commercial vehicles and exclude private passenger vehicles from their ambit.

• A centralized online portal is mandated for registration, filing returns, and tracking activities related to end-of-life vehicle management.

• The rules introduce a mechanism for imposing environmental compensation for non-compliance by producers, bulk consumers, and scrapping facilities.

How many of the above statements are correct?

• (a) Only one

• (b) Only two

• (c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 1 is incorrect. The Environment Protection (End-of-Life Vehicles) Rules, 2025, aim to streamline the disposal, recycling, and management of end-of-life vehicles generally. While specific obligations might differ, they are not stated to exclusively apply to commercial vehicles or exclude private passenger vehicles. The rules outline obligations for producers/vehicle manufacturers, registered owners, bulk consumers, collection centres, registered vehicle scrapping facilities, and automated testing stations, implying a broad scope.

Statement 2 is correct. A key feature of these rules is the establishment of a centralized online portal. This portal will facilitate registrations, the filing of returns, the exchange of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) certificates, and maintain a central data repository for tracking all related activities.

Statement 3 is correct. The rules explicitly introduce a mechanism for the imposition of environmental compensation for non-compliance. This applies to various stakeholders, including producers, bulk consumers, and scrapping facilities, who are required to register and submit proof of compliance.

Solution: b)

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question According to the Central Pollution Control Board’s (CPCB) revised methodology for classifying industrial sectors based on their pollution potential, which of the following is true? The classification uses a Cumulative Pollution Index (PI) derived from assessing water, air, and waste pollutant scores. A new ‘Blue’ category has been introduced for industries with the highest pollution potential, requiring the strictest environmental safeguards. An incentive mechanism is part of the framework to reward industrial units adopting environmentally friendly practices. Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3 Correct Solution: (b) Statement 1 is correct. The CPCB’s revised methodology classifies industrial sectors based on their pollution potential using a Cumulative Pollution Index (PI). This PI is calculated from a combined assessment of water pollutant, air pollutant, and waste pollutant scores, with each pollutant group receiving a score out of 100. Statement 2 is incorrect. A ‘Blue’ category has been introduced, but it is for Essential Environmental Services (EES) crucial for managing domestic or household waste, not for industries with the highest pollution potential. The ‘Red’ category is for industries with the highest PI (>80). Statement 3 is correct. The updated framework includes an incentive mechanism designed to reward industrial units that adopt environmentally friendly practices, thereby encouraging proactive pollution control and sustainable operations. Incorrect Solution: (b) Statement 1 is correct. The CPCB’s revised methodology classifies industrial sectors based on their pollution potential using a Cumulative Pollution Index (PI). This PI is calculated from a combined assessment of water pollutant, air pollutant, and waste pollutant scores, with each pollutant group receiving a score out of 100. Statement 2 is incorrect. A ‘Blue’ category has been introduced, but it is for Essential Environmental Services (EES) crucial for managing domestic or household waste, not for industries with the highest pollution potential. The ‘Red’ category is for industries with the highest PI (>80). Statement 3 is correct. The updated framework includes an incentive mechanism designed to reward industrial units that adopt environmentally friendly practices, thereby encouraging proactive pollution control and sustainable operations.

#### 5. Question

According to the Central Pollution Control Board’s (CPCB) revised methodology for classifying industrial sectors based on their pollution potential, which of the following is true?

• The classification uses a Cumulative Pollution Index (PI) derived from assessing water, air, and waste pollutant scores.

• A new ‘Blue’ category has been introduced for industries with the highest pollution potential, requiring the strictest environmental safeguards.

• An incentive mechanism is part of the framework to reward industrial units adopting environmentally friendly practices.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

• (a) 1 and 2 only

• (b) 1 and 3 only

• (c) 2 and 3 only

• (d) 1, 2 and 3

Solution: (b)

Statement 1 is correct. The CPCB’s revised methodology classifies industrial sectors based on their pollution potential using a Cumulative Pollution Index (PI). This PI is calculated from a combined assessment of water pollutant, air pollutant, and waste pollutant scores, with each pollutant group receiving a score out of 100.

Statement 2 is incorrect. A ‘Blue’ category has been introduced, but it is for Essential Environmental Services (EES) crucial for managing domestic or household waste, not for industries with the highest pollution potential. The ‘Red’ category is for industries with the highest PI (>80).

Statement 3 is correct. The updated framework includes an incentive mechanism designed to reward industrial units that adopt environmentally friendly practices, thereby encouraging proactive pollution control and sustainable operations.

Solution: (b)

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