UPSC STATIC QUIZ – Art and Culture : 18 May 2024

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We will post 5 questions daily on static topics mentioned in the UPSC civil services preliminary examination syllabus. Each week will focus on a specific topic from the syllabus, such as History of India and Indian National Movement, Indian and World Geography, and more.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Consider the following statements regarding the development of architecture during Mughal period. Use of red sandstone is the chief feature of architecture during Akbar’s time. Humayun’s tomb is an example for Charbagh style. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: c) The chief feature of the architecture of Akbar’s time was the use of red sandstone. Humayun’s garden-tomb is an example of the charbagh (a four quadrant garden with the four rivers of Quranic paradise represented), with pools joined by channels. Incorrect Solution: c) The chief feature of the architecture of Akbar’s time was the use of red sandstone. Humayun’s garden-tomb is an example of the charbagh (a four quadrant garden with the four rivers of Quranic paradise represented), with pools joined by channels.

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements regarding the development of architecture during Mughal period.

• Use of red sandstone is the chief feature of architecture during Akbar’s time.

• Humayun’s tomb is an example for Charbagh style.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• c) Both 1 and 2

• d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: c)

The chief feature of the architecture of Akbar’s time was the use of red sandstone.

Humayun’s garden-tomb is an example of the charbagh (a four quadrant garden with the four rivers of Quranic paradise represented), with pools joined by channels.

Solution: c)

The chief feature of the architecture of Akbar’s time was the use of red sandstone.

Humayun’s garden-tomb is an example of the charbagh (a four quadrant garden with the four rivers of Quranic paradise represented), with pools joined by channels.

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Which of the following famous images/sculpture are likely to be found in Ajanta caves? Padmapani and Vajrapani Shiva slaying Andhaka and Wedding of Shiva Mahaparinirvana of Buddha Trimurti, Gangadhara and Ardhanarishvara How many of the above options is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) Only three d) All four Correct Solution: b) Option 1 and 3 is correct. Statement 1: Seated Buddha in Dharmachakrapravartana mudra is notable sculpture while the notable paintings include Padmapani and Vajrapani. Statement 3: Mahaparinirvana of Buddha on the right aisle wall and the assault of Mara during Buddha’s penance adorns the same wall. The Mahaparinirvana of the Buddha is when he finally achieves release from the mortal world. Statement 2 and 4: These are found in Elephanta caves. Described as a “masterpiece of Gupta-Chalukyan art”, the most important sculpture in the Elephanta caves is the Trimurti. The carved panel facing this one is a two-level depiction of Ravana lifting Kailash. Differential weathering refers to the process by which different types of rocks weather at different rates due to their varying compositions, structures, and resistances to weathering agent This leads to the development of diverse and often striking landforms as some rocks are worn away faster than others. This process can occur in any climate and involves all types of weathering mechanisms (chemical, physical, and biological). Hence, option (b) is correct. Incorrect Solution: b) Option 1 and 3 is correct. Statement 1: Seated Buddha in Dharmachakrapravartana mudra is notable sculpture while the notable paintings include Padmapani and Vajrapani. Statement 3: Mahaparinirvana of Buddha on the right aisle wall and the assault of Mara during Buddha’s penance adorns the same wall. The Mahaparinirvana of the Buddha is when he finally achieves release from the mortal world. Statement 2 and 4: These are found in Elephanta caves. Described as a “masterpiece of Gupta-Chalukyan art”, the most important sculpture in the Elephanta caves is the Trimurti. The carved panel facing this one is a two-level depiction of Ravana lifting Kailash.

#### 2. Question

Which of the following famous images/sculpture are likely to be found in Ajanta caves?

• Padmapani and Vajrapani

• Shiva slaying Andhaka and Wedding of Shiva

• Mahaparinirvana of Buddha

• Trimurti, Gangadhara and Ardhanarishvara

How many of the above options is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) Only three

• d) All four

Solution: b)

Option 1 and 3 is correct.

Statement 1: Seated Buddha in Dharmachakrapravartana mudra is notable sculpture while the notable paintings include Padmapani and Vajrapani.

Statement 3: Mahaparinirvana of Buddha on the right aisle wall and the assault of Mara during Buddha’s penance adorns the same wall. The Mahaparinirvana of the Buddha is when he finally achieves release from the mortal world.

Statement 2 and 4: These are found in Elephanta caves. Described as a “masterpiece of Gupta-Chalukyan art”, the most important sculpture in the Elephanta caves is the Trimurti. The carved panel facing this one is a two-level depiction of Ravana lifting Kailash.

• Differential weathering refers to the process by which different types of rocks weather at different rates due to their varying compositions, structures, and resistances to weathering agent This leads to the development of diverse and often striking landforms as some rocks are worn away faster than others. This process can occur in any climate and involves all types of weathering mechanisms (chemical, physical, and biological).

• Hence, option (b) is correct.

Solution: b)

Option 1 and 3 is correct.

Statement 1: Seated Buddha in Dharmachakrapravartana mudra is notable sculpture while the notable paintings include Padmapani and Vajrapani.

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Among the following, the cave site that has Buddhist, Brahmanical and Jain works is? a) Ellora b) Ajanta c) Kanheri d) Badami Correct Solution: a) It is located in Aurangabad District is Ellora. It is located a hundred kilometres from Ajanta and has thirty-two Buddhist, Brahmanical and Jain caves. Locally known as ‘Verul Leni’, the caves are hewn out of the volcanic basaltic formation of Maharasthra, known as ‘Deccan Trap’, Ellora is also world famous for the largest single monolithic excavation in the world, the great Kailasa. It is a unique art-historical site in the country as it has monastries associated with the three religions dating from the fifth century CE onwards to the eleventh century CE. Incorrect Solution: a) It is located in Aurangabad District is Ellora. It is located a hundred kilometres from Ajanta and has thirty-two Buddhist, Brahmanical and Jain caves. Locally known as ‘Verul Leni’, the caves are hewn out of the volcanic basaltic formation of Maharasthra, known as ‘Deccan Trap’, Ellora is also world famous for the largest single monolithic excavation in the world, the great Kailasa. It is a unique art-historical site in the country as it has monastries associated with the three religions dating from the fifth century CE onwards to the eleventh century CE.

#### 3. Question

Among the following, the cave site that has Buddhist, Brahmanical and Jain works is?

• c) Kanheri

Solution: a)

It is located in Aurangabad District is Ellora. It is located a hundred kilometres from Ajanta and has thirty-two Buddhist, Brahmanical and Jain caves.

Locally known as ‘Verul Leni’, the caves are hewn out of the volcanic basaltic formation of Maharasthra, known as ‘Deccan Trap’,

Ellora is also world famous for the largest single monolithic excavation in the world, the great Kailasa.

It is a unique art-historical site in the country as it has monastries associated with the three religions dating from the fifth century CE onwards to the eleventh century CE.

Solution: a)

It is located in Aurangabad District is Ellora. It is located a hundred kilometres from Ajanta and has thirty-two Buddhist, Brahmanical and Jain caves.

Locally known as ‘Verul Leni’, the caves are hewn out of the volcanic basaltic formation of Maharasthra, known as ‘Deccan Trap’,

Ellora is also world famous for the largest single monolithic excavation in the world, the great Kailasa.

It is a unique art-historical site in the country as it has monastries associated with the three religions dating from the fifth century CE onwards to the eleventh century CE.

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Consider the following statements regarding Cave architecture Rock cut architecture started to develop during Chandra Gupta Maurya Period. Ajanta caves depicted the incidents from the life of the Buddha. Kailasha temple was commissioned by Dantidurga. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: a) Only Statement 2 is correct. In the 3rd century BCE Indian rock-cut architecture began to develop, starting with the already highly sophisticated and state-sponsored Barabar caves in Bihar, personally dedicated by Ashoka circa 250 BCE. Ajanta caves: The caves depict a large number of incidents from the life of the Buddha (Jataka Tales). Cave number one contains wall frescos that include two great Bodhisattvas, Padmapani and Avalokiteshvara. The Kailash Temple was created through a single, huge top-down excavation 100 feet deep down into the volcanic basaltic cliff rock. It was commissioned in the 8th century by King Krishna I and took more than 100 years to complete. Incorrect Solution: a) Only Statement 2 is correct. In the 3rd century BCE Indian rock-cut architecture began to develop, starting with the already highly sophisticated and state-sponsored Barabar caves in Bihar, personally dedicated by Ashoka circa 250 BCE. Ajanta caves: The caves depict a large number of incidents from the life of the Buddha (Jataka Tales). Cave number one contains wall frescos that include two great Bodhisattvas, Padmapani and Avalokiteshvara. The Kailash Temple was created through a single, huge top-down excavation 100 feet deep down into the volcanic basaltic cliff rock. It was commissioned in the 8th century by King Krishna I and took more than 100 years to complete.

#### 4. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Cave architecture

• Rock cut architecture started to develop during Chandra Gupta Maurya Period.

• Ajanta caves depicted the incidents from the life of the Buddha.

• Kailasha temple was commissioned by Dantidurga.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: a)

Only Statement 2 is correct.

In the 3rd century BCE Indian rock-cut architecture began to develop, starting with the already highly sophisticated and state-sponsored Barabar caves in Bihar, personally dedicated by Ashoka circa 250 BCE.

Ajanta caves: The caves depict a large number of incidents from the life of the Buddha (Jataka Tales). Cave number one contains wall frescos that include two great Bodhisattvas, Padmapani and Avalokiteshvara.

The Kailash Temple was created through a single, huge top-down excavation 100 feet deep down into the volcanic basaltic cliff rock. It was commissioned in the 8th century by King Krishna I and took more than 100 years to complete.

Solution: a)

Only Statement 2 is correct.

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question The triple headed rockcut Shiva, Maheshamurti, can be found on the island of a) Malova b) Ellora c) Elephanta d) Ajanta Correct Solution: c) Described as a “masterpiece of Gupta-Chalukyan art”, the most important sculpture in the caves is the Trimurti, carved in relief at the back of the cave facing the entrance, on the north-south axis. It is also known as Trimurti Sadashiva and Maheshmurti. The image, around 20 ft in height, depicts a three-headed Shiva, representing Panchamukha Shiva. The three heads are said to represent three essential aspects of Shiva: creation, protection, and destruction. Incorrect Solution: c) Described as a “masterpiece of Gupta-Chalukyan art”, the most important sculpture in the caves is the Trimurti, carved in relief at the back of the cave facing the entrance, on the north-south axis. It is also known as Trimurti Sadashiva and Maheshmurti. The image, around 20 ft in height, depicts a three-headed Shiva, representing Panchamukha Shiva. The three heads are said to represent three essential aspects of Shiva: creation, protection, and destruction.

#### 5. Question

The triple headed rockcut Shiva, Maheshamurti, can be found on the island of

• c) Elephanta

Solution: c)

Described as a “masterpiece of Gupta-Chalukyan art”, the most important sculpture in the caves is the Trimurti, carved in relief at the back of the cave facing the entrance, on the north-south axis.

It is also known as Trimurti Sadashiva and Maheshmurti.

The image, around 20 ft in height, depicts a three-headed Shiva, representing Panchamukha Shiva.

The three heads are said to represent three essential aspects of Shiva: creation, protection, and destruction.

Solution: c)

It is also known as Trimurti Sadashiva and Maheshmurti.

The image, around 20 ft in height, depicts a three-headed Shiva, representing Panchamukha Shiva.

The three heads are said to represent three essential aspects of Shiva: creation, protection, and destruction.

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