UPSC STATIC QUIZ – Art and Culture : 13 May 2024

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We will post 5 questions daily on static topics mentioned in the UPSC civil services preliminary examination syllabus. Each week will focus on a specific topic from the syllabus, such as History of India and Indian National Movement, Indian and World Geography, and more.

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question One of the most important buildings in Fatehpur Sikri, it is also known as the “Dream of Stones”: a) Jantar Mantar b) Meenakshi Temple c) Hawa Mahal d) Panch Mahal Correct Solution: d) Meenakshi Temple is in TN. Hawa Mahal is a palace in Jaipur. Jantar Mantar (there are many, but the famous one) is in Delhi. The Panch Mahal is known as the wind catcher tower. It was commissioned by sikarwar rajputs. This is an extraordinary structure employing the design elements of a Buddhist Temple; entirely columnar, consisting of four stories of decreasing size arranged asymmetrically upon the ground floor. Incorrect Solution: d) Meenakshi Temple is in TN. Hawa Mahal is a palace in Jaipur. Jantar Mantar (there are many, but the famous one) is in Delhi. The Panch Mahal is known as the wind catcher tower. It was commissioned by sikarwar rajputs. This is an extraordinary structure employing the design elements of a Buddhist Temple; entirely columnar, consisting of four stories of decreasing size arranged asymmetrically upon the ground floor.

#### 1. Question

One of the most important buildings in Fatehpur Sikri, it is also known as the “Dream of Stones”:

• a) Jantar Mantar

• b) Meenakshi Temple

• c) Hawa Mahal

• d) Panch Mahal

Solution: d)

Meenakshi Temple is in TN.

Hawa Mahal is a palace in Jaipur.

Jantar Mantar (there are many, but the famous one) is in Delhi.

The Panch Mahal is known as the wind catcher tower. It was commissioned by sikarwar rajputs.

This is an extraordinary structure employing the design elements of a Buddhist Temple; entirely columnar, consisting of four stories of decreasing size arranged asymmetrically upon the ground floor.

Solution: d)

Meenakshi Temple is in TN.

Hawa Mahal is a palace in Jaipur.

Jantar Mantar (there are many, but the famous one) is in Delhi.

The Panch Mahal is known as the wind catcher tower. It was commissioned by sikarwar rajputs.

This is an extraordinary structure employing the design elements of a Buddhist Temple; entirely columnar, consisting of four stories of decreasing size arranged asymmetrically upon the ground floor.

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question With reference to art and archaeological history of India, which of the following are associated with the reign of Ashoka? Lomus Rishi caves Udayagiri Caves Rock-cut Elephant at Dhauli Badami Caves How many of the above options is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) Only three d) All four Correct Solution: b) Options 1 and 3 are correct. Lomus Rishi caves: Located in the Barabar and Nagarjuni hills of Jehanabad district in Bihar, this rock-cut cave was carved out as a sanctuary (man made). It was built during the Ashokan period of the Maurya Empire in the 3rd century BC, as part of the sacred architecture of the Ajivikas. Rock-cut Elephant at Dhauli was created during Ashoka’s reign (272-231 BC). It is the earliest Buddhist sculpture of Odisha. Udayagiri Caves: It is a Hindu cave and was made during the Gupta reign. It contains the famous Varaha sculpture. The Badami cave temples are a complex of Hindu and Jain cave temples located in Bagalkot district in northern part of Karnataka, India. The caves are considered an example of Indian rock-cut architecture, especially Badami Chalukya architecture, which dates from the 6th century. Incorrect Solution: b) Options 1 and 3 are correct. Lomus Rishi caves: Located in the Barabar and Nagarjuni hills of Jehanabad district in Bihar, this rock-cut cave was carved out as a sanctuary (man made). It was built during the Ashokan period of the Maurya Empire in the 3rd century BC, as part of the sacred architecture of the Ajivikas. Rock-cut Elephant at Dhauli was created during Ashoka’s reign (272-231 BC). It is the earliest Buddhist sculpture of Odisha. Udayagiri Caves: It is a Hindu cave and was made during the Gupta reign. It contains the famous Varaha sculpture. The Badami cave temples are a complex of Hindu and Jain cave temples located in Bagalkot district in northern part of Karnataka, India. The caves are considered an example of Indian rock-cut architecture, especially Badami Chalukya architecture, which dates from the 6th century.

#### 2. Question

With reference to art and archaeological history of India, which of the following are associated with the reign of Ashoka?

• Lomus Rishi caves

• Udayagiri Caves

• Rock-cut Elephant at Dhauli

• Badami Caves

How many of the above options is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) Only three

• d) All four

Solution: b)

Options 1 and 3 are correct.

Lomus Rishi caves: Located in the Barabar and Nagarjuni hills of Jehanabad district in Bihar, this rock-cut cave was carved out as a sanctuary (man made). It was built during the Ashokan period of the Maurya Empire in the 3rd century BC, as part of the sacred architecture of the Ajivikas.

Rock-cut Elephant at Dhauli was created during Ashoka’s reign (272-231 BC). It is the earliest Buddhist sculpture of Odisha.

Udayagiri Caves: It is a Hindu cave and was made during the Gupta reign. It contains the famous Varaha sculpture.

The Badami cave temples are a complex of Hindu and Jain cave temples located in Bagalkot district in northern part of Karnataka, India. The caves are considered an example of Indian rock-cut architecture, especially Badami Chalukya architecture, which dates from the 6th century.

Solution: b)

Options 1 and 3 are correct.

Rock-cut Elephant at Dhauli was created during Ashoka’s reign (272-231 BC). It is the earliest Buddhist sculpture of Odisha.

Udayagiri Caves: It is a Hindu cave and was made during the Gupta reign. It contains the famous Varaha sculpture.

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Consider the following statements regarding Virupaksha temple, Hampi. It was constructed during the reign of the Vijayanagar empire. The temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva. It is situated on the banks of Varaha River. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: b) Statement 3 is incorrect. Virupaksha Temple is located in Hampi in the Ballari district of Karnataka, India. It is part of the Group of Monuments at Hampi, designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The temple was built by Lakkan Dandesha, a nayaka (chieftain) under the ruler Deva Raya II also known as Prauda Deva Raya of the Vijayanagara Empire. Hampi, capital of the Vijayanagara empire, sits on the banks of the Tungabhadra River. The temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva, known here as Virupaksha, as the consort of the local goddess Pampadevi who is associated with the Tungabhadra River. Incorrect Solution: b) Statement 3 is incorrect. Virupaksha Temple is located in Hampi in the Ballari district of Karnataka, India. It is part of the Group of Monuments at Hampi, designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The temple was built by Lakkan Dandesha, a nayaka (chieftain) under the ruler Deva Raya II also known as Prauda Deva Raya of the Vijayanagara Empire. Hampi, capital of the Vijayanagara empire, sits on the banks of the Tungabhadra River. The temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva, known here as Virupaksha, as the consort of the local goddess Pampadevi who is associated with the Tungabhadra River.

#### 3. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Virupaksha temple, Hampi.

• It was constructed during the reign of the Vijayanagar empire.

• The temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva.

• It is situated on the banks of Varaha River.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: b)

Statement 3 is incorrect.

Virupaksha Temple is located in Hampi in the Ballari district of Karnataka, India. It is part of the Group of Monuments at Hampi, designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The temple was built by Lakkan Dandesha, a nayaka (chieftain) under the ruler Deva Raya II also known as Prauda Deva Raya of the Vijayanagara Empire.

Hampi, capital of the Vijayanagara empire, sits on the banks of the Tungabhadra River.

The temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva, known here as Virupaksha, as the consort of the local goddess Pampadevi who is associated with the Tungabhadra River.

Solution: b)

Statement 3 is incorrect.

Hampi, capital of the Vijayanagara empire, sits on the banks of the Tungabhadra River.

The temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva, known here as Virupaksha, as the consort of the local goddess Pampadevi who is associated with the Tungabhadra River.

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Khajuraho Temples were built in a) The Age of Wanderers by Eastern Ganga dynasty b) Medieval India by Chandella rulers c) The Iron age by Pala rulers d) Ancient India by Gupta rulers Correct Solution: b) These temples were built by the Chandella ruler between AD 900 and 1130. They are world-wide known for their erotic sculptures. The first recorded mention of the Khajuraho temples is in the accounts of Abu Rihan al Biruni in AD 1022 and the Arab traveler Ibn Battuta in AD 1335. The Khajuraho group of temples were built together but were dedicated to two religions, Hinduism and Jainism, suggesting a tradition of acceptance and respect for diverse religious views among Hindus and Jains in the region Incorrect Solution: b) These temples were built by the Chandella ruler between AD 900 and 1130. They are world-wide known for their erotic sculptures. The first recorded mention of the Khajuraho temples is in the accounts of Abu Rihan al Biruni in AD 1022 and the Arab traveler Ibn Battuta in AD 1335. The Khajuraho group of temples were built together but were dedicated to two religions, Hinduism and Jainism, suggesting a tradition of acceptance and respect for diverse religious views among Hindus and Jains in the region

#### 4. Question

Khajuraho Temples were built in

• a) The Age of Wanderers by Eastern Ganga dynasty

• b) Medieval India by Chandella rulers

• c) The Iron age by Pala rulers

• d) Ancient India by Gupta rulers

Solution: b)

These temples were built by the Chandella ruler between AD 900 and 1130.

They are world-wide known for their erotic sculptures. The first recorded mention of the Khajuraho temples is in the accounts of Abu Rihan al Biruni in AD 1022 and the Arab traveler Ibn Battuta in AD 1335.

The Khajuraho group of temples were built together but were dedicated to two religions, Hinduism and Jainism, suggesting a tradition of acceptance and respect for diverse religious views among Hindus and Jains in the region

Solution: b)

These temples were built by the Chandella ruler between AD 900 and 1130.

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Consider the following statements regarding Indo-Islamic architecture in medieval India. They were largely built on donations by people. The arcuate form of construction was completely absent. Indo-Islamic structures were heavily influenced by prevailing sensibilities of Indian architectural and decorative forms. How many of the above statements is/are correct? a) Only one b) Only two c) All three d) None Correct Solution: a) Only Statement 3 is correct. Architectural edifices in the Indian sub-continent, as elsewhere in the world, were constructed by wealthy people. They were, in descending order, rulers and nobles and their families, merchants, merchant guilds, rural elite and devotees of a cult. By the twelfth century India was already familiar with monumental constructions in grandiose settings. Certain techniques and embellishments were prevalent and popular, such as trabeation, brackets, and multiple pillars to support a flat roof or a small shallow dome. While arches were shaped in wood and stone, these were unable to bear the weight of the top structure. Now, however, the arcuate form of construction was introduced gradually in which arches could support the weight of the domes. In spite of the obvious Saracenic, Persian and Turkish influences, Indo-Islamic structures were heavily influenced by prevailing sensibilities of Indian architectural and decorative forms. Incorrect Solution: a) Only Statement 3 is correct. Architectural edifices in the Indian sub-continent, as elsewhere in the world, were constructed by wealthy people. They were, in descending order, rulers and nobles and their families, merchants, merchant guilds, rural elite and devotees of a cult. By the twelfth century India was already familiar with monumental constructions in grandiose settings. Certain techniques and embellishments were prevalent and popular, such as trabeation, brackets, and multiple pillars to support a flat roof or a small shallow dome. While arches were shaped in wood and stone, these were unable to bear the weight of the top structure. Now, however, the arcuate form of construction was introduced gradually in which arches could support the weight of the domes. In spite of the obvious Saracenic, Persian and Turkish influences, Indo-Islamic structures were heavily influenced by prevailing sensibilities of Indian architectural and decorative forms.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following statements regarding Indo-Islamic architecture in medieval India.

• They were largely built on donations by people.

• The arcuate form of construction was completely absent.

• Indo-Islamic structures were heavily influenced by prevailing sensibilities of Indian architectural and decorative forms.

How many of the above statements is/are correct?

• a) Only one

• b) Only two

• c) All three

Solution: a)

Only Statement 3 is correct.

Architectural edifices in the Indian sub-continent, as elsewhere in the world, were constructed by wealthy people. They were, in descending order, rulers and nobles and their families, merchants, merchant guilds, rural elite and devotees of a cult.

By the twelfth century India was already familiar with monumental constructions in grandiose settings. Certain techniques and embellishments were prevalent and popular, such as trabeation, brackets, and multiple pillars to support a flat roof or a small shallow dome. While arches were shaped in wood and stone, these were unable to bear the weight of the top structure. Now, however, the arcuate form of construction was introduced gradually in which arches could support the weight of the domes.

In spite of the obvious Saracenic, Persian and Turkish influences, Indo-Islamic structures were heavily influenced by prevailing sensibilities of Indian architectural and decorative forms.

Solution: a)

Only Statement 3 is correct.

In spite of the obvious Saracenic, Persian and Turkish influences, Indo-Islamic structures were heavily influenced by prevailing sensibilities of Indian architectural and decorative forms.

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