UPSC Insta–DART (Daily Aptitude and Reasoning Test) 9 Sep 2025

Considering the alarming importance of CSAT in UPSC CSE Prelims exam and with enormous requests we received recently, InsightsIAS has started Daily CSAT Test to ensure students practice CSAT Questions on a daily basis. Regular Practice would help one overcome the fear of CSAT too.We are naming this initiative as Insta– DART – Daily Aptitude and Reasoning Test. We hope you will be able to use DART to hit bull’s eye in CSAT paper and comfortably score 100+ even in the most difficult question paper that UPSC can give you in CSP-2021. Your peace of mind after every step of this exam is very important for us.

Looking forward to your enthusiastic participation (both in sending us questions and solving them on daily basis on this portal).

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question The Compound interest on a certain sum for 2 years is Rs. 1512 and Simple interest is Rs.1440. If the sum is invested such that the SI is Rs. 2592 and the number of years is equal to the rate of interest per annum, then find the rate? (a) 5 % (b) 6 % (c) 7 % (d) 8 % Correct Answer : (b) Explanation: SI for first year = Rs.720 CI-SI = 72 Interest on Rs.720 for 1 year =Rs.72 then R =10% 1440 = (P210)/100 P =7200 7200RR/100 =2592 R =6 Incorrect Answer : (b) Explanation: SI for first year = Rs.720 CI-SI = 72 Interest on Rs.720 for 1 year =Rs.72 then R =10% 1440 = (P210)/100 P =7200 7200RR/100 =2592 R =6

#### 1. Question

The Compound interest on a certain sum for 2 years is Rs. 1512 and Simple interest is Rs.1440. If the sum is invested such that the SI is Rs. 2592 and the number of years is equal to the rate of interest per annum, then find the rate?

Answer : (b)

Explanation:

SI for first year = Rs.720

CI-SI = 72

Interest on Rs.720 for 1 year =Rs.72 then R =10%

1440 = (P210)/100

7200RR/100 =2592

Answer : (b)

Explanation:

SI for first year = Rs.720

CI-SI = 72

Interest on Rs.720 for 1 year =Rs.72 then R =10%

1440 = (P210)/100

7200RR/100 =2592

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question The English alphabet has 5 vowels and 21 consonants. How many words with two different vowels and 2 different consonants can be formed from the alphabet? (a) 50500 (b) 50300 (c) 50450 (d) 50400 Correct Answer: (d) Explanation 2 vowels out of 5 can be selected in 5C2 = 10 ways 2 consonants out of 21 can be selected in 21C2 = 210 ways ∴ The number of selections of 2 vowels and 2 consonants is 10 × 210 = 2100. Now, each of these 2100 selections has 4 letters which can be arranged among themselves in 4P4 = 4 ! = 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 = 24 ways. Therefore, the required number of different words = 2100 × 24 = 50400. Incorrect Answer: (d) Explanation 2 vowels out of 5 can be selected in 5C2 = 10 ways 2 consonants out of 21 can be selected in 21C2 = 210 ways ∴ The number of selections of 2 vowels and 2 consonants is 10 × 210 = 2100. Now, each of these 2100 selections has 4 letters which can be arranged among themselves in 4P4 = 4 ! = 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 = 24 ways. Therefore, the required number of different words = 2100 × 24 = 50400.

#### 2. Question

The English alphabet has 5 vowels and 21 consonants. How many words with two different vowels and 2 different consonants can be formed from the alphabet?

Answer: (d)

Explanation

2 vowels out of 5 can be selected in 5C2 = 10 ways

2 consonants out of 21 can be selected in 21C2 = 210 ways

∴ The number of selections of 2 vowels and 2 consonants is 10 × 210 = 2100.

Now, each of these 2100 selections has 4 letters which can be arranged among themselves in

4P4 = 4 ! = 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 = 24 ways.

Therefore, the required number of different words = 2100 × 24 = 50400.

Answer: (d)

Explanation

2 vowels out of 5 can be selected in 5C2 = 10 ways

2 consonants out of 21 can be selected in 21C2 = 210 ways

∴ The number of selections of 2 vowels and 2 consonants is 10 × 210 = 2100.

Now, each of these 2100 selections has 4 letters which can be arranged among themselves in

4P4 = 4 ! = 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 = 24 ways.

Therefore, the required number of different words = 2100 × 24 = 50400.

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question 7 years ago, Rohan was x times as old as Ramu and Ramu was 2x times as old as Rajesh. If Rohan is 31 years old now, then how old is Ramu? (a) 19 years (b) 12 years (c) 31 years (d) Cannot be determined. Correct Answer: (d) Explanation: Let the age of Rajesh 7 years ago be ‘a’ years. Then, the age of Ramu 7 years ago = 2ax years And the age of Rohan 7 years ago = 2ax2 Age of Rohan at present = 2ax2+ 7 which is also equivalent to 31 as given in the question. So, 2ax2+ 7 = 31 or ax2= 12 Thus, the possible values of x are 1 and 2. If x is 1 then a = 12 and if x is 2 then a = 3. So, ax = 12 or 6. Age of Ramu now = 2ax + 7 = 19 or 31. Incorrect Answer: (d) Explanation: Let the age of Rajesh 7 years ago be ‘a’ years. Then, the age of Ramu 7 years ago = 2ax years And the age of Rohan 7 years ago = 2ax2 Age of Rohan at present = 2ax2+ 7 which is also equivalent to 31 as given in the question. So, 2ax2+ 7 = 31 or ax2= 12 Thus, the possible values of x are 1 and 2. If x is 1 then a = 12 and if x is 2 then a = 3. So, ax = 12 or 6. Age of Ramu now = 2ax + 7 = 19 or 31.

#### 3. Question

7 years ago, Rohan was x times as old as Ramu and Ramu was 2x times as old as Rajesh. If Rohan is 31 years old now, then how old is Ramu?

• (a) 19 years

• (b) 12 years

• (c) 31 years

• (d) Cannot be determined.

Answer: (d)

Explanation:

Let the age of Rajesh 7 years ago be ‘a’ years.

Then, the age of Ramu 7 years ago = 2ax years

And the age of Rohan 7 years ago = 2ax2

Age of Rohan at present = 2ax2+ 7 which is also equivalent to 31 as given in the question.

So, 2ax2+ 7 = 31

or ax2= 12

Thus, the possible values of x are 1 and 2. If x is 1 then a = 12 and if x is 2 then a = 3. So, ax = 12 or 6.

Age of Ramu now = 2ax + 7 = 19 or 31.

Answer: (d)

Explanation:

Let the age of Rajesh 7 years ago be ‘a’ years.

Then, the age of Ramu 7 years ago = 2ax years

And the age of Rohan 7 years ago = 2ax2

Age of Rohan at present = 2ax2+ 7 which is also equivalent to 31 as given in the question.

So, 2ax2+ 7 = 31

or ax2= 12

Thus, the possible values of x are 1 and 2. If x is 1 then a = 12 and if x is 2 then a = 3. So, ax = 12 or 6.

Age of Ramu now = 2ax + 7 = 19 or 31.

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Stoic philosophy, developed in ancient Greece and Rome, teaches that human flourishing depends on aligning one’s will with reason and nature. It distinguishes between what is within our control—our thoughts, actions, and choices—and what is not, such as external events or others’ opinions. By cultivating virtues like wisdom, courage, justice, and temperance, Stoics aim to achieve tranquility regardless of fortune’s changes. This perspective does not promote passivity; rather, it channels effort into self-mastery and moral responsibility, while accepting the inevitability of external hardships. The Stoic sage seeks freedom not through domination of circumstances, but through mastery of the self. Which one of the following statements best reflects the most logical and rational message conveyed by the above passage? (a) Human happiness is determined primarily by controlling external events and avoiding adversity. (b) Stoicism promotes acceptance of fate while focusing on cultivating inner virtues. (c) Moral responsibility is secondary to adapting to changing circumstances in Stoic thought. (d) Stoic philosophy encourages withdrawal from public life to achieve inner peace. Correct Solution: (b) Explanation: Option a is incorrect: Stoicism stresses controlling one’s own will, not external events. Option b is correct: This captures the essence—accepting what cannot be controlled while focusing on inner virtue and self-mastery. Option c is incorrect: Moral responsibility is central, not secondary. Option d is incorrect: While Stoics value inner peace, they do not advocate total withdrawal; engagement with the world is compatible with their philosophy. Incorrect Solution: (b) Explanation: Option a is incorrect: Stoicism stresses controlling one’s own will, not external events. Option b is correct: This captures the essence—accepting what cannot be controlled while focusing on inner virtue and self-mastery. Option c is incorrect: Moral responsibility is central, not secondary. Option d is incorrect: While Stoics value inner peace, they do not advocate total withdrawal; engagement with the world is compatible with their philosophy.

#### 4. Question

Stoic philosophy, developed in ancient Greece and Rome, teaches that human flourishing depends on aligning one’s will with reason and nature. It distinguishes between what is within our control—our thoughts, actions, and choices—and what is not, such as external events or others’ opinions. By cultivating virtues like wisdom, courage, justice, and temperance, Stoics aim to achieve tranquility regardless of fortune’s changes. This perspective does not promote passivity; rather, it channels effort into self-mastery and moral responsibility, while accepting the inevitability of external hardships. The Stoic sage seeks freedom not through domination of circumstances, but through mastery of the self.

Which one of the following statements best reflects the most logical and rational message conveyed by the above passage?

• (a) Human happiness is determined primarily by controlling external events and avoiding adversity.

• (b) Stoicism promotes acceptance of fate while focusing on cultivating inner virtues.

• (c) Moral responsibility is secondary to adapting to changing circumstances in Stoic thought.

• (d) Stoic philosophy encourages withdrawal from public life to achieve inner peace.

Solution: (b)

Explanation: Option a is incorrect: Stoicism stresses controlling one’s own will, not external events. Option b is correct: This captures the essence—accepting what cannot be controlled while focusing on inner virtue and self-mastery. Option c is incorrect: Moral responsibility is central, not secondary. Option d is incorrect: While Stoics value inner peace, they do not advocate total withdrawal; engagement with the world is compatible with their philosophy.

Solution: (b)

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Based on the above passage, the following assumptions have been made: Stoic philosophy considers internal moral cultivation more important than the pursuit of external outcomes. Acceptance of events beyond one’s control leads to greater personal resilience. Which of the assumptions given above is/are valid? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: (c) Explanation: Statement 1 is valid: The passage clearly emphasizes self-mastery, virtue, and focusing on what is within one’s control—internal cultivation over external gain. Statement 2 is valid: Acceptance of uncontrollable events is presented as a path to tranquility, implying enhanced resilience against life’s uncertainties. Incorrect Solution: (c) Explanation: Statement 1 is valid: The passage clearly emphasizes self-mastery, virtue, and focusing on what is within one’s control—internal cultivation over external gain. Statement 2 is valid: Acceptance of uncontrollable events is presented as a path to tranquility, implying enhanced resilience against life’s uncertainties.

#### 5. Question

Based on the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:

• Stoic philosophy considers internal moral cultivation more important than the pursuit of external outcomes.

• Acceptance of events beyond one’s control leads to greater personal resilience.

Which of the assumptions given above is/are valid?

• (a) 1 only

• (b) 2 only

• (c) Both 1 and 2

• (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: (c)

Explanation: Statement 1 is valid: The passage clearly emphasizes self-mastery, virtue, and focusing on what is within one’s control—internal cultivation over external gain. Statement 2 is valid: Acceptance of uncontrollable events is presented as a path to tranquility, implying enhanced resilience against life’s uncertainties.

Solution: (c)

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