UPSC Insta–DART (Daily Aptitude and Reasoning Test) 6 Nov 2025

Considering the alarming importance of CSAT in UPSC CSE Prelims exam and with enormous requests we received recently, InsightsIAS has started Daily CSAT Test to ensure students practice CSAT Questions on a daily basis. Regular Practice would help one overcome the fear of CSAT too.We are naming this initiative as Insta– DART – Daily Aptitude and Reasoning Test. We hope you will be able to use DART to hit bull’s eye in CSAT paper and comfortably score 100+ even in the most difficult question paper that UPSC can give you in CSP-2021. Your peace of mind after every step of this exam is very important for us.

Looking forward to your enthusiastic participation (both in sending us questions and solving them on daily basis on this portal).

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Consider the following statements: I. The cost price of 12 articles is equal to the selling price of 15 articles, so the profit is 25%. II. The selling price of 8 articles is equal to the cost price of 10 articles, so the loss is 20%. Which of the statements are correct? (a) I only (b) II only (c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II Correct Answer: (d) Solution: Statement I: CP of 12 = SP of 15 ⇒ SP of 1 = 12/15 = 0.8 CP ⇒ SP < CP ⇒ loss = 20%, not profit 25%. Hence, statement I is wrong. Statement II: SP of 8 = CP of 10 ⇒ SP of 1 = 10/8 = 1.25 CP ⇒ SP > CP ⇒ profit = 25%, not loss 20%. Hence, statement II also wrong. So, both incorrect Incorrect Answer: (d) Solution: Statement I: CP of 12 = SP of 15 ⇒ SP of 1 = 12/15 = 0.8 CP ⇒ SP < CP ⇒ loss = 20%, not profit 25%. Hence, statement I is wrong. Statement II: SP of 8 = CP of 10 ⇒ SP of 1 = 10/8 = 1.25 CP ⇒ SP > CP ⇒ profit = 25%, not loss 20%. Hence, statement II also wrong. So, both incorrect

#### 1. Question

Consider the following statements: I. The cost price of 12 articles is equal to the selling price of 15 articles, so the profit is 25%. II. The selling price of 8 articles is equal to the cost price of 10 articles, so the loss is 20%.

Which of the statements are correct?

• (a) I only

• (b) II only

• (c) Both I and II

• (d) Neither I nor II

Answer: (d)

Solution: Statement I: CP of 12 = SP of 15 ⇒ SP of 1 = 12/15 = 0.8 CP ⇒ SP < CP ⇒ loss = 20%, not profit 25%. Hence, statement I is wrong.

Statement II: SP of 8 = CP of 10 ⇒ SP of 1 = 10/8 = 1.25 CP ⇒ SP > CP ⇒ profit = 25%, not loss 20%. Hence, statement II also wrong.

So, both incorrect

Answer: (d)

Solution: Statement I: CP of 12 = SP of 15 ⇒ SP of 1 = 12/15 = 0.8 CP ⇒ SP < CP ⇒ loss = 20%, not profit 25%. Hence, statement I is wrong.

Statement II: SP of 8 = CP of 10 ⇒ SP of 1 = 10/8 = 1.25 CP ⇒ SP > CP ⇒ profit = 25%, not loss 20%. Hence, statement II also wrong.

So, both incorrect

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Economic growth is not synonymous with social progress. A nation may record a consistent rise in its GDP while simultaneously witnessing stagnation in health, education, and employment outcomes. The growth process, when concentrated in a few capital-intensive sectors, can inflate overall output without improving the quality of life for the majority. Moreover, such growth often generates regional disparities and income inequality, which in turn restrict aggregate demand, creating a vicious cycle. Thus, while growth may be necessary for development, it is far from sufficient. True development must aim at equitable distribution of opportunities, empowerment through education and health, and the creation of productive employment that sustains dignity. Q12. Which one of the following statements best reflects the corollary to the above passage? (a) Sustainable development is possible only when economic growth and social equity move hand in hand. (b) Faster GDP growth alone can guarantee improvements in employment and living standards. (c) Redistributive welfare schemes are sufficient to ensure equitable development. (d) Economic growth should be slowed down to prevent inequality. Correct Answer: (a) Explanation: Option (a) is correct: The passage explicitly contrasts economic growth with social progress and concludes that “growth may be necessary for development, but is far from sufficient.” It emphasises equity, empowerment, and productive employment. Therefore, (a) correctly draws the corollary that true development requires both economic expansion and social equity. Option (b) is incorrect: The author clearly rejects this view; mere GDP growth does not guarantee improvement in social outcomes. Option (c) is incorrect: While equity is essential, the passage stresses empowerment through education and employment, not mere redistribution. Welfare schemes alone cannot substitute structural reforms. Option (d) is incorrect: The passage never advocates slowing growth; it calls for qualitative improvement in growth, not reduction of pace. Hence, (a) best reflects the corollary logically implied by the text. Incorrect Answer: (a) Explanation: Option (a) is correct: The passage explicitly contrasts economic growth with social progress and concludes that “growth may be necessary for development, but is far from sufficient.” It emphasises equity, empowerment, and productive employment. Therefore, (a) correctly draws the corollary that true development requires both economic expansion and social equity. Option (b) is incorrect: The author clearly rejects this view; mere GDP growth does not guarantee improvement in social outcomes. Option (c) is incorrect: While equity is essential, the passage stresses empowerment through education and employment, not mere redistribution. Welfare schemes alone cannot substitute structural reforms. Option (d) is incorrect: The passage never advocates slowing growth; it calls for qualitative improvement in growth, not reduction of pace. Hence, (a) best reflects the corollary logically implied by the text.

#### 2. Question

Economic growth is not synonymous with social progress. A nation may record a consistent rise in its GDP while simultaneously witnessing stagnation in health, education, and employment outcomes. The growth process, when concentrated in a few capital-intensive sectors, can inflate overall output without improving the quality of life for the majority. Moreover, such growth often generates regional disparities and income inequality, which in turn restrict aggregate demand, creating a vicious cycle. Thus, while growth may be necessary for development, it is far from sufficient. True development must aim at equitable distribution of opportunities, empowerment through education and health, and the creation of productive employment that sustains dignity.

Q12. Which one of the following statements best reflects the corollary to the above passage?

• (a) Sustainable development is possible only when economic growth and social equity move hand in hand.

• (b) Faster GDP growth alone can guarantee improvements in employment and living standards.

• (c) Redistributive welfare schemes are sufficient to ensure equitable development.

• (d) Economic growth should be slowed down to prevent inequality.

Answer: (a)

Explanation: Option (a) is correct: The passage explicitly contrasts economic growth with social progress and concludes that “growth may be necessary for development, but is far from sufficient.” It emphasises equity, empowerment, and productive employment. Therefore, (a) correctly draws the corollary that true development requires both economic expansion and social equity. Option (b) is incorrect: The author clearly rejects this view; mere GDP growth does not guarantee improvement in social outcomes. Option (c) is incorrect: While equity is essential, the passage stresses empowerment through education and employment, not mere redistribution. Welfare schemes alone cannot substitute structural reforms. Option (d) is incorrect: The passage never advocates slowing growth; it calls for qualitative improvement in growth, not reduction of pace. Hence, (a) best reflects the corollary logically implied by the text.

Answer: (a)

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made: I. Growth that fails to address inequality and human development cannot be considered genuine development. II. Structural changes in the economy are required to make growth more inclusive and employment-intensive. III. The State should withdraw from redistributive functions and focus only on accelerating GDP growth. Which of the above assumptions is/are valid? (a) I only (b) I and II only (c) II and III only (d) All three Correct Answer: (b) Explanation: Assumption I is correct: The author asserts that “true development must aim at equitable distribution of opportunities, empowerment through education and health,” implying that growth without equity is hollow. Therefore, Assumption I aligns perfectly with the passage. Assumption II is correct: The passage stresses that when growth is “concentrated in a few capital-intensive sectors,” it leads to inequality and low employment. This clearly implies the need for structural transformation toward inclusive, labour-intensive sectors to link growth with human welfare. Hence, Assumption II is valid. Assumption III is incorrect: The passage advocates a greater developmental role for the State, focusing on equality and empowerment, not withdrawal. It explicitly supports social investment and human-centric policies. Thus, only Assumptions I and II are valid, making option (b) the correct answer. Incorrect Answer: (b) Explanation: Assumption I is correct: The author asserts that “true development must aim at equitable distribution of opportunities, empowerment through education and health,” implying that growth without equity is hollow. Therefore, Assumption I aligns perfectly with the passage. Assumption II is correct: The passage stresses that when growth is “concentrated in a few capital-intensive sectors,” it leads to inequality and low employment. This clearly implies the need for structural transformation toward inclusive, labour-intensive sectors to link growth with human welfare. Hence, Assumption II is valid. Assumption III is incorrect: The passage advocates a greater developmental role for the State, focusing on equality and empowerment, not withdrawal. It explicitly supports social investment and human-centric policies. Thus, only Assumptions I and II are valid, making option (b) the correct answer.

#### 3. Question

With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:

I. Growth that fails to address inequality and human development cannot be considered genuine development. II. Structural changes in the economy are required to make growth more inclusive and employment-intensive. III. The State should withdraw from redistributive functions and focus only on accelerating GDP growth.

Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

• (a) I only

• (b) I and II only

• (c) II and III only

• (d) All three

Answer: (b)

Explanation: Assumption I is correct: The author asserts that “true development must aim at equitable distribution of opportunities, empowerment through education and health,” implying that growth without equity is hollow. Therefore, Assumption I aligns perfectly with the passage. Assumption II is correct: The passage stresses that when growth is “concentrated in a few capital-intensive sectors,” it leads to inequality and low employment. This clearly implies the need for structural transformation toward inclusive, labour-intensive sectors to link growth with human welfare. Hence, Assumption II is valid. Assumption III is incorrect: The passage advocates a greater developmental role for the State, focusing on equality and empowerment, not withdrawal. It explicitly supports social investment and human-centric policies. Thus, only Assumptions I and II are valid, making option (b) the correct answer.

Answer: (b)

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Modern democratic societies often assume that the legitimacy of authority comes solely from the consent of the governed. Yet, consent is not always a sufficient guarantee of justice. People may willingly endorse institutions or leaders that curtail liberty in the name of security or nationalism. When obedience becomes habitual, freedom is reduced to a ritual rather than a reality. Paradoxically, democracies can breed conformity as easily as autocracies if citizens cease to exercise critical judgment. Thus, the vitality of a democracy does not depend merely on popular participation but on the moral courage of individuals to question even the majority’s will when it contradicts the principles of justice and human dignity. Which one of the following statements best reflects the most logical and rational message conveyed by the author of the passage? (a) The consent of the majority is a sufficient condition for ensuring liberty and justice in a democracy. (b) Democracy must be continuously guarded by citizens who exercise moral judgment and critical thinking. (c) National security concerns inevitably justify temporary curbs on individual liberty. (d) A strong government is essential to prevent misuse of freedom in democratic societies. Correct Answer: (b) Explanation: Option (a) is incorrect: The passage directly argues against this notion, stating that “consent is not always a sufficient guarantee of justice.” Majority endorsement may coexist with injustice or suppression. Option (c) is incorrect: The author criticizes precisely this tendency—sacrificing liberty “in the name of security or nationalism.” Hence, it contradicts the author’s position. Option (d) is incorrect: The text focuses on citizen responsibility and moral vigilance, not governmental strength or control. Option (b) is correct: The author’s central warning is that democracies can degenerate into conformity if citizens stop questioning. The key line—“the vitality of a democracy…depends on the moral courage of individuals to question even the majority’s will”—captures this idea. Therefore, (b) perfectly summarizes the logical core: democracy survives through critical and moral citizenship, not passive consent. Incorrect Answer: (b) Explanation: Option (a) is incorrect: The passage directly argues against this notion, stating that “consent is not always a sufficient guarantee of justice.” Majority endorsement may coexist with injustice or suppression. Option (c) is incorrect: The author criticizes precisely this tendency—sacrificing liberty “in the name of security or nationalism.” Hence, it contradicts the author’s position. Option (d) is incorrect: The text focuses on citizen responsibility and moral vigilance, not governmental strength or control. Option (b) is correct: The author’s central warning is that democracies can degenerate into conformity if citizens stop questioning. The key line—“the vitality of a democracy…depends on the moral courage of individuals to question even the majority’s will”—captures this idea. Therefore, (b) perfectly summarizes the logical core: democracy survives through critical and moral citizenship, not passive consent.

#### 4. Question

Modern democratic societies often assume that the legitimacy of authority comes solely from the consent of the governed. Yet, consent is not always a sufficient guarantee of justice. People may willingly endorse institutions or leaders that curtail liberty in the name of security or nationalism. When obedience becomes habitual, freedom is reduced to a ritual rather than a reality. Paradoxically, democracies can breed conformity as easily as autocracies if citizens cease to exercise critical judgment. Thus, the vitality of a democracy does not depend merely on popular participation but on the moral courage of individuals to question even the majority’s will when it contradicts the principles of justice and human dignity.

Which one of the following statements best reflects the most logical and rational message conveyed by the author of the passage?

• (a) The consent of the majority is a sufficient condition for ensuring liberty and justice in a democracy.

• (b) Democracy must be continuously guarded by citizens who exercise moral judgment and critical thinking.

• (c) National security concerns inevitably justify temporary curbs on individual liberty.

• (d) A strong government is essential to prevent misuse of freedom in democratic societies.

Answer: (b)

Explanation: Option (a) is incorrect: The passage directly argues against this notion, stating that “consent is not always a sufficient guarantee of justice.” Majority endorsement may coexist with injustice or suppression. Option (c) is incorrect: The author criticizes precisely this tendency—sacrificing liberty “in the name of security or nationalism.” Hence, it contradicts the author’s position. Option (d) is incorrect: The text focuses on citizen responsibility and moral vigilance, not governmental strength or control. Option (b) is correct: The author’s central warning is that democracies can degenerate into conformity if citizens stop questioning. The key line—“the vitality of a democracy…depends on the moral courage of individuals to question even the majority’s will”—captures this idea. Therefore, (b) perfectly summarizes the logical core: democracy survives through critical and moral citizenship, not passive consent.

Answer: (b)

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made: I. Majority rule can sometimes legitimise injustice under democratic systems. II. Mere participation in elections is not enough to sustain the spirit of democracy. III. The highest form of loyalty to a democracy lies in uncritical obedience to elected leaders. Which of the above assumptions is/are valid? (a) I only (b) I and II only (c) II and III only (d) All three Correct Answer: (b) Explanation: Assumption I is correct: The passage explicitly warns that citizens “may willingly endorse institutions or leaders that curtail liberty,” implying that democratic majorities can legitimize injustice. Assumption II is correct: The phrase “democracy does not depend merely on popular participation” shows that participation without reflection is inadequate. Genuine democracy requires active moral and critical engagement. Assumption III is incorrect: The passage calls for questioning authority, not blind obedience. “Uncritical obedience” is presented as the root of democratic decay, not loyalty. Hence, only Assumptions I and II are valid. Incorrect Answer: (b) Explanation: Assumption I is correct: The passage explicitly warns that citizens “may willingly endorse institutions or leaders that curtail liberty,” implying that democratic majorities can legitimize injustice. Assumption II is correct: The phrase “democracy does not depend merely on popular participation” shows that participation without reflection is inadequate. Genuine democracy requires active moral and critical engagement. Assumption III is incorrect: The passage calls for questioning authority, not blind obedience. “Uncritical obedience” is presented as the root of democratic decay, not loyalty. Hence, only Assumptions I and II are valid.

#### 5. Question

With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:

I. Majority rule can sometimes legitimise injustice under democratic systems. II. Mere participation in elections is not enough to sustain the spirit of democracy. III. The highest form of loyalty to a democracy lies in uncritical obedience to elected leaders.

Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

• (a) I only

• (b) I and II only

• (c) II and III only

• (d) All three

Answer: (b)

Explanation: Assumption I is correct: The passage explicitly warns that citizens “may willingly endorse institutions or leaders that curtail liberty,” implying that democratic majorities can legitimize injustice. Assumption II is correct: The phrase “democracy does not depend merely on popular participation” shows that participation without reflection is inadequate. Genuine democracy requires active moral and critical engagement. Assumption III is incorrect: The passage calls for questioning authority, not blind obedience. “Uncritical obedience” is presented as the root of democratic decay, not loyalty. Hence, only Assumptions I and II are valid.

Answer: (b)

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