UPSC Insta–DART (Daily Aptitude and Reasoning Test) 29 Sep 2025

Considering the alarming importance of CSAT in UPSC CSE Prelims exam and with enormous requests we received recently, InsightsIAS has started Daily CSAT Test to ensure students practice CSAT Questions on a daily basis. Regular Practice would help one overcome the fear of CSAT too.We are naming this initiative as Insta– DART – Daily Aptitude and Reasoning Test. We hope you will be able to use DART to hit bull’s eye in CSAT paper and comfortably score 100+ even in the most difficult question paper that UPSC can give you in CSP-2021. Your peace of mind after every step of this exam is very important for us.

Looking forward to your enthusiastic participation (both in sending us questions and solving them on daily basis on this portal).

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Question is given followed by two Statements I and II. Consider the Question and the Statements. Age of each of P and Q is less than 100 years but more than 10 years. If you interchange the digits of the age of P, the number represents the age of Q. Question: What is the difference of their ages? Statement-I: The age of P is greater than the age of Q. Statement-II: The sum of their ages is 44/27 times their difference. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above Question and the Statements? (a) The Question can be answered by using one of the Statements alone, but cannot be answered using the other Statement alone (b) The Question can be answered by using either Statement alone (c) The Question can be answered by using both the Statements together, but cannot be answered using either Statement alone (d) The Question cannot be answered even by using both the Statements together Correct Answer: A Solution: Given that, Age of P and Q is less than 100 years but more than 10 years. Digits of P when interchanged the number represents Q. Statement I: The age of P is greater than the age of Q. Statement II: The sum of their ages is 44/27 times their difference. Now, Let P = 10x + y and Q = 10y + x. Statement I: 10x + y > 10y + x ⇒ x > y, but the difference cannot be determined. Hence statement I is insufficient. Statement II: 11x + 11y = (44/27)(9x − 9y) 11(x + y) = (44/3)(x − y) Multiply by 3: 33x + 33y = 44x − 44y ⇒ 11x = 77y ⇒ x = 7y. With 1 ≤ y ≤ 9 and x ≤ 9, the only possibility is y = 1, x = 7. So P = 71 and Q = 17. Difference = 71 − 17 = 54. Hence statement II is sufficient to answer the question. Therefore option (a) is correct. Incorrect Answer: A Solution: Given that, Age of P and Q is less than 100 years but more than 10 years. Digits of P when interchanged the number represents Q. Statement I: The age of P is greater than the age of Q. Statement II: The sum of their ages is 44/27 times their difference. Now, Let P = 10x + y and Q = 10y + x. Statement I: 10x + y > 10y + x ⇒ x > y, but the difference cannot be determined. Hence statement I is insufficient. Statement II: 11x + 11y = (44/27)(9x − 9y) 11(x + y) = (44/3)(x − y) Multiply by 3: 33x + 33y = 44x − 44y ⇒ 11x = 77y ⇒ x = 7y. With 1 ≤ y ≤ 9 and x ≤ 9, the only possibility is y = 1, x = 7. So P = 71 and Q = 17. Difference = 71 − 17 = 54. Hence statement II is sufficient to answer the question. Therefore option (a) is correct.

#### 1. Question

Question is given followed by two Statements I and II. Consider the Question and the Statements.

Age of each of P and Q is less than 100 years but more than 10 years. If you interchange the digits of the age of P, the number represents the age of Q.

Question: What is the difference of their ages?

Statement-I: The age of P is greater than the age of Q. Statement-II: The sum of their ages is 44/27 times their difference.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above Question and the Statements?

• (a) The Question can be answered by using one of the Statements alone, but cannot be answered using the other Statement alone

• (b) The Question can be answered by using either Statement alone

• (c) The Question can be answered by using both the Statements together, but cannot be answered using either Statement alone

• (d) The Question cannot be answered even by using both the Statements together

Answer: A

Solution:

Given that,

Age of P and Q is less than 100 years but more than 10 years. Digits of P when interchanged the number represents Q.

Statement I: The age of P is greater than the age of Q. Statement II: The sum of their ages is 44/27 times their difference.

Let P = 10x + y and Q = 10y + x.

Statement I: 10x + y > 10y + x ⇒ x > y, but the difference cannot be determined. Hence statement I is insufficient.

Statement II: 11x + 11y = (44/27)(9x − 9y) 11(x + y) = (44/3)(x − y) Multiply by 3: 33x + 33y = 44x − 44y ⇒ 11x = 77y ⇒ x = 7y.

With 1 ≤ y ≤ 9 and x ≤ 9, the only possibility is y = 1, x = 7. So P = 71 and Q = 17. Difference = 71 − 17 = 54.

Hence statement II is sufficient to answer the question.

Therefore option (a) is correct.

Answer: A

Solution:

Given that,

Age of P and Q is less than 100 years but more than 10 years. Digits of P when interchanged the number represents Q.

Statement I: The age of P is greater than the age of Q. Statement II: The sum of their ages is 44/27 times their difference.

Let P = 10x + y and Q = 10y + x.

Statement I: 10x + y > 10y + x ⇒ x > y, but the difference cannot be determined. Hence statement I is insufficient.

Statement II: 11x + 11y = (44/27)(9x − 9y) 11(x + y) = (44/3)(x − y) Multiply by 3: 33x + 33y = 44x − 44y ⇒ 11x = 77y ⇒ x = 7y.

With 1 ≤ y ≤ 9 and x ≤ 9, the only possibility is y = 1, x = 7. So P = 71 and Q = 17. Difference = 71 − 17 = 54.

Hence statement II is sufficient to answer the question.

Therefore option (a) is correct.

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question If in a particular year 12th January is a Sunday, then which one of the following is correct? (a) 15th August is a Sunday if the year is a leap year. (b) 15th August is a Sunday if the year is not a leap year. (c) 15th August is a Saturday if the year is a leap year. (d) 15th August is a Friday if the year is a leap year. Correct Answer: C Solution: Given that, 12th January is a Sunday There are two possibilities if the year is a leap year or not a leap year Possibility 1: Leap year Total number of days up to 15th August = (19 + 29 + 31 + 30 + 31 + 30 + 31 + 15) = 216 = 30 weeks and 6 odd days So, 15th August is Sunday + 6 odd days = Saturday Possibility 2: Not a Leap year Total number of days up to 15th August = (19 + 28 + 31 + 30 + 31 + 30 + 31 + 15) = 215 = 30 weeks and 5 odd days So, 15th August is Sunday + 5 odd days = Friday Hence option (c) is correct Incorrect Answer: C Solution: Given that, 12th January is a Sunday There are two possibilities if the year is a leap year or not a leap year Possibility 1: Leap year Total number of days up to 15th August = (19 + 29 + 31 + 30 + 31 + 30 + 31 + 15) = 216 = 30 weeks and 6 odd days So, 15th August is Sunday + 6 odd days = Saturday Possibility 2: Not a Leap year Total number of days up to 15th August = (19 + 28 + 31 + 30 + 31 + 30 + 31 + 15) = 215 = 30 weeks and 5 odd days So, 15th August is Sunday + 5 odd days = Friday Hence option (c) is correct

#### 2. Question

If in a particular year 12th January is a Sunday, then which one of the following is correct?

• (a) 15th August is a Sunday if the year is a leap year.

• (b) 15th August is a Sunday if the year is not a leap year.

• (c) 15th August is a Saturday if the year is a leap year.

• (d) 15th August is a Friday if the year is a leap year.

Given that,

12th January is a Sunday

There are two possibilities if the year is a leap year or not a leap year

Possibility 1: Leap year

Total number of days up to 15th August = (19 + 29 + 31 + 30 + 31 + 30 + 31 + 15) = 216 = 30 weeks and 6 odd days So, 15th August is Sunday + 6 odd days = Saturday

Possibility 2: Not a Leap year

Total number of days up to 15th August = (19 + 28 + 31 + 30 + 31 + 30 + 31 + 15) = 215 = 30 weeks and 5 odd days So, 15th August is Sunday + 5 odd days = Friday

Hence option (c) is correct

Given that,

12th January is a Sunday

There are two possibilities if the year is a leap year or not a leap year

Possibility 1: Leap year

Total number of days up to 15th August = (19 + 29 + 31 + 30 + 31 + 30 + 31 + 15) = 216 = 30 weeks and 6 odd days So, 15th August is Sunday + 6 odd days = Saturday

Possibility 2: Not a Leap year

Total number of days up to 15th August = (19 + 28 + 31 + 30 + 31 + 30 + 31 + 15) = 215 = 30 weeks and 5 odd days So, 15th August is Sunday + 5 odd days = Friday

Hence option (c) is correct

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question A and B decide to travel from place X to place Y by bus. A has Rs. 8 with him and he finds that it is 40% of the bus fare for two persons. B finds that he has Rs. 7 with him and hands it over to A. In this context, which one of the following statements is correct? (a) Now the money A has just enough to buy two tickets. (b) A still needs Rs. 5 for buying the tickets. (c) After buying the two tickets A will be left with Rs. 2. (d) The money A now has is still not sufficient to buy two tickets. Correct Answer: B Solution: Given that, A has Rs. 8 which is 40% of the fare for two persons. B has Rs. 7 and gives it to A. Now, Let total fare for two persons be Rs. F. 40% of F = 8 ⇒ F = (8 × 100) / 40 = Rs. 20. Total money with A after B’s contribution = 8 + 7 = Rs. 15. Shortfall = 20 − 15 = Rs. 5. Hence option (b) is correct. Incorrect Answer: B Solution: Given that, A has Rs. 8 which is 40% of the fare for two persons. B has Rs. 7 and gives it to A. Now, Let total fare for two persons be Rs. F. 40% of F = 8 ⇒ F = (8 × 100) / 40 = Rs. 20. Total money with A after B’s contribution = 8 + 7 = Rs. 15. Shortfall = 20 − 15 = Rs. 5. Hence option (b) is correct.

#### 3. Question

A and B decide to travel from place X to place Y by bus. A has Rs. 8 with him and he finds that it is 40% of the bus fare for two persons. B finds that he has Rs. 7 with him and hands it over to A. In this context, which one of the following statements is correct?

• (a) Now the money A has just enough to buy two tickets.

• (b) A still needs Rs. 5 for buying the tickets.

• (c) After buying the two tickets A will be left with Rs. 2.

• (d) The money A now has is still not sufficient to buy two tickets.

Given that,

A has Rs. 8 which is 40% of the fare for two persons. B has Rs. 7 and gives it to A.

Let total fare for two persons be Rs. F. 40% of F = 8 ⇒ F = (8 × 100) / 40 = Rs. 20. Total money with A after B’s contribution = 8 + 7 = Rs. 15. Shortfall = 20 − 15 = Rs. 5.

Hence option (b) is correct.

Given that,

A has Rs. 8 which is 40% of the fare for two persons. B has Rs. 7 and gives it to A.

Let total fare for two persons be Rs. F. 40% of F = 8 ⇒ F = (8 × 100) / 40 = Rs. 20. Total money with A after B’s contribution = 8 + 7 = Rs. 15. Shortfall = 20 − 15 = Rs. 5.

Hence option (b) is correct.

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question Education has always been a critical driver of social mobility and economic growth. In modern societies, universal access to quality education is viewed as a fundamental right, not merely a privilege. It equips individuals with skills, broadens their opportunities, and strengthens democratic participation. Yet, the challenge lies not only in expanding enrolment but also in ensuring the quality and equity of education. Without adequate investment, well-trained teachers, and inclusive curricula, education risks reproducing existing inequalities rather than reducing them. Thus, the success of a nation’s educational system must be measured not only by literacy rates but also by its ability to empower all sections of society equally. Which one of the following statements best reflects the critical message conveyed by the author of the passage? (a) Expanding enrolment alone is sufficient to make education an engine of social mobility. (b) The quality and equity of education are as important as its accessibility. (c) Education’s primary role is to prepare citizens for employment. (d) Literacy rates provide the most accurate measure of a nation’s educational success. Correct Answer: (b) Explanation: Option (a) is incorrect: The passage stresses that enrolment without quality and equity can reproduce inequalities. Hence, access alone is not enough. Option (b) is correct: The author clearly emphasizes that apart from accessibility, education must also be equitable and of high quality to truly empower society. Option (c) is incorrect: While employment is one outcome, the passage also mentions democratic participation and equality, showing a broader purpose. Option (d) is incorrect: The author explicitly argues that success should not be judged only by literacy rates but by empowerment of all sections. Incorrect Answer: (b) Explanation: Option (a) is incorrect: The passage stresses that enrolment without quality and equity can reproduce inequalities. Hence, access alone is not enough. Option (b) is correct: The author clearly emphasizes that apart from accessibility, education must also be equitable and of high quality to truly empower society. Option (c) is incorrect: While employment is one outcome, the passage also mentions democratic participation and equality, showing a broader purpose. Option (d) is incorrect: The author explicitly argues that success should not be judged only by literacy rates but by empowerment of all sections.

#### 4. Question

Education has always been a critical driver of social mobility and economic growth. In modern societies, universal access to quality education is viewed as a fundamental right, not merely a privilege. It equips individuals with skills, broadens their opportunities, and strengthens democratic participation. Yet, the challenge lies not only in expanding enrolment but also in ensuring the quality and equity of education. Without adequate investment, well-trained teachers, and inclusive curricula, education risks reproducing existing inequalities rather than reducing them. Thus, the success of a nation’s educational system must be measured not only by literacy rates but also by its ability to empower all sections of society equally.

Which one of the following statements best reflects the critical message conveyed by the author of the passage?

• (a) Expanding enrolment alone is sufficient to make education an engine of social mobility.

• (b) The quality and equity of education are as important as its accessibility.

• (c) Education’s primary role is to prepare citizens for employment.

• (d) Literacy rates provide the most accurate measure of a nation’s educational success.

Answer: (b)

Explanation: Option (a) is incorrect: The passage stresses that enrolment without quality and equity can reproduce inequalities. Hence, access alone is not enough. Option (b) is correct: The author clearly emphasizes that apart from accessibility, education must also be equitable and of high quality to truly empower society. Option (c) is incorrect: While employment is one outcome, the passage also mentions democratic participation and equality, showing a broader purpose. Option (d) is incorrect: The author explicitly argues that success should not be judged only by literacy rates but by empowerment of all sections.

Answer: (b)

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made: I. Education without quality and equity cannot reduce social inequalities. II. Investment in infrastructure and teacher training is essential for improving educational outcomes. Which of the above assumptions is/are valid? (a) I only (b) II only (c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II Correct Answer: (c) Explanation: Assumption I is valid: The passage states that without quality and equity, education risks reproducing existing inequalities. This directly supports assumption I. Assumption II is valid: The passage highlights the importance of adequate investment and well-trained teachers as prerequisites for effective education, making assumption II valid. Thus, both assumptions follow logically, making option (c) the correct answer. Incorrect Answer: (c) Explanation: Assumption I is valid: The passage states that without quality and equity, education risks reproducing existing inequalities. This directly supports assumption I. Assumption II is valid: The passage highlights the importance of adequate investment and well-trained teachers as prerequisites for effective education, making assumption II valid. Thus, both assumptions follow logically, making option (c) the correct answer.

#### 5. Question

With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made: I. Education without quality and equity cannot reduce social inequalities. II. Investment in infrastructure and teacher training is essential for improving educational outcomes.

Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

• (a) I only

• (b) II only

• (c) Both I and II

• (d) Neither I nor II

Answer: (c)

Explanation: Assumption I is valid: The passage states that without quality and equity, education risks reproducing existing inequalities. This directly supports assumption I. Assumption II is valid: The passage highlights the importance of adequate investment and well-trained teachers as prerequisites for effective education, making assumption II valid. Thus, both assumptions follow logically, making option (c) the correct answer.

Answer: (c)

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