UPSC Insta–DART (Daily Aptitude and Reasoning Test) 24 Sep 2025

Considering the alarming importance of CSAT in UPSC CSE Prelims exam and with enormous requests we received recently, InsightsIAS has started Daily CSAT Test to ensure students practice CSAT Questions on a daily basis. Regular Practice would help one overcome the fear of CSAT too.We are naming this initiative as Insta– DART – Daily Aptitude and Reasoning Test. We hope you will be able to use DART to hit bull’s eye in CSAT paper and comfortably score 100+ even in the most difficult question paper that UPSC can give you in CSP-2021. Your peace of mind after every step of this exam is very important for us.

Looking forward to your enthusiastic participation (both in sending us questions and solving them on daily basis on this portal).

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question With reference to the passage, the following assumptions have been made: I. Human life and ecosystems would be incomplete without the ecological and industrial roles of fungi. II. Harmful effects of fungi far outweigh their beneficial uses. Which of the above assumptions is/are valid? (a) I only (b) II only (c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II Correct Answer: (a) Explanation: Assumption I is valid: The passage makes clear that fungi recycle nutrients, aid agriculture, and provide antibiotics—showing that ecosystems and human activities rely on them. Assumption II is invalid: The passage presents fungi as having a dual nature; it never claims harmful impacts outweigh the beneficial ones. Hence, only Assumption I is valid, making option (a) correct. Incorrect Answer: (a) Explanation: Assumption I is valid: The passage makes clear that fungi recycle nutrients, aid agriculture, and provide antibiotics—showing that ecosystems and human activities rely on them. Assumption II is invalid: The passage presents fungi as having a dual nature; it never claims harmful impacts outweigh the beneficial ones. Hence, only Assumption I is valid, making option (a) correct.

#### 1. Question

With reference to the passage, the following assumptions have been made: I. Human life and ecosystems would be incomplete without the ecological and industrial roles of fungi. II. Harmful effects of fungi far outweigh their beneficial uses.

Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

• (a) I only

• (b) II only

• (c) Both I and II

• (d) Neither I nor II

Answer: (a)

Explanation: Assumption I is valid: The passage makes clear that fungi recycle nutrients, aid agriculture, and provide antibiotics—showing that ecosystems and human activities rely on them. Assumption II is invalid: The passage presents fungi as having a dual nature; it never claims harmful impacts outweigh the beneficial ones. Hence, only Assumption I is valid, making option (a) correct.

Answer: (a)

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Industrial disasters are catastrophic events resulting from unsafe practices, technical failures, or inadequate regulations in industries. Incidents such as the Bhopal Gas Tragedy in 1984 and the Chernobyl nuclear disaster highlight how lapses in safety can cause large-scale human suffering, environmental degradation, and economic loss. While industrial growth is vital for economic progress, unchecked expansion without strict safety standards increases vulnerability to such disasters. Moreover, the impact of these events is disproportionately borne by marginalized communities living near industrial sites. The lesson is clear: industrialization must be balanced with strong regulatory frameworks, ethical corporate responsibility, and disaster-preparedness mechanisms to protect both people and the environment. Which one of the following statements best reflects the most logical and rational message conveyed by the author of the passage? (a) Industrial disasters are inevitable in a growing economy. (b) Industrialization should be stopped to prevent environmental and human losses. (c) Industrial growth must be accompanied by strict safety regulations and accountability. (d) Only marginalized communities need protection from industrial disasters. Correct Answer: (c) Explanation: Option (a) is incorrect: The passage does not accept inevitability; it emphasizes preventability through regulation. Option (b) is incorrect: The passage values industrial growth but cautions against unsafe practices, not stopping it. Option (d) is incorrect: Though marginalized groups are more vulnerable, the passage underlines protection for all people and the environment. Option (c) is correct: The author stresses balancing industrial growth with regulation, corporate responsibility, and preparedness, making this the most rational conclusion. Incorrect Answer: (c) Explanation: Option (a) is incorrect: The passage does not accept inevitability; it emphasizes preventability through regulation. Option (b) is incorrect: The passage values industrial growth but cautions against unsafe practices, not stopping it. Option (d) is incorrect: Though marginalized groups are more vulnerable, the passage underlines protection for all people and the environment. Option (c) is correct: The author stresses balancing industrial growth with regulation, corporate responsibility, and preparedness, making this the most rational conclusion.

#### 2. Question

Industrial disasters are catastrophic events resulting from unsafe practices, technical failures, or inadequate regulations in industries. Incidents such as the Bhopal Gas Tragedy in 1984 and the Chernobyl nuclear disaster highlight how lapses in safety can cause large-scale human suffering, environmental degradation, and economic loss. While industrial growth is vital for economic progress, unchecked expansion without strict safety standards increases vulnerability to such disasters. Moreover, the impact of these events is disproportionately borne by marginalized communities living near industrial sites. The lesson is clear: industrialization must be balanced with strong regulatory frameworks, ethical corporate responsibility, and disaster-preparedness mechanisms to protect both people and the environment.

Which one of the following statements best reflects the most logical and rational message conveyed by the author of the passage?

• (a) Industrial disasters are inevitable in a growing economy.

• (b) Industrialization should be stopped to prevent environmental and human losses.

• (c) Industrial growth must be accompanied by strict safety regulations and accountability.

• (d) Only marginalized communities need protection from industrial disasters.

Answer: (c)

Explanation: Option (a) is incorrect: The passage does not accept inevitability; it emphasizes preventability through regulation. Option (b) is incorrect: The passage values industrial growth but cautions against unsafe practices, not stopping it. Option (d) is incorrect: Though marginalized groups are more vulnerable, the passage underlines protection for all people and the environment. Option (c) is correct: The author stresses balancing industrial growth with regulation, corporate responsibility, and preparedness, making this the most rational conclusion.

Answer: (c)

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question With reference to the passage, the following assumptions have been made: I. Industrial disasters can be prevented through strong regulatory frameworks and responsible corporate practices. II. The negative impact of industrial disasters is evenly distributed across all sections of society. Which of the above assumptions is/are valid? (a) I only (b) II only (c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II Correct Answer: (a) Explanation: Assumption I is valid: The passage directly links prevention to regulation, ethics, and preparedness, suggesting disasters are not inevitable but preventable. Assumption II is invalid: The passage clearly notes that marginalized communities bear a disproportionate burden, meaning the impact is not evenly distributed. Hence, only Assumption I is valid, making option (a) the correct answer. Incorrect Answer: (a) Explanation: Assumption I is valid: The passage directly links prevention to regulation, ethics, and preparedness, suggesting disasters are not inevitable but preventable. Assumption II is invalid: The passage clearly notes that marginalized communities bear a disproportionate burden, meaning the impact is not evenly distributed. Hence, only Assumption I is valid, making option (a) the correct answer.

#### 3. Question

With reference to the passage, the following assumptions have been made: I. Industrial disasters can be prevented through strong regulatory frameworks and responsible corporate practices. II. The negative impact of industrial disasters is evenly distributed across all sections of society.

Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

• (a) I only

• (b) II only

• (c) Both I and II

• (d) Neither I nor II

Answer: (a)

Explanation: Assumption I is valid: The passage directly links prevention to regulation, ethics, and preparedness, suggesting disasters are not inevitable but preventable. Assumption II is invalid: The passage clearly notes that marginalized communities bear a disproportionate burden, meaning the impact is not evenly distributed. Hence, only Assumption I is valid, making option (a) the correct answer.

Answer: (a)

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question There are large numbers of silver coins weighing 2 gm, 5 gm, 10 gm, 25 gm, 50 gm each. Consider the following statements: To buy 68 gm of coins one must buy at least 6 coins. To weigh 68 gm using these coins one can use less than 6 coins. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Answer: C Solution: Given that, There are large numbers of silver coins weighing 2 gm, 5 gm, 10 gm, 25 gm, 50 gm each. Now, To buy 68 gm of coins one must buy at least 6 coins. Try to make 68 using fewest coins. 50 + 10 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 68 → 6 coins. No 4-coin or 5-coin combination makes 68 with the given denominations. Thus at least 6 coins are needed to buy 68 gm. Hence statement 1 is correct. To weigh 68 gm using these coins one can use less than 6 coins. Using both pans, 68 = 50 + 25 − 5 − 2. This uses 4 coins. Hence statement 2 is correct. Therefore, option (c) Both 1 and 2 is correct. Incorrect Answer: C Solution: Given that, There are large numbers of silver coins weighing 2 gm, 5 gm, 10 gm, 25 gm, 50 gm each. Now, To buy 68 gm of coins one must buy at least 6 coins. Try to make 68 using fewest coins. 50 + 10 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 68 → 6 coins. No 4-coin or 5-coin combination makes 68 with the given denominations. Thus at least 6 coins are needed to buy 68 gm. Hence statement 1 is correct. To weigh 68 gm using these coins one can use less than 6 coins. Using both pans, 68 = 50 + 25 − 5 − 2. This uses 4 coins. Hence statement 2 is correct. Therefore, option (c) Both 1 and 2 is correct.

#### 4. Question

There are large numbers of silver coins weighing 2 gm, 5 gm, 10 gm, 25 gm, 50 gm each. Consider the following statements:

• To buy 68 gm of coins one must buy at least 6 coins.

• To weigh 68 gm using these coins one can use less than 6 coins.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• (a) 1 only

• (b) 2 only

• (c) Both 1 and 2

• (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Given that,

There are large numbers of silver coins weighing 2 gm, 5 gm, 10 gm, 25 gm, 50 gm each.

• To buy 68 gm of coins one must buy at least 6 coins.

Try to make 68 using fewest coins. 50 + 10 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 68 → 6 coins. No 4-coin or 5-coin combination makes 68 with the given denominations. Thus at least 6 coins are needed to buy 68 gm. Hence statement 1 is correct.

• To weigh 68 gm using these coins one can use less than 6 coins.

Using both pans, 68 = 50 + 25 − 5 − 2. This uses 4 coins. Hence statement 2 is correct.

Therefore, option (c) Both 1 and 2 is correct.

Given that,

There are large numbers of silver coins weighing 2 gm, 5 gm, 10 gm, 25 gm, 50 gm each.

• To buy 68 gm of coins one must buy at least 6 coins.

• To weigh 68 gm using these coins one can use less than 6 coins.

Using both pans, 68 = 50 + 25 − 5 − 2. This uses 4 coins. Hence statement 2 is correct.

Therefore, option (c) Both 1 and 2 is correct.

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Consider the following question and statements: Question: Is x equal to y? Statement-1: x minus y equals zero. Statement-2: x squared equals y squared. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above Question and the Statements? (a) The Question can be answered by using one of the Statements alone, but cannot be answered using the other Statement alone. (b) The Question can be answered by using either Statement alone. (c) The Question can be answered by using both the Statements together, but cannot be answered using either Statement alone. (d) The Question cannot be answered even by using both the Statements together. Correct Answer: A Solution: Given that, Statement-1: x minus y equals zero. Statement-2: x squared equals y squared. Now, Statement-1: x − y = 0 implies x = y. Hence statement 1 is sufficient. Statement-2: x2 = y2 implies x = y or x = −y. Cannot decide equality. Hence statement 2 is not sufficient. Therefore the Question can be answered by using one of the statements alone, but not the other. Hence option (a) is correct. Incorrect Answer: A Solution: Given that, Statement-1: x minus y equals zero. Statement-2: x squared equals y squared. Now, Statement-1: x − y = 0 implies x = y. Hence statement 1 is sufficient. Statement-2: x2 = y2 implies x = y or x = −y. Cannot decide equality. Hence statement 2 is not sufficient. Therefore the Question can be answered by using one of the statements alone, but not the other. Hence option (a) is correct.

#### 5. Question

Consider the following question and statements:

Question: Is x equal to y?

Statement-1: x minus y equals zero. Statement-2: x squared equals y squared.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above Question and the Statements?

• (a) The Question can be answered by using one of the Statements alone, but cannot be answered using the other Statement alone.

• (b) The Question can be answered by using either Statement alone.

• (c) The Question can be answered by using both the Statements together, but cannot be answered using either Statement alone.

• (d) The Question cannot be answered even by using both the Statements together.

Given that,

Statement-1: x minus y equals zero. Statement-2: x squared equals y squared.

Statement-1: x − y = 0 implies x = y. Hence statement 1 is sufficient.

Statement-2: x2 = y2 implies x = y or x = −y. Cannot decide equality. Hence statement 2 is not sufficient.

Therefore the Question can be answered by using one of the statements alone, but not the other.

Hence option (a) is correct.

Given that,

Statement-1: x minus y equals zero. Statement-2: x squared equals y squared.

Statement-1: x − y = 0 implies x = y. Hence statement 1 is sufficient.

Statement-2: x2 = y2 implies x = y or x = −y. Cannot decide equality. Hence statement 2 is not sufficient.

Therefore the Question can be answered by using one of the statements alone, but not the other.

Hence option (a) is correct.

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