UPSC Insta–DART (Daily Aptitude and Reasoning Test) 22 Jan 2026
Kartavya Desk Staff
Considering the alarming importance of CSAT in UPSC CSE Prelims exam and with enormous requests we received recently, InsightsIAS has started Daily CSAT Test to ensure students practice CSAT Questions on a daily basis. Regular Practice would help one overcome the fear of CSAT too.We are naming this initiative as Insta– DART – Daily Aptitude and Reasoning Test. We hope you will be able to use DART to hit bull’s eye in CSAT paper and comfortably score 100+ even in the most difficult question paper that UPSC can give you in CSP-2021. Your peace of mind after every step of this exam is very important for us.
Looking forward to your enthusiastic participation (both in sending us questions and solving them on daily basis on this portal).
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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question In the following question, the relationship between different elements is shown in the statement. The statement is followed by two conclusions. Statement: P ≥ Q > R = S < T ≤ U Conclusions: P > S R < U Select the correct answer on the basis of the information given above. (a) Only Conclusion I follows (b) Only Conclusion II follows (c) Both Conclusions I and II follow (d) Neither Conclusion I nor II follows Correct Answer: (c) Explanation: Conclusion I (P > S): We know P ≥ Q > R = S. Since Q > R and R = S, we can say Q > S. Also, P ≥ Q. Therefore, P > S is true. Conclusion II (R < U): We know R = S < T ≤ U. Since S < T and T ≤ U, we can say S < U. Since R = S, we can say R < U is true. So, Both Conclusions I and II follow Incorrect Answer: (c) Explanation: Conclusion I (P > S): We know P ≥ Q > R = S. Since Q > R and R = S, we can say Q > S. Also, P ≥ Q. Therefore, P > S is true. Conclusion II (R < U): We know R = S < T ≤ U. Since S < T and T ≤ U, we can say S < U. Since R = S, we can say R < U is true. So, Both Conclusions I and II follow
#### 1. Question
In the following question, the relationship between different elements is shown in the
statement. The statement is followed by two conclusions.
Statement: P ≥ Q > R = S < T ≤ U
Conclusions:
Select the correct answer on the basis of the information given above.
• (a) Only Conclusion I follows
• (b) Only Conclusion II follows
• (c) Both Conclusions I and II follow
• (d) Neither Conclusion I nor II follows
Answer: (c)
Explanation:
• Conclusion I (P > S): We know P ≥ Q > R = S. Since Q > R and R = S, we can say Q > S. Also, P ≥ Q. Therefore, P > S is true.
• We know P ≥ Q > R = S.
• Since Q > R and R = S, we can say Q > S.
• Also, P ≥ Q. Therefore, P > S is true.
• Conclusion II (R < U): We know R = S < T ≤ U. Since S < T and T ≤ U, we can say S < U. Since R = S, we can say R < U is true.
• We know R = S < T ≤ U.
• Since S < T and T ≤ U, we can say S < U.
• Since R = S, we can say R < U is true.
• So, Both Conclusions I and II follow
Answer: (c)
Explanation:
• Conclusion I (P > S): We know P ≥ Q > R = S. Since Q > R and R = S, we can say Q > S. Also, P ≥ Q. Therefore, P > S is true.
• We know P ≥ Q > R = S.
• Since Q > R and R = S, we can say Q > S.
• Also, P ≥ Q. Therefore, P > S is true.
• Conclusion II (R < U): We know R = S < T ≤ U. Since S < T and T ≤ U, we can say S < U. Since R = S, we can say R < U is true.
• We know R = S < T ≤ U.
• Since S < T and T ≤ U, we can say S < U.
• Since R = S, we can say R < U is true.
• So, Both Conclusions I and II follow
• Question 2 of 5 2. Question A 60-litre mixture of milk and water is in the ratio 4 : 2. If 12 litres of this mixture are removed and replaced with 12 litres of water, what is the new ratio of milk to water? (a) 10 : 11 (b) 8 : 7 (c) 9 : 10 (d) 11 : 13 Correct Answer: (b) Solution: Initial milk = (4/6) × 60 = 40 L Initial water = (2/6) × 60 = 20 L When 12 L mixture is removed (same ratio 4:2): Milk removed = (4/6) × 12 = 8 L Water removed = (2/6) × 12 = 4 L Remaining after removal: Milk = 40 − 8 = 32 L Water = 20 − 4 = 16 L Now add 12 L water: Water = 16 + 12 = 28 L New ratio = 32 : 28 = 8 : 7 Incorrect Answer: (b) Solution: Initial milk = (4/6) × 60 = 40 L Initial water = (2/6) × 60 = 20 L When 12 L mixture is removed (same ratio 4:2): Milk removed = (4/6) × 12 = 8 L Water removed = (2/6) × 12 = 4 L Remaining after removal: Milk = 40 − 8 = 32 L Water = 20 − 4 = 16 L Now add 12 L water: Water = 16 + 12 = 28 L New ratio = 32 : 28 = 8 : 7
#### 2. Question
A 60-litre mixture of milk and water is in the ratio 4 : 2. If 12 litres of this mixture are removed and replaced with 12 litres of water, what is the new ratio of milk to water?
• (a) 10 : 11
• (c) 9 : 10
• (d) 11 : 13
Answer: (b)
Solution:
Initial milk = (4/6) × 60 = 40 L Initial water = (2/6) × 60 = 20 L
When 12 L mixture is removed (same ratio 4:2): Milk removed = (4/6) × 12 = 8 L Water removed = (2/6) × 12 = 4 L
Remaining after removal: Milk = 40 − 8 = 32 L Water = 20 − 4 = 16 L
Now add 12 L water: Water = 16 + 12 = 28 L
New ratio = 32 : 28 = 8 : 7
Answer: (b)
Solution:
Initial milk = (4/6) × 60 = 40 L Initial water = (2/6) × 60 = 20 L
When 12 L mixture is removed (same ratio 4:2): Milk removed = (4/6) × 12 = 8 L Water removed = (2/6) × 12 = 4 L
Remaining after removal: Milk = 40 − 8 = 32 L Water = 20 − 4 = 16 L
Now add 12 L water: Water = 16 + 12 = 28 L
New ratio = 32 : 28 = 8 : 7
• Question 3 of 5 3. Question Technological innovation is often celebrated as a force that inevitably improves human life. Yet history shows that technology is rarely neutral—it reflects the priorities, biases, and power structures of the societies that create it. Tools designed to enhance convenience or efficiency can unintentionally deepen inequality when access is uneven. Algorithms meant to increase accuracy may reinforce existing prejudices if they are trained on biased data. Even innovations that promise empowerment can lead to dependency when users lose traditional skills or become reliant on opaque systems. Thus, the real question is not whether technology is good or bad, but how it is designed, who controls it, and whose interests it serves. Ethical innovation requires transparency, accountability, and deliberate efforts to minimise harm. Without critical social oversight, technology risks amplifying vulnerabilities rather than alleviating them. Progress, therefore, must be judged not by novelty alone but by its capacity to promote justice, inclusion, and human dignity. Which of the following best reflects the central idea of the passage? (a) Technological progress is inherently beneficial and needs no ethical scrutiny. (b) Technology becomes harmful only when it replaces human labour. (c) Ethical and socially aware design is essential to ensure that technology promotes justice and inclusion. (d) Society should stop using modern technologies to avoid inequality and bias. Correct Answer: (c) Explanation: Option (c) is correct: The passage argues that technology must be evaluated through ethical, social, and distributive lenses to ensure it serves human dignity. Option (a) is incorrect: The passage explicitly rejects the assumption that innovation is automatically beneficial. Option (b) is too narrow; the passage discusses bias, inequality, access, and control—not just labour displacement. Option (d) is incorrect: The passage advocates reform and oversight, not abandonment of technology. Thus, (c) captures the true essence of the passage. Incorrect Answer: (c) Explanation: Option (c) is correct: The passage argues that technology must be evaluated through ethical, social, and distributive lenses to ensure it serves human dignity. Option (a) is incorrect: The passage explicitly rejects the assumption that innovation is automatically beneficial. Option (b) is too narrow; the passage discusses bias, inequality, access, and control—not just labour displacement. Option (d) is incorrect: The passage advocates reform and oversight, not abandonment of technology. Thus, (c) captures the true essence of the passage.
#### 3. Question
Technological innovation is often celebrated as a force that inevitably improves human life. Yet history shows that technology is rarely neutral—it reflects the priorities, biases, and power structures of the societies that create it. Tools designed to enhance convenience or efficiency can unintentionally deepen inequality when access is uneven. Algorithms meant to increase accuracy may reinforce existing prejudices if they are trained on biased data. Even innovations that promise empowerment can lead to dependency when users lose traditional skills or become reliant on opaque systems.
Thus, the real question is not whether technology is good or bad, but how it is designed, who controls it, and whose interests it serves. Ethical innovation requires transparency, accountability, and deliberate efforts to minimise harm. Without critical social oversight, technology risks amplifying vulnerabilities rather than alleviating them. Progress, therefore, must be judged not by novelty alone but by its capacity to promote justice, inclusion, and human dignity.
Which of the following best reflects the central idea of the passage?
• (a) Technological progress is inherently beneficial and needs no ethical scrutiny.
• (b) Technology becomes harmful only when it replaces human labour.
• (c) Ethical and socially aware design is essential to ensure that technology promotes justice and inclusion.
• (d) Society should stop using modern technologies to avoid inequality and bias.
Answer: (c)
Explanation:
• Option (c) is correct: The passage argues that technology must be evaluated through ethical, social, and distributive lenses to ensure it serves human dignity.
• Option (a) is incorrect: The passage explicitly rejects the assumption that innovation is automatically beneficial.
• Option (b) is too narrow; the passage discusses bias, inequality, access, and control—not just labour displacement.
• Option (d) is incorrect: The passage advocates reform and oversight, not abandonment of technology.
Thus, (c) captures the true essence of the passage.
Answer: (c)
Explanation:
• Option (c) is correct: The passage argues that technology must be evaluated through ethical, social, and distributive lenses to ensure it serves human dignity.
• Option (a) is incorrect: The passage explicitly rejects the assumption that innovation is automatically beneficial.
• Option (b) is too narrow; the passage discusses bias, inequality, access, and control—not just labour displacement.
• Option (d) is incorrect: The passage advocates reform and oversight, not abandonment of technology.
Thus, (c) captures the true essence of the passage.
• Question 4 of 5 4. Question With reference to the passage, consider the following assumptions: Technological systems can unintentionally reinforce social inequalities. Ensuring ethical oversight in technological development can reduce potential harms. Novelty alone is a sufficient criterion to evaluate technological progress. Which of the above assumptions is/are valid? (a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) All three Correct Answer: (b) Explanation: Assumption 1: Valid — the passage states that uneven access and biased algorithms can deepen inequality. Assumption 2: Valid — the passage calls for transparency, accountability, and oversight to minimise harm and ensure justice. Assumption 3: Invalid — the passage critiques novelty as an inadequate measure of progress. Therefore, the correct answer is (b). Incorrect Answer: (b) Explanation: Assumption 1: Valid — the passage states that uneven access and biased algorithms can deepen inequality. Assumption 2: Valid — the passage calls for transparency, accountability, and oversight to minimise harm and ensure justice. Assumption 3: Invalid — the passage critiques novelty as an inadequate measure of progress. Therefore, the correct answer is (b).
#### 4. Question
With reference to the passage, consider the following assumptions:
• Technological systems can unintentionally reinforce social inequalities.
• Ensuring ethical oversight in technological development can reduce potential harms.
• Novelty alone is a sufficient criterion to evaluate technological progress.
Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?
• (a) 1 only
• (b) 1 and 2 only
• (c) 2 and 3 only
• (d) All three
Answer: (b)
Explanation:
• Assumption 1: Valid — the passage states that uneven access and biased algorithms can deepen inequality.
• Assumption 2: Valid — the passage calls for transparency, accountability, and oversight to minimise harm and ensure justice.
• Assumption 3: Invalid — the passage critiques novelty as an inadequate measure of progress.
Therefore, the correct answer is (b).
Answer: (b)
Explanation:
• Assumption 1: Valid — the passage states that uneven access and biased algorithms can deepen inequality.
• Assumption 2: Valid — the passage calls for transparency, accountability, and oversight to minimise harm and ensure justice.
• Assumption 3: Invalid — the passage critiques novelty as an inadequate measure of progress.
Therefore, the correct answer is (b).
• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Leadership is often associated with authority, vision, and the ability to influence people. Yet the moral core of leadership lies not in power but in responsibility. A leader’s decisions shape the lives of many, making ethical clarity essential. However, in competitive environments, the temptation to prioritise short-term gains—popularity, profit, or political advantage—can overshadow long-term commitments to justice and fairness. True leadership requires the courage to act with integrity even when such choices are unpopular. It demands listening without manipulation, persuading without coercion, and taking accountability when things go wrong. Leaders who hide behind excuses or shift blame create cultures of fear and mistrust. In contrast, ethical leadership fosters trust, motivates collective purpose, and sustains institutions beyond any single individual. The measure of a leader, therefore, is not how much power they hold, but how responsibly they use it. Which one of the following statements best reflects the central idea of the passage? (a) Leadership is primarily about gaining influence and securing public approval. (b) Ethical responsibility is the foundation of meaningful and trustworthy leadership. (c) Leaders must avoid taking risks to ensure they remain popular. (d) The effectiveness of leadership depends mainly on external rewards and recognition. Correct Answer: (b) Explanation: Option (b) is correct: The passage argues repeatedly that responsible and ethical decision-making forms the true core of leadership. Option (a) is incorrect: The passage critiques the pursuit of popularity and short-term gains. Option (c) is incorrect: Moral courage—not avoidance of risk—is emphasised as essential. Option (d) is incorrect: The passage stresses internal responsibility, not external validation. Thus, (b) captures the central message. Incorrect Answer: (b) Explanation: Option (b) is correct: The passage argues repeatedly that responsible and ethical decision-making forms the true core of leadership. Option (a) is incorrect: The passage critiques the pursuit of popularity and short-term gains. Option (c) is incorrect: Moral courage—not avoidance of risk—is emphasised as essential. Option (d) is incorrect: The passage stresses internal responsibility, not external validation. Thus, (b) captures the central message.
#### 5. Question
Leadership is often associated with authority, vision, and the ability to influence people. Yet the moral core of leadership lies not in power but in responsibility. A leader’s decisions shape the lives of many, making ethical clarity essential. However, in competitive environments, the temptation to prioritise short-term gains—popularity, profit, or political advantage—can overshadow long-term commitments to justice and fairness. True leadership requires the courage to act with integrity even when such choices are unpopular. It demands listening without manipulation, persuading without coercion, and taking accountability when things go wrong. Leaders who hide behind excuses or shift blame create cultures of fear and mistrust. In contrast, ethical leadership fosters trust, motivates collective purpose, and sustains institutions beyond any single individual. The measure of a leader, therefore, is not how much power they hold, but how responsibly they use it.
Which one of the following statements best reflects the central idea of the passage?
• (a) Leadership is primarily about gaining influence and securing public approval.
• (b) Ethical responsibility is the foundation of meaningful and trustworthy leadership.
• (c) Leaders must avoid taking risks to ensure they remain popular.
• (d) The effectiveness of leadership depends mainly on external rewards and recognition.
Answer: (b)
Explanation:
• Option (b) is correct: The passage argues repeatedly that responsible and ethical decision-making forms the true core of leadership.
• Option (a) is incorrect: The passage critiques the pursuit of popularity and short-term gains.
• Option (c) is incorrect: Moral courage—not avoidance of risk—is emphasised as essential.
• Option (d) is incorrect: The passage stresses internal responsibility, not external validation.
Thus, (b) captures the central message.
Answer: (b)
Explanation:
• Option (b) is correct: The passage argues repeatedly that responsible and ethical decision-making forms the true core of leadership.
• Option (a) is incorrect: The passage critiques the pursuit of popularity and short-term gains.
• Option (c) is incorrect: Moral courage—not avoidance of risk—is emphasised as essential.
• Option (d) is incorrect: The passage stresses internal responsibility, not external validation.
Thus, (b) captures the central message.
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