UPSC Insta–DART (Daily Aptitude and Reasoning Test) 20 Nov 2025

Considering the alarming importance of CSAT in UPSC CSE Prelims exam and with enormous requests we received recently, InsightsIAS has started Daily CSAT Test to ensure students practice CSAT Questions on a daily basis. Regular Practice would help one overcome the fear of CSAT too.We are naming this initiative as Insta– DART – Daily Aptitude and Reasoning Test. We hope you will be able to use DART to hit bull’s eye in CSAT paper and comfortably score 100+ even in the most difficult question paper that UPSC can give you in CSP-2021. Your peace of mind after every step of this exam is very important for us.

Looking forward to your enthusiastic participation (both in sending us questions and solving them on daily basis on this portal).

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Trains leave a station every 15 minutes at a speed of 30 km/hr. A man walks towards the station from the opposite direction and meets a train every 12 minutes. What is the speed of the man? (a) 3 km/hr (b) 5 km/hr (c) 6 km/hr (d) 7.5 km/hr Correct Answer: (d) Solution: Distance between trains = 30 × (15/60) = 7.5 km The man meets a train every 12 min = 1/5 hr Let man’s speed = x km/hr Relative speed = (x + 30) So, 7.5 = (x + 30) × (1/5) ⇒ 37.5 = x + 30 ⇒ x = 7.5 km/hr Hence, option (d) is correct Incorrect Answer: (d) Solution: Distance between trains = 30 × (15/60) = 7.5 km The man meets a train every 12 min = 1/5 hr Let man’s speed = x km/hr Relative speed = (x + 30) So, 7.5 = (x + 30) × (1/5) ⇒ 37.5 = x + 30 ⇒ x = 7.5 km/hr Hence, option (d) is correct

#### 1. Question

Trains leave a station every 15 minutes at a speed of 30 km/hr. A man walks towards the station from the opposite direction and meets a train every 12 minutes. What is the speed of the man?

• (a) 3 km/hr

• (b) 5 km/hr

• (c) 6 km/hr

• (d) 7.5 km/hr

Answer: (d)

Solution: Distance between trains = 30 × (15/60) = 7.5 km

The man meets a train every 12 min = 1/5 hr

Let man’s speed = x km/hr Relative speed = (x + 30)

So, 7.5 = (x + 30) × (1/5) ⇒ 37.5 = x + 30 ⇒ x = 7.5 km/hr

Hence, option (d) is correct

Answer: (d)

Solution: Distance between trains = 30 × (15/60) = 7.5 km

The man meets a train every 12 min = 1/5 hr

Let man’s speed = x km/hr Relative speed = (x + 30)

So, 7.5 = (x + 30) × (1/5) ⇒ 37.5 = x + 30 ⇒ x = 7.5 km/hr

Hence, option (d) is correct

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Justice in a society is not achieved merely by ensuring equality before law, but by creating conditions where every individual has a fair opportunity to realize their potential. Mere formal equality often conceals deep social and economic disparities that deny true freedom to the disadvantaged. A just society, therefore, does not treat unequal individuals as equals; it strives to remove the inequalities that make them unequal in the first place. Equality and justice are not conflicting values but complementary ones — equality gives justice its direction, and justice gives equality its purpose. A State that ignores this balance risks perpetuating privilege under the guise of fairness. Which one of the following statements best reflects the critical message conveyed by the author of the passage? (a) Justice can only be achieved when everyone is treated equally under all circumstances. (b) Equality and justice are interdependent, and real justice requires addressing existing inequalities. (c) The idea of justice is incompatible with the pursuit of equality in a diverse society. (d) Formal equality before law is sufficient to ensure a just and fair social order. Correct Answer: (b) Explanation: Option (a) is incorrect: The passage criticizes mere formal equality, stating that “a just society does not treat unequal individuals as equals.” Hence, treating everyone identically, regardless of circumstances, cannot ensure justice. Option (b) is correct: The author asserts that “equality and justice are not conflicting values but complementary ones” and that a just society removes inequalities to realize fairness. This clearly means real justice is possible only by correcting structural inequalities. Option (c) is incorrect: The passage argues the opposite — that equality and justice reinforce one another, not conflict. Option (d) is incorrect: The author explicitly warns that “formal equality before law” can mask “deep social and economic disparities.” Therefore, option (b) captures the essence of the passage. Incorrect Answer: (b) Explanation: Option (a) is incorrect: The passage criticizes mere formal equality, stating that “a just society does not treat unequal individuals as equals.” Hence, treating everyone identically, regardless of circumstances, cannot ensure justice. Option (b) is correct: The author asserts that “equality and justice are not conflicting values but complementary ones” and that a just society removes inequalities to realize fairness. This clearly means real justice is possible only by correcting structural inequalities. Option (c) is incorrect: The passage argues the opposite — that equality and justice reinforce one another, not conflict. Option (d) is incorrect: The author explicitly warns that “formal equality before law” can mask “deep social and economic disparities.” Therefore, option (b) captures the essence of the passage.

#### 2. Question

Justice in a society is not achieved merely by ensuring equality before law, but by creating conditions where every individual has a fair opportunity to realize their potential. Mere formal equality often conceals deep social and economic disparities that deny true freedom to the disadvantaged. A just society, therefore, does not treat unequal individuals as equals; it strives to remove the inequalities that make them unequal in the first place. Equality and justice are not conflicting values but complementary ones — equality gives justice its direction, and justice gives equality its purpose. A State that ignores this balance risks perpetuating privilege under the guise of fairness.

Which one of the following statements best reflects the critical message conveyed by the author of the passage?

• (a) Justice can only be achieved when everyone is treated equally under all circumstances.

• (b) Equality and justice are interdependent, and real justice requires addressing existing inequalities.

• (c) The idea of justice is incompatible with the pursuit of equality in a diverse society.

• (d) Formal equality before law is sufficient to ensure a just and fair social order.

Answer: (b)

Explanation: Option (a) is incorrect: The passage criticizes mere formal equality, stating that “a just society does not treat unequal individuals as equals.” Hence, treating everyone identically, regardless of circumstances, cannot ensure justice. Option (b) is correct: The author asserts that “equality and justice are not conflicting values but complementary ones” and that a just society removes inequalities to realize fairness. This clearly means real justice is possible only by correcting structural inequalities. Option (c) is incorrect: The passage argues the opposite — that equality and justice reinforce one another, not conflict. Option (d) is incorrect: The author explicitly warns that “formal equality before law” can mask “deep social and economic disparities.” Therefore, option (b) captures the essence of the passage.

Answer: (b)

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made: I. Equality in law must be accompanied by equality in social and economic conditions to achieve justice. II. Justice requires that the privileges of the powerful remain untouched to preserve social harmony. Which of the above assumptions is/are valid? (a) I only (b) II only (c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II Correct Answer: (a) Explanation: Assumption I is correct: The passage argues that justice demands more than legal equality — it calls for conditions enabling all to realize their potential and eliminating structural inequalities. Assumption II is incorrect: The passage directly rejects maintaining privilege, warning that doing so “perpetuates privilege under the guise of fairness.” Thus, this assumption contradicts the text. Therefore, only Assumption I is valid, making option (a) correct. Incorrect Answer: (a) Explanation: Assumption I is correct: The passage argues that justice demands more than legal equality — it calls for conditions enabling all to realize their potential and eliminating structural inequalities. Assumption II is incorrect: The passage directly rejects maintaining privilege, warning that doing so “perpetuates privilege under the guise of fairness.” Thus, this assumption contradicts the text. Therefore, only Assumption I is valid, making option (a) correct.

#### 3. Question

With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:

I. Equality in law must be accompanied by equality in social and economic conditions to achieve justice. II. Justice requires that the privileges of the powerful remain untouched to preserve social harmony.

Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

• (a) I only

• (b) II only

• (c) Both I and II

• (d) Neither I nor II

Answer: (a)

Explanation: Assumption I is correct: The passage argues that justice demands more than legal equality — it calls for conditions enabling all to realize their potential and eliminating structural inequalities. Assumption II is incorrect: The passage directly rejects maintaining privilege, warning that doing so “perpetuates privilege under the guise of fairness.” Thus, this assumption contradicts the text. Therefore, only Assumption I is valid, making option (a) correct.

Answer: (a)

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question In recent years, there has been a growing debate about the nature of heritage preservation. Monuments, artefacts, and oral traditions are no longer seen as static relics of the past but as living parts of the present that evolve with people’s engagement. Yet, heritage policies often treat culture as something to be frozen in time—unchanging and uniform. This approach overlooks the dynamic ways in which communities reinterpret their traditions to express contemporary identities. When heritage is confined to museum walls or reduced to nostalgic symbolism, it loses its social vitality. True preservation lies not in maintaining the past untouched, but in allowing it to speak to the realities of the present. Which one of the following statements best reflects the most logical and rational message conveyed by the author of the passage? (a) Heritage preservation should aim to keep traditional practices free from any modern influence. (b) Heritage must be viewed as a dynamic process that evolves with contemporary social realities. (c) The best way to preserve heritage is through documentation and museum conservation. (d) Traditional artefacts and monuments are more important than living cultural practices. Correct Answer: (b) Explanation: Option (a) is incorrect: The passage rejects the idea of “freezing culture in time” and instead emphasises evolution through people’s participation. Therefore, preserving tradition without modern influence contradicts the author’s message. Option (b) is correct: The author clearly argues that heritage should be seen as “living parts of the present that evolve with people’s engagement” and that “true preservation lies not in maintaining the past untouched but in allowing it to speak to the realities of the present.” Thus, heritage is a dynamic, evolving process. Option (c) is incorrect: The passage criticises limiting heritage to “museum walls or nostalgic symbolism,” implying that documentation alone is insufficient. Option (d) is incorrect: The passage does not rank artefacts above living culture; in fact, it argues for living, participatory heritage that reflects present realities. Hence, option (b) most accurately captures the core message. Incorrect Answer: (b) Explanation: Option (a) is incorrect: The passage rejects the idea of “freezing culture in time” and instead emphasises evolution through people’s participation. Therefore, preserving tradition without modern influence contradicts the author’s message. Option (b) is correct: The author clearly argues that heritage should be seen as “living parts of the present that evolve with people’s engagement” and that “true preservation lies not in maintaining the past untouched but in allowing it to speak to the realities of the present.” Thus, heritage is a dynamic, evolving process. Option (c) is incorrect: The passage criticises limiting heritage to “museum walls or nostalgic symbolism,” implying that documentation alone is insufficient. Option (d) is incorrect: The passage does not rank artefacts above living culture; in fact, it argues for living, participatory heritage that reflects present realities. Hence, option (b) most accurately captures the core message.

#### 4. Question

In recent years, there has been a growing debate about the nature of heritage preservation. Monuments, artefacts, and oral traditions are no longer seen as static relics of the past but as living parts of the present that evolve with people’s engagement. Yet, heritage policies often treat culture as something to be frozen in time—unchanging and uniform. This approach overlooks the dynamic ways in which communities reinterpret their traditions to express contemporary identities. When heritage is confined to museum walls or reduced to nostalgic symbolism, it loses its social vitality. True preservation lies not in maintaining the past untouched, but in allowing it to speak to the realities of the present.

Which one of the following statements best reflects the most logical and rational message conveyed by the author of the passage?

• (a) Heritage preservation should aim to keep traditional practices free from any modern influence.

• (b) Heritage must be viewed as a dynamic process that evolves with contemporary social realities.

• (c) The best way to preserve heritage is through documentation and museum conservation.

• (d) Traditional artefacts and monuments are more important than living cultural practices.

Answer: (b)

Explanation: Option (a) is incorrect: The passage rejects the idea of “freezing culture in time” and instead emphasises evolution through people’s participation. Therefore, preserving tradition without modern influence contradicts the author’s message. Option (b) is correct: The author clearly argues that heritage should be seen as “living parts of the present that evolve with people’s engagement” and that “true preservation lies not in maintaining the past untouched but in allowing it to speak to the realities of the present.” Thus, heritage is a dynamic, evolving process. Option (c) is incorrect: The passage criticises limiting heritage to “museum walls or nostalgic symbolism,” implying that documentation alone is insufficient. Option (d) is incorrect: The passage does not rank artefacts above living culture; in fact, it argues for living, participatory heritage that reflects present realities. Hence, option (b) most accurately captures the core message.

Answer: (b)

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made: I. Static approaches to heritage preservation risk alienating people from their cultural roots. II. The only way to preserve heritage is by encouraging modern reinterpretations of ancient artefacts. Which of the above assumptions is/are valid? (a) I only (b) II only (c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II Correct Answer: (a) Explanation: Assumption I is correct: The passage explicitly criticises treating culture as “something to be frozen in time” and warns that when heritage is confined to museums, it “loses its social vitality.” This implies that static preservation alienates communities from their evolving cultural identity. Hence, assumption I is valid. Assumption II is incorrect: The author does advocate dynamic reinterpretation, but does not claim it to be the only way. The focus is on balancing continuity with adaptability, not on rejecting all other methods. The term “only” makes the statement too absolute and inconsistent with the nuanced view of the passage. Therefore, only Assumption I is valid, making option (a) the correct answer. Incorrect Answer: (a) Explanation: Assumption I is correct: The passage explicitly criticises treating culture as “something to be frozen in time” and warns that when heritage is confined to museums, it “loses its social vitality.” This implies that static preservation alienates communities from their evolving cultural identity. Hence, assumption I is valid. Assumption II is incorrect: The author does advocate dynamic reinterpretation, but does not claim it to be the only way. The focus is on balancing continuity with adaptability, not on rejecting all other methods. The term “only” makes the statement too absolute and inconsistent with the nuanced view of the passage. Therefore, only Assumption I is valid, making option (a) the correct answer.

#### 5. Question

With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:

I. Static approaches to heritage preservation risk alienating people from their cultural roots. II. The only way to preserve heritage is by encouraging modern reinterpretations of ancient artefacts.

Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

• (a) I only

• (b) II only

• (c) Both I and II

• (d) Neither I nor II

Answer: (a)

Explanation: Assumption I is correct: The passage explicitly criticises treating culture as “something to be frozen in time” and warns that when heritage is confined to museums, it “loses its social vitality.” This implies that static preservation alienates communities from their evolving cultural identity. Hence, assumption I is valid. Assumption II is incorrect: The author does advocate dynamic reinterpretation, but does not claim it to be the only way. The focus is on balancing continuity with adaptability, not on rejecting all other methods. The term “only” makes the statement too absolute and inconsistent with the nuanced view of the passage. Therefore, only Assumption I is valid, making option (a) the correct answer.

Answer: (a)

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