UPSC Insta–DART (Daily Aptitude and Reasoning Test) 2 Mar 2026
Kartavya Desk Staff
Considering the alarming importance of CSAT in UPSC CSE Prelims exam and with enormous requests we received recently, InsightsIAS has started Daily CSAT Test to ensure students practice CSAT Questions on a daily basis. Regular Practice would help one overcome the fear of CSAT too.We are naming this initiative as Insta– DART – Daily Aptitude and Reasoning Test. We hope you will be able to use DART to hit bull’s eye in CSAT paper and comfortably score 100+ even in the most difficult question paper that UPSC can give you in CSP-2021. Your peace of mind after every step of this exam is very important for us.
Looking forward to your enthusiastic participation (both in sending us questions and solving them on daily basis on this portal).
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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made: Human suffering is closely connected to errors in understanding reality. II. The improvement of cognition through valid knowledge can have moral and existential consequences. III. Reason and logical inquiry are obstacles to spiritual freedom. Which of the above assumptions is/are valid? (a) I only (b) I and II only (c) II and III only (d) All three Correct Answer: (b) Explanation: Assumption I is valid. The passage begins by stating that humans suffer because they “hold false notions about reality” and that ignorance is the presence of mistaken understanding. Assumption II is valid. The passage clearly implies that correcting cognition through pramā (valid knowledge) leads not just to intellectual clarity but ultimately to liberation, which is an existential and moral outcome. Assumption III is invalid. The passage explicitly states the opposite: “freedom is presented not as an escape from reason, but as its fulfilment.” Hence, reason is shown as a path to, not an obstacle to, liberation. Therefore, only I and II are valid, making option (b) the correct answer. Incorrect Answer: (b) Explanation: Assumption I is valid. The passage begins by stating that humans suffer because they “hold false notions about reality” and that ignorance is the presence of mistaken understanding. Assumption II is valid. The passage clearly implies that correcting cognition through pramā (valid knowledge) leads not just to intellectual clarity but ultimately to liberation, which is an existential and moral outcome. Assumption III is invalid. The passage explicitly states the opposite: “freedom is presented not as an escape from reason, but as its fulfilment.” Hence, reason is shown as a path to, not an obstacle to, liberation. Therefore, only I and II are valid, making option (b) the correct answer.
#### 1. Question
With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
• Human suffering is closely connected to errors in understanding reality. II. The improvement of cognition through valid knowledge can have moral and existential consequences. III. Reason and logical inquiry are obstacles to spiritual freedom.
Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?
• (a) I only
• (b) I and II only
• (c) II and III only
• (d) All three
Answer: (b)
Explanation:
• Assumption I is valid. The passage begins by stating that humans suffer because they “hold false notions about reality” and that ignorance is the presence of mistaken understanding.
• Assumption II is valid. The passage clearly implies that correcting cognition through pramā (valid knowledge) leads not just to intellectual clarity but ultimately to liberation, which is an existential and moral outcome.
• Assumption III is invalid. The passage explicitly states the opposite: “freedom is presented not as an escape from reason, but as its fulfilment.” Hence, reason is shown as a path to, not an obstacle to, liberation.
Therefore, only I and II are valid, making option (b) the correct answer.
Answer: (b)
Explanation:
• Assumption I is valid. The passage begins by stating that humans suffer because they “hold false notions about reality” and that ignorance is the presence of mistaken understanding.
• Assumption II is valid. The passage clearly implies that correcting cognition through pramā (valid knowledge) leads not just to intellectual clarity but ultimately to liberation, which is an existential and moral outcome.
• Assumption III is invalid. The passage explicitly states the opposite: “freedom is presented not as an escape from reason, but as its fulfilment.” Hence, reason is shown as a path to, not an obstacle to, liberation.
Therefore, only I and II are valid, making option (b) the correct answer.
• Question 2 of 5 2. Question The notion of moral leadership in global affairs often collides with the reality of selective practice. Many of the world’s most affluent nations proclaim the virtues of free trade, democratic governance, and human rights. Yet a closer look at their own economic and institutional histories reveals deep-rooted contradictions. Several countries that now champion open markets once relied heavily on tariffs and state subsidies to build their industrial base. Similarly, nations that strongly demand strict intellectual property protection today often did not observe such rules during their own phases of development. The selective enforcement of rights and rules, especially when applied to weaker states, has become a recurring feature of international negotiations. In this sense, inconsistency appears less as an exception and more as a structural feature of global economic and political order. Which one of the following statements best reflects the most logical and rational message conveyed by the author of the passage? (a) Wealthy nations should abandon free trade and return to protectionism. (b) Hypocrisy and double standards are accidental flaws in international politics. (c) The global order often operates on selective application of principles shaped by power and historical advantage. (d) Developing countries should completely ignore international rules and agreements. Correct Answer: (c) Explanation: Option (c) is correct. The passage shows that rich countries preach one set of rules while having historically followed another, and continue to apply standards selectively, especially toward weaker states. The conclusion — that inconsistency is “structural” rather than exceptional — directly supports this interpretation. Option (a) is incorrect. The passage does not advocate reversing free trade or policy prescriptions. Option (b) is incorrect. The passage explicitly argues that inconsistency is built into the system, not an accident. Option (d) is incorrect. The passage critiques double standards but does not suggest rejecting rules altogether. Hence, (c) correctly captures the core message. Incorrect Answer: (c) Explanation: Option (c) is correct. The passage shows that rich countries preach one set of rules while having historically followed another, and continue to apply standards selectively, especially toward weaker states. The conclusion — that inconsistency is “structural” rather than exceptional — directly supports this interpretation. Option (a) is incorrect. The passage does not advocate reversing free trade or policy prescriptions. Option (b) is incorrect. The passage explicitly argues that inconsistency is built into the system, not an accident. Option (d) is incorrect. The passage critiques double standards but does not suggest rejecting rules altogether. Hence, (c) correctly captures the core message.
#### 2. Question
The notion of moral leadership in global affairs often collides with the reality of selective practice. Many of the world’s most affluent nations proclaim the virtues of free trade, democratic governance, and human rights. Yet a closer look at their own economic and institutional histories reveals deep-rooted contradictions. Several countries that now champion open markets once relied heavily on tariffs and state subsidies to build their industrial base. Similarly, nations that strongly demand strict intellectual property protection today often did not observe such rules during their own phases of development. The selective enforcement of rights and rules, especially when applied to weaker states, has become a recurring feature of international negotiations. In this sense, inconsistency appears less as an exception and more as a structural feature of global economic and political order.
Which one of the following statements best reflects the most logical and rational message conveyed by the author of the passage?
• (a) Wealthy nations should abandon free trade and return to protectionism.
• (b) Hypocrisy and double standards are accidental flaws in international politics.
• (c) The global order often operates on selective application of principles shaped by power and historical advantage.
• (d) Developing countries should completely ignore international rules and agreements.
Answer: (c)
Explanation:
• Option (c) is correct. The passage shows that rich countries preach one set of rules while having historically followed another, and continue to apply standards selectively, especially toward weaker states. The conclusion — that inconsistency is “structural” rather than exceptional — directly supports this interpretation.
• Option (a) is incorrect. The passage does not advocate reversing free trade or policy prescriptions.
• Option (b) is incorrect. The passage explicitly argues that inconsistency is built into the system, not an accident.
• Option (d) is incorrect. The passage critiques double standards but does not suggest rejecting rules altogether.
Hence, (c) correctly captures the core message.
Answer: (c)
Explanation:
• Option (c) is correct. The passage shows that rich countries preach one set of rules while having historically followed another, and continue to apply standards selectively, especially toward weaker states. The conclusion — that inconsistency is “structural” rather than exceptional — directly supports this interpretation.
• Option (a) is incorrect. The passage does not advocate reversing free trade or policy prescriptions.
• Option (b) is incorrect. The passage explicitly argues that inconsistency is built into the system, not an accident.
• Option (d) is incorrect. The passage critiques double standards but does not suggest rejecting rules altogether.
Hence, (c) correctly captures the core message.
• Question 3 of 5 3. Question With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made: I. Power relations influence how international rules and principles are applied. II. The historical development paths of today’s rich nations differ from the standards they now promote. III. International norms are applied uniformly and without bias across all countries. Which of the above assumptions is/are valid? (a) I only (b) I and II only (c) II and III only (d) All three Correct Answer: (b) Explanation: Assumption I is valid. The passage repeatedly points to selective enforcement, especially against weaker states, which clearly implies that power shapes rule application. Assumption II is valid. The passage explicitly states that many rich countries used protectionism and weak IPR regimes during their own development but now demand the opposite. Assumption III is invalid. The entire passage argues against the idea of uniform and unbiased application of rules. Therefore, only I and II are valid, making option (b) the correct answer. Incorrect Answer: (b) Explanation: Assumption I is valid. The passage repeatedly points to selective enforcement, especially against weaker states, which clearly implies that power shapes rule application. Assumption II is valid. The passage explicitly states that many rich countries used protectionism and weak IPR regimes during their own development but now demand the opposite. Assumption III is invalid. The entire passage argues against the idea of uniform and unbiased application of rules. Therefore, only I and II are valid, making option (b) the correct answer.
#### 3. Question
With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
I. Power relations influence how international rules and principles are applied. II. The historical development paths of today’s rich nations differ from the standards they now promote. III. International norms are applied uniformly and without bias across all countries.
Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?
• (a) I only
• (b) I and II only
• (c) II and III only
• (d) All three
Answer: (b)
Explanation:
• Assumption I is valid. The passage repeatedly points to selective enforcement, especially against weaker states, which clearly implies that power shapes rule application.
• Assumption II is valid. The passage explicitly states that many rich countries used protectionism and weak IPR regimes during their own development but now demand the opposite.
• Assumption III is invalid. The entire passage argues against the idea of uniform and unbiased application of rules.
Therefore, only I and II are valid, making option (b) the correct answer.
Answer: (b)
Explanation:
• Assumption I is valid. The passage repeatedly points to selective enforcement, especially against weaker states, which clearly implies that power shapes rule application.
• Assumption II is valid. The passage explicitly states that many rich countries used protectionism and weak IPR regimes during their own development but now demand the opposite.
• Assumption III is invalid. The entire passage argues against the idea of uniform and unbiased application of rules.
Therefore, only I and II are valid, making option (b) the correct answer.
• Question 4 of 5 4. Question In a family of eight members P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, and W, there are three generations. Q is the wife of P. R is the son of Q. S is the daughter of R. T is the wife of R. U is the mother of P. V is the son of T. W is the daughter of P. Who is Q to S? Grandmother Aunt Mother Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) 3 only (d) 1 and 2 only Correct Answer: (a) Solution: From the information: Q is the wife of P, and R is the son of Q. Hence, R is the child of Q and P. S is the daughter of R, so S is the granddaughter of Q. Thus, Q is the grandmother of S. None of the other relations fit the description. Hence, option (a) 1 only is correct. Incorrect Answer: (a) Solution: From the information: Q is the wife of P, and R is the son of Q. Hence, R is the child of Q and P. S is the daughter of R, so S is the granddaughter of Q. Thus, Q is the grandmother of S. None of the other relations fit the description. Hence, option (a) 1 only is correct.
#### 4. Question
In a family of eight members P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, and W, there are three generations. Q is the wife of P. R is the son of Q. S is the daughter of R. T is the wife of R. U is the mother of P. V is the son of T. W is the daughter of P. Who is Q to S?
• Grandmother
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
• (a) 1 only
• (b) 2 only
• (c) 3 only
• (d) 1 and 2 only
Answer: (a)
Solution: From the information: Q is the wife of P, and R is the son of Q. Hence, R is the child of Q and P. S is the daughter of R, so S is the granddaughter of Q. Thus, Q is the grandmother of S. None of the other relations fit the description.
Hence, option (a) 1 only is correct.
Answer: (a)
Solution: From the information: Q is the wife of P, and R is the son of Q. Hence, R is the child of Q and P. S is the daughter of R, so S is the granddaughter of Q. Thus, Q is the grandmother of S. None of the other relations fit the description.
Hence, option (a) 1 only is correct.
• Question 5 of 5 5. Question A can complete 2/5 of a work in 4 days, B can complete 1/2 of the same work in 5 days, and C can complete 3/10 of the same work in 6 days. All three start together and work for n days. Then only B continues and finishes the remaining work in 4 days. What is the value of n? (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5 Correct Incorrect
#### 5. Question
A can complete 2/5 of a work in 4 days, B can complete 1/2 of the same work in 5 days, and C can complete 3/10 of the same work in 6 days. All three start together and work for n days. Then only B continues and finishes the remaining work in 4 days. What is the value of n?
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