UPSC Insta–DART (Daily Aptitude and Reasoning Test) 11 Mar 2026

Considering the alarming importance of CSAT in UPSC CSE Prelims exam and with enormous requests we received recently, InsightsIAS has started Daily CSAT Test to ensure students practice CSAT Questions on a daily basis. Regular Practice would help one overcome the fear of CSAT too.We are naming this initiative as Insta– DART – Daily Aptitude and Reasoning Test. We hope you will be able to use DART to hit bull’s eye in CSAT paper and comfortably score 100+ even in the most difficult question paper that UPSC can give you in CSP-2021. Your peace of mind after every step of this exam is very important for us.

Looking forward to your enthusiastic participation (both in sending us questions and solving them on daily basis on this portal).

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Trust forms the foundation of social relationships, economic transactions, and institutional functioning. In everyday life, people rely on trust to cooperate, exchange information, and make collective decisions. Financial systems depend on public confidence, democratic institutions require credibility, and social harmony is sustained through mutual reliability. However, trust is not static; it can be strengthened through transparency, accountability, and consistent behaviour, or weakened by corruption, misinformation, and repeated failures. In societies where trust in institutions declines, individuals often become more cautious, and informal networks tend to replace formal mechanisms. Which one of the following statements best reflects the critical message conveyed by the author of the passage? (a) Trust is mainly a personal moral quality. (b) Institutional systems can function effectively even without public trust. (c) Trust plays a central role in sustaining social, economic, and political systems. (d) Informal networks are more reliable than formal institutions. Correct Answer: (c) Explanation: The passage highlights trust as the basis of social relations, financial systems, and democratic institutions. It emphasises how trust influences cooperation, governance, and cohesion. Option (c) captures this comprehensive role. The other options either narrow the concept or contradict the passage. Incorrect Answer: (c) Explanation: The passage highlights trust as the basis of social relations, financial systems, and democratic institutions. It emphasises how trust influences cooperation, governance, and cohesion. Option (c) captures this comprehensive role. The other options either narrow the concept or contradict the passage.

#### 1. Question

Trust forms the foundation of social relationships, economic transactions, and institutional functioning. In everyday life, people rely on trust to cooperate, exchange information, and make collective decisions. Financial systems depend on public confidence, democratic institutions require credibility, and social harmony is sustained through mutual reliability.

However, trust is not static; it can be strengthened through transparency, accountability, and consistent behaviour, or weakened by corruption, misinformation, and repeated failures. In societies where trust in institutions declines, individuals often become more cautious, and informal networks tend to replace formal mechanisms.

Which one of the following statements best reflects the critical message conveyed by the author of the passage?

• (a) Trust is mainly a personal moral quality.

• (b) Institutional systems can function effectively even without public trust.

• (c) Trust plays a central role in sustaining social, economic, and political systems.

• (d) Informal networks are more reliable than formal institutions.

Answer: (c)

Explanation:

The passage highlights trust as the basis of social relations, financial systems, and democratic institutions. It emphasises how trust influences cooperation, governance, and cohesion. Option (c) captures this comprehensive role. The other options either narrow the concept or contradict the passage.

Answer: (c)

Explanation:

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made: Transparency and accountability contribute to building public trust. Declining institutional trust can alter patterns of social and economic interaction. Which of the above assumptions is/are valid? (a) I only (b) II only (c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II Correct Answer: (c) Explanation: Assumption I is supported by the reference to “transparency, accountability, and consistent behaviour” as factors that strengthen trust. Assumption II is supported by the discussion on increased caution and reliance on informal networks when institutional trust declines. Therefore, both assumptions logically follow from the passage. Incorrect Answer: (c) Explanation: Assumption I is supported by the reference to “transparency, accountability, and consistent behaviour” as factors that strengthen trust. Assumption II is supported by the discussion on increased caution and reliance on informal networks when institutional trust declines. Therefore, both assumptions logically follow from the passage.

#### 2. Question

With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:

• Transparency and accountability contribute to building public trust.

• Declining institutional trust can alter patterns of social and economic interaction.

Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

• (a) I only

• (b) II only

• (c) Both I and II

• (d) Neither I nor II

Answer: (c)

Explanation:

Assumption I is supported by the reference to “transparency, accountability, and consistent behaviour” as factors that strengthen trust. Assumption II is supported by the discussion on increased caution and reliance on informal networks when institutional trust declines. Therefore, both assumptions logically follow from the passage.

Answer: (c)

Explanation:

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question The growth of digital communication and online financial services has been accompanied by new forms of cyber fraud. One such practice, often referred to as “digital arrest,” involves criminals impersonating law enforcement officials and threatening individuals with legal action unless immediate payments are made. These interactions commonly occur through video calls, emails, or messaging platforms, where victims are placed under intense psychological pressure. Such frauds take advantage of fear, limited legal awareness, and social trust in authority. Individuals who are unfamiliar with legal procedures or digital systems are more likely to comply with such demands. Although public agencies have introduced reporting mechanisms and awareness initiatives, variations in access to information and digital skills continue to influence patterns of vulnerability. Which one of the following statements best reflects the critical message conveyed by the author of the passage? (a) Digital arrest scams are mainly the result of weak law enforcement. (b) Cyber fraud is an unavoidable consequence of digital expansion. (c) Digital arrest exploits psychological and informational vulnerabilities in society. (d) Online communication platforms should be strictly restricted. Correct Answer: (c) Explanation: The passage focuses on how digital arrest operates by exploiting fear, limited awareness, and trust in authority. It highlights vulnerability arising from lack of information and digital skills. Option (c) captures this implicit message. The other options introduce exaggeration, inevitability, or policy prescriptions not supported by the passage. Incorrect Answer: (c) Explanation: The passage focuses on how digital arrest operates by exploiting fear, limited awareness, and trust in authority. It highlights vulnerability arising from lack of information and digital skills. Option (c) captures this implicit message. The other options introduce exaggeration, inevitability, or policy prescriptions not supported by the passage.

#### 3. Question

The growth of digital communication and online financial services has been accompanied by new forms of cyber fraud. One such practice, often referred to as “digital arrest,” involves criminals impersonating law enforcement officials and threatening individuals with legal action unless immediate payments are made. These interactions commonly occur through video calls, emails, or messaging platforms, where victims are placed under intense psychological pressure.

Such frauds take advantage of fear, limited legal awareness, and social trust in authority. Individuals who are unfamiliar with legal procedures or digital systems are more likely to comply with such demands. Although public agencies have introduced reporting mechanisms and awareness initiatives, variations in access to information and digital skills continue to influence patterns of vulnerability.

Which one of the following statements best reflects the critical message conveyed by the author of the passage?

• (a) Digital arrest scams are mainly the result of weak law enforcement.

• (b) Cyber fraud is an unavoidable consequence of digital expansion.

• (c) Digital arrest exploits psychological and informational vulnerabilities in society.

• (d) Online communication platforms should be strictly restricted.

Answer: (c)

Explanation:

The passage focuses on how digital arrest operates by exploiting fear, limited awareness, and trust in authority. It highlights vulnerability arising from lack of information and digital skills. Option (c) captures this implicit message. The other options introduce exaggeration, inevitability, or policy prescriptions not supported by the passage.

Answer: (c)

Explanation:

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made: Differences in legal and digital awareness affect susceptibility to cyber fraud. All users of online services are equally vulnerable to digital arrest scams. Which of the above assumptions is/are valid? (a) I only (b) II only (c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II Correct Answer: (a) Explanation: Assumption I is supported by references to “limited legal awareness” and “variations in access to information and digital skills.” Assumption II is incorrect because the passage indicates that vulnerability differs among individuals. Therefore, only assumption I is valid. Incorrect Answer: (a) Explanation: Assumption I is supported by references to “limited legal awareness” and “variations in access to information and digital skills.” Assumption II is incorrect because the passage indicates that vulnerability differs among individuals. Therefore, only assumption I is valid.

#### 4. Question

With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:

• Differences in legal and digital awareness affect susceptibility to cyber fraud.

• All users of online services are equally vulnerable to digital arrest scams.

Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

• (a) I only

• (b) II only

• (c) Both I and II

• (d) Neither I nor II

Answer: (a)

Explanation:

Assumption I is supported by references to “limited legal awareness” and “variations in access to information and digital skills.” Assumption II is incorrect because the passage indicates that vulnerability differs among individuals. Therefore, only assumption I is valid.

Answer: (a)

Explanation:

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Two cards are drawn at random from a standard deck without replacement. What is the probability that both cards are red and from the same suit? (a) 13/221 (b) 26/221 (c) 39/221 (d) 52/221 Correct Answer: (b) Solution: Red suits: Hearts (13) and Diamonds (13). Favourable outcomes = ⁽¹³C₂⁾ (both Hearts) + ⁽¹³C₂⁾ (both Diamonds) = 78 + 78 = 156. Total outcomes = ⁵²C₂ = 1326. Probability = 156/1326 = 26/221 Incorrect Answer: (b) Solution: Red suits: Hearts (13) and Diamonds (13). Favourable outcomes = ⁽¹³C₂⁾ (both Hearts) + ⁽¹³C₂⁾ (both Diamonds) = 78 + 78 = 156. Total outcomes = ⁵²C₂ = 1326. Probability = 156/1326 = 26/221

#### 5. Question

Two cards are drawn at random from a standard deck without replacement. What is the probability that both cards are red and from the same suit?

• (a) 13/221

• (b) 26/221

• (c) 39/221

• (d) 52/221

Answer: (b)

Solution:

Red suits: Hearts (13) and Diamonds (13).

Favourable outcomes = ⁽¹³C₂⁾ (both Hearts) + ⁽¹³C₂⁾ (both Diamonds) = 78 + 78 = 156.

Total outcomes = ⁵²C₂ = 1326. Probability = 156/1326 = 26/221

Answer: (b)

Solution:

Red suits: Hearts (13) and Diamonds (13).

Favourable outcomes = ⁽¹³C₂⁾ (both Hearts) + ⁽¹³C₂⁾ (both Diamonds) = 78 + 78 = 156.

Total outcomes = ⁵²C₂ = 1326. Probability = 156/1326 = 26/221

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