UPSC Insta–DART (Daily Aptitude and Reasoning Test) 11 Aug 2025

Considering the alarming importance of CSAT in UPSC CSE Prelims exam and with enormous requests we received recently, InsightsIAS has started Daily CSAT Test to ensure students practice CSAT Questions on a daily basis. Regular Practice would help one overcome the fear of CSAT too.We are naming this initiative as Insta– DART – Daily Aptitude and Reasoning Test. We hope you will be able to use DART to hit bull’s eye in CSAT paper and comfortably score 100+ even in the most difficult question paper that UPSC can give you in CSP-2021. Your peace of mind after every step of this exam is very important for us.

Looking forward to your enthusiastic participation (both in sending us questions and solving them on daily basis on this portal).

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Two dice are rolled. What is the probability that the sum of the two numbers is a prime number? (a) 10/36 (b) 12/36 (c) 15/36 (d) 18/36 Correct Answer: C Solution: Possible sums from two dice = 2 to 12 Prime sums = 2, 3, 5, 7, 11 Now count outcomes for each: Sum = 2 → (1,1) → 1 Sum = 3 → (1,2), (2,1) → 2 Sum = 5 → (1,4), (2,3), (3,2), (4,1) → 4 Sum = 7 → (1,6), (2,5), (3,4), (4,3), (5,2), (6,1) → 6 Sum = 11 → (5,6), (6,5) → 2 Total favourable = 1 + 2 + 4 + 6 + 2 = 15 Answer: (c) 15/36 Incorrect Answer: C Solution: Possible sums from two dice = 2 to 12 Prime sums = 2, 3, 5, 7, 11 Now count outcomes for each: Sum = 2 → (1,1) → 1 Sum = 3 → (1,2), (2,1) → 2 Sum = 5 → (1,4), (2,3), (3,2), (4,1) → 4 Sum = 7 → (1,6), (2,5), (3,4), (4,3), (5,2), (6,1) → 6 Sum = 11 → (5,6), (6,5) → 2 Total favourable = 1 + 2 + 4 + 6 + 2 = 15 Answer: (c) 15/36

#### 1. Question

Two dice are rolled. What is the probability that the sum of the two numbers is a prime number?

Solution:

Possible sums from two dice = 2 to 12 Prime sums = 2, 3, 5, 7, 11

Now count outcomes for each:

• Sum = 2 → (1,1) → 1

• Sum = 3 → (1,2), (2,1) → 2

• Sum = 5 → (1,4), (2,3), (3,2), (4,1) → 4

• Sum = 7 → (1,6), (2,5), (3,4), (4,3), (5,2), (6,1) → 6

• Sum = 11 → (5,6), (6,5) → 2

Total favourable = 1 + 2 + 4 + 6 + 2 = 15

Answer: (c) 15/36

Solution:

Possible sums from two dice = 2 to 12 Prime sums = 2, 3, 5, 7, 11

Now count outcomes for each:

• Sum = 2 → (1,1) → 1

• Sum = 3 → (1,2), (2,1) → 2

• Sum = 5 → (1,4), (2,3), (3,2), (4,1) → 4

• Sum = 7 → (1,6), (2,5), (3,4), (4,3), (5,2), (6,1) → 6

• Sum = 11 → (5,6), (6,5) → 2

Total favourable = 1 + 2 + 4 + 6 + 2 = 15

Answer: (c) 15/36

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question A publisher buys 40 novels at an average price of Rs. x. Later, he finds that with Rs. 480 more, he could have bought 5 more novels, and the average price would have decreased by Rs. 2. What was the original average price per novel? a) Rs. 90 b) Rs. 108 c) Rs. 112 d) Rs. 114 Correct Answer: D Solution: Original cost = 40x New total = 45(x – 2) Also: 40x + 480 = 45(x – 2) ⇒ 40x + 480 = 45x – 90 ⇒ 480 + 90 = 5x ⇒ 570 = 5x ⇒ x = Rs. 114 Incorrect Answer: D Solution: Original cost = 40x New total = 45(x – 2) Also: 40x + 480 = 45(x – 2) ⇒ 40x + 480 = 45x – 90 ⇒ 480 + 90 = 5x ⇒ 570 = 5x ⇒ x = Rs. 114

#### 2. Question

A publisher buys 40 novels at an average price of Rs. x. Later, he finds that with Rs. 480 more, he could have bought 5 more novels, and the average price would have decreased by Rs. 2. What was the original average price per novel?

• b) Rs. 108

• c) Rs. 112

• d) Rs. 114

Solution: Original cost = 40x New total = 45(x – 2) Also: 40x + 480 = 45(x – 2) ⇒ 40x + 480 = 45x – 90 ⇒ 480 + 90 = 5x ⇒ 570 = 5x ⇒ x = Rs. 114

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question An NGO received a donation of Rs. 80,000. It spent 10% on administrative expenses, 30% of the remaining on community outreach, and 20% of the balance on training programs. How much was spent on training programs? a) Rs. 10,080 b) Rs. 12,000 c) Rs. 13,440 d) Rs. 14,000 Correct Answer: A Solution: Step 1 – Admin expenses: 10% of 80,000 = ₹8,000 Remaining = 80,000 − 8,000 = ₹72,000 Step 2 – Community outreach: 30% of 72,000 = ₹21,600 Remaining = 72,000 − 21,600 = ₹50,400 Step 3 – Training programs: 20% of 50,400 = ₹10,080 Incorrect Answer: A Solution: Step 1 – Admin expenses: 10% of 80,000 = ₹8,000 Remaining = 80,000 − 8,000 = ₹72,000 Step 2 – Community outreach: 30% of 72,000 = ₹21,600 Remaining = 72,000 − 21,600 = ₹50,400 Step 3 – Training programs: 20% of 50,400 = ₹10,080

#### 3. Question

An NGO received a donation of Rs. 80,000. It spent 10% on administrative expenses, 30% of the remaining on community outreach, and 20% of the balance on training programs. How much was spent on training programs?

• a) Rs. 10,080

• b) Rs. 12,000

• c) Rs. 13,440

• d) Rs. 14,000

Solution: Step 1 – Admin expenses: 10% of 80,000 = ₹8,000 Remaining = 80,000 − 8,000 = ₹72,000

Step 2 – Community outreach: 30% of 72,000 = ₹21,600 Remaining = 72,000 − 21,600 = ₹50,400

Step 3 – Training programs: 20% of 50,400 = ₹10,080

Solution: Step 1 – Admin expenses: 10% of 80,000 = ₹8,000 Remaining = 80,000 − 8,000 = ₹72,000

Step 2 – Community outreach: 30% of 72,000 = ₹21,600 Remaining = 72,000 − 21,600 = ₹50,400

Step 3 – Training programs: 20% of 50,400 = ₹10,080

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question In a training camp, the average age of senior participants is between 40 and 50 years, and that of junior participants is between 20 and 30 years. If there are 80 seniors and 40 juniors, then the average age of all participants definitely lies in the range: (a) 35 to 45 (b) 30 to 40 (c) 25 to 50 (d) 33 to 46 Correct Answer: D Solution: Let average age of seniors = S (between 40 and 50) Let average age of juniors = J (between 20 and 30) Total average = A = (80S + 40J)/120 = 2/3 S + 1/3 J Now: Minimum average: A > 2/3 × 40 + 1/3 × 20 = 80/3 + 20/3 = 100/3 ≈ 33.33 Maximum average: A < 2/3 × 50 + 1/3 × 30 = 100/3 + 30/3 = 130/3 ≈ 43.33 So, A lies between 33.33 and 43.33 Incorrect Answer: D Solution: Let average age of seniors = S (between 40 and 50) Let average age of juniors = J (between 20 and 30) Total average = A = (80S + 40J)/120 = 2/3 S + 1/3 J Now: Minimum average: A > 2/3 × 40 + 1/3 × 20 = 80/3 + 20/3 = 100/3 ≈ 33.33 Maximum average: A < 2/3 × 50 + 1/3 × 30 = 100/3 + 30/3 = 130/3 ≈ 43.33 So, A lies between 33.33 and 43.33

#### 4. Question

In a training camp, the average age of senior participants is between 40 and 50 years, and that of junior participants is between 20 and 30 years. If there are 80 seniors and 40 juniors, then the average age of all participants definitely lies in the range:

• (a) 35 to 45

• (b) 30 to 40

• (c) 25 to 50

• (d) 33 to 46

Solution: Let average age of seniors = S (between 40 and 50) Let average age of juniors = J (between 20 and 30) Total average = A = (80S + 40J)/120 = 2/3 S + 1/3 J

Now: Minimum average: A > 2/3 × 40 + 1/3 × 20 = 80/3 + 20/3 = 100/3 ≈ 33.33

Maximum average: A < 2/3 × 50 + 1/3 × 30 = 100/3 + 30/3 = 130/3 ≈ 43.33

So, A lies between 33.33 and 43.33

Solution: Let average age of seniors = S (between 40 and 50) Let average age of juniors = J (between 20 and 30) Total average = A = (80S + 40J)/120 = 2/3 S + 1/3 J

Now: Minimum average: A > 2/3 × 40 + 1/3 × 20 = 80/3 + 20/3 = 100/3 ≈ 33.33

Maximum average: A < 2/3 × 50 + 1/3 × 30 = 100/3 + 30/3 = 130/3 ≈ 43.33

So, A lies between 33.33 and 43.33

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question Cognitive intelligence is often understood as the capacity for reasoning, problem-solving, and processing abstract concepts. However, recent advances in neuroscience suggest that cognition is not a purely mental activity confined to the brain. Instead, it emerges from a dynamic interaction between the body, environment, and social context. This embodied cognition challenges conventional notions that separate thinking from feeling, or intellect from intuition. For example, decision-making under uncertainty often relies not just on logic but on emotion-driven heuristics that have evolved over time. Moreover, the cognitive capacities of individuals are shaped by the cultural tools and language systems they inhabit. Intelligence, therefore, is not merely an innate attribute but a distributed process influenced by experience, embodiment, and context. This has significant implications for education, policy design, and even artificial intelligence. Which one of the following statements best reflects the central idea of the passage? (a) Intelligence is primarily a product of genetic inheritance and brain structure. (b) Emotions distort cognition and must be separated from decision-making processes. (c) Cognitive intelligence is shaped by embodied, environmental, and cultural factors, not just innate reasoning. (d) Artificial intelligence must replace human cognition in situations involving uncertainty and intuition. Correct Answer: c Explanation: Option (a) is incorrect: The passage explicitly rejects the idea that intelligence is only innate or brain-based. Option (b) is incorrect: The author defends emotion-driven heuristics in decision-making, challenging the strict logic–emotion separation. Option (c) is correct: This captures the full nuance—intelligence as embodied, culturally mediated, and context-dependent. Option (d) is incorrect: The passage explores human cognition but does not advocate replacement by AI. Rather, it hints at rethinking AI design based on human cognition. Incorrect Answer: c Explanation: Option (a) is incorrect: The passage explicitly rejects the idea that intelligence is only innate or brain-based. Option (b) is incorrect: The author defends emotion-driven heuristics in decision-making, challenging the strict logic–emotion separation. Option (c) is correct: This captures the full nuance—intelligence as embodied, culturally mediated, and context-dependent. Option (d) is incorrect: The passage explores human cognition but does not advocate replacement by AI. Rather, it hints at rethinking AI design based on human cognition.

#### 5. Question

Cognitive intelligence is often understood as the capacity for reasoning, problem-solving, and processing abstract concepts. However, recent advances in neuroscience suggest that cognition is not a purely mental activity confined to the brain. Instead, it emerges from a dynamic interaction between the body, environment, and social context. This embodied cognition challenges conventional notions that separate thinking from feeling, or intellect from intuition. For example, decision-making under uncertainty often relies not just on logic but on emotion-driven heuristics that have evolved over time. Moreover, the cognitive capacities of individuals are shaped by the cultural tools and language systems they inhabit. Intelligence, therefore, is not merely an innate attribute but a distributed process influenced by experience, embodiment, and context. This has significant implications for education, policy design, and even artificial intelligence.

Which one of the following statements best reflects the central idea of the passage?

• (a) Intelligence is primarily a product of genetic inheritance and brain structure.

• (b) Emotions distort cognition and must be separated from decision-making processes.

• (c) Cognitive intelligence is shaped by embodied, environmental, and cultural factors, not just innate reasoning.

• (d) Artificial intelligence must replace human cognition in situations involving uncertainty and intuition.

Answer: c

Explanation:

• Option (a) is incorrect: The passage explicitly rejects the idea that intelligence is only innate or brain-based.

• Option (b) is incorrect: The author defends emotion-driven heuristics in decision-making, challenging the strict logic–emotion separation.

• Option (c) is correct: This captures the full nuance—intelligence as embodied, culturally mediated, and context-dependent.

• Option (d) is incorrect: The passage explores human cognition but does not advocate replacement by AI. Rather, it hints at rethinking AI design based on human cognition.