UPSC Insta–DART (Daily Aptitude and Reasoning Test) 10 Sep 2025

Considering the alarming importance of CSAT in UPSC CSE Prelims exam and with enormous requests we received recently, InsightsIAS has started Daily CSAT Test to ensure students practice CSAT Questions on a daily basis. Regular Practice would help one overcome the fear of CSAT too.We are naming this initiative as Insta– DART – Daily Aptitude and Reasoning Test. We hope you will be able to use DART to hit bull’s eye in CSAT paper and comfortably score 100+ even in the most difficult question paper that UPSC can give you in CSP-2021. Your peace of mind after every step of this exam is very important for us.

Looking forward to your enthusiastic participation (both in sending us questions and solving them on daily basis on this portal).

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• Question 1 of 5 1. Question Climate geoengineering, encompassing techniques like solar radiation management and carbon dioxide removal, is increasingly debated as a supplemental measure to mitigate global warming. Proponents argue it could buy time for decarbonization efforts, while critics warn of uncertain ecological side effects, ethical hazards, and geopolitical tensions. Current governance frameworks are fragmented, lacking binding international agreements or clear liability provisions. The dual challenge lies in developing adaptive oversight mechanisms while preventing unilateral deployment by powerful states or corporations. Without inclusive global dialogue, geoengineering risks becoming both a technological and political flashpoint in climate policy. Based on the above passage, the following assumptions have been made: The absence of binding global governance on geoengineering increases the risk of uncoordinated and potentially harmful deployment. Geoengineering is widely accepted as a complete substitute for emission reduction strategies. Which of the assumptions given above is/are valid? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Correct Solution: (a) Explanation: • Assumption 1 is valid: The passage clearly states there is no binding international agreement and warns against unilateral action, implying risks from uncoordinated deployment. • Assumption 2 is invalid: The passage frames geoengineering as supplemental, not a substitute, for decarbonization efforts. Incorrect Solution: (a) Explanation: • Assumption 1 is valid: The passage clearly states there is no binding international agreement and warns against unilateral action, implying risks from uncoordinated deployment. • Assumption 2 is invalid: The passage frames geoengineering as supplemental, not a substitute, for decarbonization efforts.

#### 1. Question

Climate geoengineering, encompassing techniques like solar radiation management and carbon dioxide removal, is increasingly debated as a supplemental measure to mitigate global warming. Proponents argue it could buy time for decarbonization efforts, while critics warn of uncertain ecological side effects, ethical hazards, and geopolitical tensions. Current governance frameworks are fragmented, lacking binding international agreements or clear liability provisions. The dual challenge lies in developing adaptive oversight mechanisms while preventing unilateral deployment by powerful states or corporations. Without inclusive global dialogue, geoengineering risks becoming both a technological and political flashpoint in climate policy.

Based on the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:

• The absence of binding global governance on geoengineering increases the risk of uncoordinated and potentially harmful deployment.

• Geoengineering is widely accepted as a complete substitute for emission reduction strategies.

Which of the assumptions given above is/are valid?

• (a) 1 only

• (b) 2 only

• (c) Both 1 and 2

• (d) Neither 1 nor 2

Solution: (a)

Explanation: • Assumption 1 is valid: The passage clearly states there is no binding international agreement and warns against unilateral action, implying risks from uncoordinated deployment. • Assumption 2 is invalid: The passage frames geoengineering as supplemental, not a substitute, for decarbonization efforts.

Solution: (a)

• Question 2 of 5 2. Question Which one of the following statements best reflects the central idea of the passage? (a) Geoengineering is the safest and most cost-effective solution to climate change. (b) Inclusive global governance is essential to manage the technological, ecological, and political risks of geoengineering. (c) Climate geoengineering should be avoided entirely due to unknown risks. (d) Geoengineering can replace the need for emission reduction if carefully regulated. Correct Solution: (b) Explanation: The passage emphasizes both the promise and the risks of geoengineering, stressing the lack of governance and the need for inclusive, adaptive oversight. Option (b) captures this balanced, governance-focused message. The other options are extreme or contradict the text. Incorrect Solution: (b) Explanation: The passage emphasizes both the promise and the risks of geoengineering, stressing the lack of governance and the need for inclusive, adaptive oversight. Option (b) captures this balanced, governance-focused message. The other options are extreme or contradict the text.

#### 2. Question

Which one of the following statements best reflects the central idea of the passage?

• (a) Geoengineering is the safest and most cost-effective solution to climate change.

• (b) Inclusive global governance is essential to manage the technological, ecological, and political risks of geoengineering.

• (c) Climate geoengineering should be avoided entirely due to unknown risks.

• (d) Geoengineering can replace the need for emission reduction if carefully regulated.

Solution: (b)

Explanation: The passage emphasizes both the promise and the risks of geoengineering, stressing the lack of governance and the need for inclusive, adaptive oversight. Option (b) captures this balanced, governance-focused message. The other options are extreme or contradict the text.

Solution: (b)

• Question 3 of 5 3. Question When 50% of a number p is added to another number q, the sum becomes 140% of the value of q. When 40% of the number p is added to another number r, then the sum becomes 150% of the value of r. which one of the following is correct? a) p > q > r b) p > r > q c) q > r > p d) q > p > r Correct Answer: (d) Solution From the first sentence, we know that: 0.5p + q = 1.4q p = 0.8q Thus q > p From the second sentence, we know that: 0.4p + r = 1.5r 0.4p = 0.5r p = 1.25r Thus p>r We now have two equations for p in terms of q and r, respectively. Equating these two equations, we get: 0.8q = 1.25r q = (1.25/0.8)r q = 1.5625r Thus q>r So, we have expressed q and p in terms of r. If q is the largest number, then we can conclude that: q > p > r So, the answer is option d Incorrect Answer: (d) Solution From the first sentence, we know that: 0.5p + q = 1.4q p = 0.8q Thus q > p From the second sentence, we know that: 0.4p + r = 1.5r 0.4p = 0.5r p = 1.25r Thus p>r We now have two equations for p in terms of q and r, respectively. Equating these two equations, we get: 0.8q = 1.25r q = (1.25/0.8)r q = 1.5625r Thus q>r So, we have expressed q and p in terms of r. If q is the largest number, then we can conclude that: q > p > r So, the answer is option d

#### 3. Question

When 50% of a number p is added to another number q, the sum becomes 140% of the value of q. When 40% of the number p is added to another number r, then the sum becomes 150% of the value of r. which one of the following is correct?

• a) p > q > r

• b) p > r > q

• c) q > r > p

• d) q > p > r

Answer: (d)

From the first sentence, we know that: 0.5p + q = 1.4q

Thus q > p

From the second sentence, we know that:

0.4p + r = 1.5r 0.4p = 0.5r p = 1.25r

Thus p>r

We now have two equations for p in terms of q and r, respectively. Equating these two equations, we get:

0.8q = 1.25r q = (1.25/0.8)r q = 1.5625r

Thus q>r

So, we have expressed q and p in terms of r.

If q is the largest number, then we can conclude that:

q > p > r

So, the answer is option d

Answer: (d)

From the first sentence, we know that: 0.5p + q = 1.4q

Thus q > p

From the second sentence, we know that:

0.4p + r = 1.5r 0.4p = 0.5r p = 1.25r

Thus p>r

We now have two equations for p in terms of q and r, respectively. Equating these two equations, we get:

0.8q = 1.25r q = (1.25/0.8)r q = 1.5625r

Thus q>r

So, we have expressed q and p in terms of r.

If q is the largest number, then we can conclude that:

q > p > r

So, the answer is option d

• Question 4 of 5 4. Question There are two water tanks: one with 960 litres and the other with 1440 litres of water. The water has to be packed into buckets of equal capacity, with no water left. The capacity of each bucket (in litres) must be an integer. How many different bucket sizes are possible? (a) 18 (b) 20 (c) 24 (d) 30 Correct Answer: (c) Solution: As both tanks are to be packed in equal-sized buckets, the bucket size is a common factor of 960 and 1440. Now, 960 = 2⁶ × 3 × 5 1440 = 2⁵ × 3² × 5 So GCD = 2⁵ × 3 × 5 = 480 Now, the number of factors of 480: 480 = 2⁵ × 3 × 5 → Number of factors = (5+1)(1+1)(1+1) = 6 × 2 × 2 = 24 Hence, 24 different bucket sizes are possible. So, option c is the correct answer. Incorrect Answer: (c) Solution: As both tanks are to be packed in equal-sized buckets, the bucket size is a common factor of 960 and 1440. Now, 960 = 2⁶ × 3 × 5 1440 = 2⁵ × 3² × 5 So GCD = 2⁵ × 3 × 5 = 480 Now, the number of factors of 480: 480 = 2⁵ × 3 × 5 → Number of factors = (5+1)(1+1)(1+1) = 6 × 2 × 2 = 24 Hence, 24 different bucket sizes are possible. So, option c is the correct answer.

#### 4. Question

There are two water tanks: one with 960 litres and the other with 1440 litres of water. The water has to be packed into buckets of equal capacity, with no water left. The capacity of each bucket (in litres) must be an integer. How many different bucket sizes are possible?

Answer: (c)

Solution:

As both tanks are to be packed in equal-sized buckets, the bucket size is a common factor of 960 and 1440.

960 = 2⁶ × 3 × 5 1440 = 2⁵ × 3² × 5

So GCD = 2⁵ × 3 × 5 = 480

Now, the number of factors of 480: 480 = 2⁵ × 3 × 5 → Number of factors = (5+1)(1+1)(1+1) = 6 × 2 × 2 = 24

Hence, 24 different bucket sizes are possible.

So, option c is the correct answer.

Answer: (c)

Solution:

As both tanks are to be packed in equal-sized buckets, the bucket size is a common factor of 960 and 1440.

960 = 2⁶ × 3 × 5 1440 = 2⁵ × 3² × 5

So GCD = 2⁵ × 3 × 5 = 480

Now, the number of factors of 480: 480 = 2⁵ × 3 × 5 → Number of factors = (5+1)(1+1)(1+1) = 6 × 2 × 2 = 24

Hence, 24 different bucket sizes are possible.

So, option c is the correct answer.

• Question 5 of 5 5. Question The average temperature in Delhi for the first four days of the month was reported as 58 degrees. It reported as 60 degrees for 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th days. The ratio of the temperatures of 1st and 5th day was 7: 8. Find the temperature on the first day. (a) 42 deg. (b) 56 deg. (c) 63 deg. (d) 68 deg. Correct Answer : (b) Explanation: A+B+C+D = 584 B+C+D+E = 604 Subtract both, E – A = 8 So 8x – 7x = 8, x = 8 So, temperature of A (1st day) = 7x = 78=56 deg. Incorrect Answer : (b) Explanation: A+B+C+D = 584 B+C+D+E = 604 Subtract both, E – A = 8 So 8x – 7x = 8, x = 8 So, temperature of A (1st day) = 7x = 78=56 deg.

#### 5. Question

The average temperature in Delhi for the first four days of the month was reported as 58 degrees. It reported as 60 degrees for 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th days. The ratio of the temperatures of 1st and 5th day was 7: 8. Find the temperature on the first day.

• (a) 42 deg.

• (b) 56 deg.

• (c) 63 deg.

• (d) 68 deg.

Answer : (b)

Explanation:

A+B+C+D = 584 B+C+D+E = 604 Subtract both, E – A = 8

So 8x – 7x = 8, x = 8

So, temperature of A (1st day) = 7x = 7*8=56 deg.

Answer : (b)

Explanation:

A+B+C+D = 584 B+C+D+E = 604 Subtract both, E – A = 8

So 8x – 7x = 8, x = 8

So, temperature of A (1st day) = 7x = 7*8=56 deg.

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